международная гуманитарная помощь
Попалась мне краткая шпаргалка университета в Индианаполисе по теме "история международной гуманитарной помощи". Интересно, а на русском языке подобные курсы и темы вообще существуют? В СССР они никого не волновали - там людей нужно было пугать ужасами капитализма, потому о гуманитарной помощи распускали брехню ( даже когда помогали населению под большевицким правлением). А сейчас хоть что-то изменилось?
http://www.iupui.edu/~histwhs/h699.dir/HumanitChrono.htm
The History of International Humanitarian Assistance
Notes on Developments in 19th and 20th centuries
-Origins
in addition to earlier religious traditions, new 18th century secular ideas of compassion for human suffering
main focus on poor relief, child and other labor laws, etc. as 19th century industrialization produces problems in growing urban
first international manifestation is in opposition to slavery and the slave trade (along with religious-based concern)
-to 1860s: examples of other responses to international suffering
Lisbon earthquake (1755) 30,000 die
Abolition of Slave Trade campaign (1807 in Britain; 1808 in U.S.; 1826 France; 1819 Portugal north.of Equator)
Greek War of Independence (1821-32)
Irish Potato (and other) Famine (1846-48)
Crimean War (1854-56)
Austro-French War (1859-60)
American Civil War (1861-65)
-1860s to 1914: Origins of Red Cross; international awareness of disaster and cooperation
Red Cross: from Solferino (Austro-French War) to Franco-Prussian War 1870) organizing medical assistance in wartime
Other wars: Balkan, Spanish-American (1898), Russo-Japanese (1904)
Natural disasters
Floods in China (1887 Yellow River, 900,000 die)
Earthquakes (Martinique 1902, Chile 1906)
Famines (Russia 1891-92, 500,000 die; Persia 1871; India 1876-79: 6-10 million die; China 1876-77; 1896-1902: 6-19 million est. die
Epidemics: Cholera in India 1904-1909, spreads to southeast Asia, Russia; plague in India 1904-1907; spreads to Burma, eventually Manchuria 1910-11
International organizations: for commerce, trade and some humanitarian assistance: womenπs suffrage, anti-slave trade (white and black), anti-opium (Shanghai conference 1909)
Civilizing Mission and European colonialism
-First World War
relief needs during war
treatment of prisoners, civilian population
relief after war
Western Europe: France, Belgium
Eastern Europe (new countries)
Russia: Civil War, Hoover and ARC,
Former Ottoman Empire: wars (Greek) and Armenian genocide
International organizations: League of Nations, League of Red cross Societies, Health Organization, etc.
-Interwar Period
Colonies and mandates
Natural disasters
Earthquakes: Tokyo 1923, Chile 1939
Famine: China 1920-21, 1929; Russia 1920-21, 1932-33
Epidemics: cholera E. Europe 1915-22; Manchurian plague 1920-21 60,000 die
Flood: China 1931 Yangste River, 3.7 million die from flood, disease and famine
Wars and manmade crises
Japanese invasion of China 1931
Italian invasion of Abyssinia (Ethiopia) 1935
Spanish Civil War 1936-39
Jewish persecution in Germany and refugees
-Second World War
1939-41 US neutral, relief to France and China
Oxfam (1942)
Postwar relief: CARE, refugees and resettlement (UNRAA), Palestine and Jews
Cold War to 1970s
UN organizations
From relief to development: bilateral v/s multilateral assistance
Decolonization and Rise of non-aligned ≥Third≤ world
1970-1990
Rise of NGOs
MSF and independent humanitarian assistance
Failures: Cambodia, Boat People, Ethiopian famine in 1980s
Successes?
1990s and after
Wars:
Bosnia (1991-95), Somali civil war (1991-93), Iraq 1 (1991), Rwandan genocide (1994), Kosovo (1999), Afghanistan (2001-), Iraq 2 (2003-)
Natural disasters:
Hurricane Mitch (Central America 1998, 11,000 died); Indian Ocean tsunami (2004)
Epidemic: HIV/AIDS (2004 3.1 million worldwide died of AIDS-related diseases)
http://www.iupui.edu/~histwhs/h699.dir/HumanitChrono.htm
The History of International Humanitarian Assistance
Notes on Developments in 19th and 20th centuries
-Origins
in addition to earlier religious traditions, new 18th century secular ideas of compassion for human suffering
main focus on poor relief, child and other labor laws, etc. as 19th century industrialization produces problems in growing urban
first international manifestation is in opposition to slavery and the slave trade (along with religious-based concern)
-to 1860s: examples of other responses to international suffering
Lisbon earthquake (1755) 30,000 die
Abolition of Slave Trade campaign (1807 in Britain; 1808 in U.S.; 1826 France; 1819 Portugal north.of Equator)
Greek War of Independence (1821-32)
Irish Potato (and other) Famine (1846-48)
Crimean War (1854-56)
Austro-French War (1859-60)
American Civil War (1861-65)
-1860s to 1914: Origins of Red Cross; international awareness of disaster and cooperation
Red Cross: from Solferino (Austro-French War) to Franco-Prussian War 1870) organizing medical assistance in wartime
Other wars: Balkan, Spanish-American (1898), Russo-Japanese (1904)
Natural disasters
Floods in China (1887 Yellow River, 900,000 die)
Earthquakes (Martinique 1902, Chile 1906)
Famines (Russia 1891-92, 500,000 die; Persia 1871; India 1876-79: 6-10 million die; China 1876-77; 1896-1902: 6-19 million est. die
Epidemics: Cholera in India 1904-1909, spreads to southeast Asia, Russia; plague in India 1904-1907; spreads to Burma, eventually Manchuria 1910-11
International organizations: for commerce, trade and some humanitarian assistance: womenπs suffrage, anti-slave trade (white and black), anti-opium (Shanghai conference 1909)
Civilizing Mission and European colonialism
-First World War
relief needs during war
treatment of prisoners, civilian population
relief after war
Western Europe: France, Belgium
Eastern Europe (new countries)
Russia: Civil War, Hoover and ARC,
Former Ottoman Empire: wars (Greek) and Armenian genocide
International organizations: League of Nations, League of Red cross Societies, Health Organization, etc.
-Interwar Period
Colonies and mandates
Natural disasters
Earthquakes: Tokyo 1923, Chile 1939
Famine: China 1920-21, 1929; Russia 1920-21, 1932-33
Epidemics: cholera E. Europe 1915-22; Manchurian plague 1920-21 60,000 die
Flood: China 1931 Yangste River, 3.7 million die from flood, disease and famine
Wars and manmade crises
Japanese invasion of China 1931
Italian invasion of Abyssinia (Ethiopia) 1935
Spanish Civil War 1936-39
Jewish persecution in Germany and refugees
-Second World War
1939-41 US neutral, relief to France and China
Oxfam (1942)
Postwar relief: CARE, refugees and resettlement (UNRAA), Palestine and Jews
Cold War to 1970s
UN organizations
From relief to development: bilateral v/s multilateral assistance
Decolonization and Rise of non-aligned ≥Third≤ world
1970-1990
Rise of NGOs
MSF and independent humanitarian assistance
Failures: Cambodia, Boat People, Ethiopian famine in 1980s
Successes?
1990s and after
Wars:
Bosnia (1991-95), Somali civil war (1991-93), Iraq 1 (1991), Rwandan genocide (1994), Kosovo (1999), Afghanistan (2001-), Iraq 2 (2003-)
Natural disasters:
Hurricane Mitch (Central America 1998, 11,000 died); Indian Ocean tsunami (2004)
Epidemic: HIV/AIDS (2004 3.1 million worldwide died of AIDS-related diseases)