I suggest that "shoulder thing that goes up" would be the flip up shoulder rest. I had one on my M-14 and it was useful when firing full automatic from a bipod. The firer pulls down on the pistol grip (and the M-14 had an arrangement that connected the forward pistol grip to the sling) putting downward force on the shoulder and the bipod preventing muzzle rise to some extent. It still wasn't as accurate as the Browning BAR, but that was thought to be too accurate, not dispersing its rounds enough to make up for error in locating someone firing at you through a window from 200 yards.
The M-14 was trying to replace the M-1 Garand, the M-2 Carbine and the M-1918 BAR. It suffered from that being heavier and less handy than the Carbine, slightly heavier than the M-1 Garand, but much less effective (though easier to carry) than the BAR.
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The M-14 was trying to replace the M-1 Garand, the M-2 Carbine and the M-1918 BAR. It suffered from that being heavier and less handy than the Carbine, slightly heavier than the M-1 Garand, but much less effective (though easier to carry) than the BAR.
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