The word “Turk” and its variations such as “tu-kiu,” “tur-kiut,” “tur-kiu,” “turku,” “turukh,” “durukh,” and “turuk” appears in Chinese sources in reference to a Mongolian-based ethnic group from the Altai Mountain. (A.N. Kononov, Opit analiza termina "Turk".) The earliest evidence of any literature in the present Azari-Turkic dialect is from
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