I'm afraid I'm no help. But, I'm not sure how much you've read in Japanese about Japanese grammar, BUT, in case it helps, discussions of verbs I've read in linguistic books for "regular literate adult readers interested in how our language works" discuss the different ways that nouns associate with verbs, and give ガ格、ヲ格、etc for the way a noun is actor with が、the thing acted on (目的語 or what)with を, like that
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I'd advise looking for any universals of this type, as it only takes one counter-example to blow the theory to pieces. Is this a topic you chose or one that was assigned to you? Have a good look at Basque while you're at it; you might find it interesting.
This is probably far too late to help you, but wikipedia has extensive articles on Japanese. It's a good place to start. (For example, it's hard to search for discussions of pronoun usage without knowing which ones exist.)
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