Первая часть --
здесь. Теперь посмотрим, каковы были бы последствия, если бы атомная бомба не была применена против Хиросимы и Нагасаки.
Прежде всего, непосредственно военные последствия для общего хода боевых действий. Хороший современный обзор можно найти напр. в D. M. Giangreco,
"Hell to Pay: Operation Downfall and the Invasion of Japan, 1945-
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Это личные рассуждения данного автора в 1970 году.
В 1945 году ни он, ни кто-либо другой подобных утверждений не выдвигал.
> Там же, на стр. 114 говорится что выбор города произошёл из-за...
Список причин, по которым идея технической демонстрации была отвергнута, перечислен выше, и Вы без труда можете найти историю вопроса в литературе, включая и указанную статью. См. тж. у Бернштейна ("The Atomic Bomb Recondidered").
> также отсюда - http://nuclearweaponarchive.org/Usa/M ed/Med.html (цитата)
April 27 - The first meeting of the Target Committee was held to select targets for atomic bombing. Seventeen targets are selected for study: Tokyo Bay (for a non-lethal demonstration), Yokohama, Nagoya, Osaka, Kobe, Hiroshima, Kokura, Fukuoka, Nagasaki, and Sasebo (some of these were soon dropped because they had already been burned down).Это ( ... )
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With regard to these general aspects of the use of atomic energy, it is clear that we, as scientific men, have no proprietary rights. It is true that we are among the few citizens who have had occasion to give thoughtful consideration to these problems during the past few years. We have, however, no claim to special competence in solving the political, social, and military problems which are presented by the advent of atomic power.
The foregoing discussion presents the reasoning of the Interim Committee and its advisers. I have discussed the work of these gentlemen at length in order to make it clear that we sought the best advice that we could find. The committee’s function was, of course, entirely advisory. The conclusions of the committee were similar to my own, although I reached mine independently. I felt that to extract a genuine surrender from the Emperor and his military advisers, they must be administered a tremendous shock which would carry convincing proof of our power to destroy the Empire. Such an effective ( ... )
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в том же бюллетене на стр. 113
"In later years Oppenheimer blamed himself for underestimating, before the Trinity test, the effect of a demonstration at night"
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