1.5%

Nov 16, 2010 19:55

There is this oft repeated saying that the difference in protein coding sequences between chimps and humans is ONLY 1.5%. This supposedly means that we are not that different... Eh? If you do not believe your own eyes telling otherwise, do the math: About 75% of these substitutions will change the amino acid. The average length of a human protein ( Read more... )

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anatol_olegych November 17 2010, 04:38:59 UTC
Цифры немного необычные.

(1) Если мне не изменяет память, Wen-Ho Li считает (Molecular evolution, Таблица 1.5), что 1.23-1.24 это уровень нуклеотидного расxождения -- по дрейфу. Т.е. в межгенныx участкаx, а не в экзонаx. В кодирующиx участкаx навскидку не помню, но существенно меньше.

(2) Откуда 75%? Это выxодит Ка/Кs = 3. Откуда такое в случае нейтрального дрейфа? Такой показатель считается признаком мощнейшего движущего отбора и встречается очень редко. В норме вы увидите около 50% для дрейфа.

(3) "This is more than sufficient to change the properties of a protein" is correct in a lawyerly way ("driving a car for 10 minutes is sufficient to get you killed": well, it is, but it normally doesn't happen that way). A vast majority of AA substitutions are neutral or weakly deleterious. The deleterious ones are selected against, so basically the deck is stacked against interesting changes, and you see for the most part mutations that are pretty much neutral as far as function is concerned.

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shkrobius November 17 2010, 05:40:53 UTC
(1) 1.5% is for orthologous nucleotide sequences (1-1.2% for SNPs) cited via ( ... )

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i_eron November 17 2010, 10:41:36 UTC
I also think that this 1.5% difference is a huge one because of this argument about protein properties. But only a part of the DNA is active in building our bodies. Since the other parts are not stabilized by the evolutionary selection, they are mutating more-or-less freely. So, it stands to reason that a large part of this 1.5% is inconsequential. Still, the remainder is surely very significant.

One may compare this to the difference between men and women (like this and this, for example). There most of the difference is in the active parts. And the effect is huge. It is much larger than the difference between men and chimps.

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shkrobius November 17 2010, 15:00:57 UTC
That was a ballpark estimate to feel the number. As I quoted in a comment above, direct count for similar proteins (that are different) is 3 amino acid difference on average (there also a lot of new genes and a minor loss of genes). So the simple estimate is not way off.

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fe_b November 19 2010, 00:11:15 UTC
Эта разница в генах между шимпанзе и орангутангом тоже должна быть примерно такая же.
Я не знаю, я догадываюсь.

А разница в генах между человеком и амебой тоже не слишком велика.

Для меня это значит, что такой способ измерять существ просто не о том,
о чем-то не очень важном.

Можно классифицировать люде по росту или весу.
Это будет иногда немного коррелировать с чем-то важным, но в общем, не о том.

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fe_b November 19 2010, 00:16:12 UTC
А, я понял, о чем говорит разница в полтора процента.
О том, что труп шимпанзе и труп человека очень похожи.
Особенно под микроскопом.

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