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1. Present participle

The present participle is often used when we want to express an active action. In English we add -ing to the infinitive of the verb.

• Progressive Tenses
  
  He is reading a book.
  
  He was reading a book.
  
• Gerund
  
  Reading books is fun.
  
  He likes reading books.
  
• Adjective
  
  Look at the reading boy.
  
• Together with ( Read more... )

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On
Used to express a surface of something:

• I put an egg on the kitchen table.
• The paper is on my desk.

Used to specify days and dates:

• The garbage truck comes on Wednesdays.
• I was born on the 14th day of June in 1988.

Used to indicate a device or machine, such as a phone or computer:

• He is on the phone right now.

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→ It is possible and also very likely that the condition will be fulfilled.
if + Simple Present, will-Future
If I find her address, I’ll send her an invitation.
→ It is possible but very unlikely, that the condition will be fulfilled.
if + Simple Past, Conditional I (= would + Infinitive)
If I found her address, I would send her ( Read more... )

"The mystery of two oceans." by Grigory Adamov
Chapter One. The interrupted conversation.
It was a little before the dawn. From a room on the thirteenth floor, a faint beam of light was shining through a gap between thick curtains into the wet blackness of a yard.
The cone of glow, from a little reading lamp under a black lampshade, was illuminating a ( Read more... )

( Read more... )

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Often we need to add -ing or -ed to a verb to make other forms of the verb, for example:
I was talking when John arrived

Spelling Rule
Just add -ing or -ed to the end of the base verb:

• work - working - worked
• play - playing - played
• dye - dyeing - dyed
• open - opening - opened

Exceptions
(note: C=consonant; V=vowel)

If ( Read more... )

For many verbs we make the ING form by simply adding -ING to end of the verb.

• eat - eating
• speak - speaking
• cook - cooking
• start - starting
• do - doing

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Spelling

Major value

Examples of major value

ct-
/t/
ctenoid

gh-
/g/
ghost, ghastly

-gh
Ø
dough, high

-ght
/t/
right, daughter, bought

g in -gm, gn- or -gn
Ø
gnome, gnaw, diaphragm, signing, reign

h after ex
Ø
exhibit, exhaust

kn-
/n/
knee, knock

-mb
/m/
climb, plumber

mn-
/n/
mnemonic

-mn
( Read more... )

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The verbs will, would, shall, should, can, could, may, might, and must cannot be the main (full) verbs alone. They are used as auxiliary verbs only and always need a main verb to follow.

Will

Used to express desire, preference, choice, or consent:

• I will take this duty.
• Will you stop talking like that?

Used to ( Read more... )

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to have (something) both ways

Idiom: to have (something) both ways; used as a verb.

First Example: Mario has been dating Erika for six months, but he also likes Tina and would like to ask her out. Mario wants to have it both ways. He would like to date both Erika and Tina.

Meaning: to have (something or it) both ( Read more... )