Conditional: Basic Grammar Points and Expressing Obligation
Basic Grammar Points:
～ば + いい = expresses suggestions or the speaker's hope
[ex: 試験があるから、勉強すればいいですよ。/Since I have an exam, it's a good idea to study.]
[ex:: パン屋に好きなケーキがあればいいね。 /I hope the bakery has my favorite cake OR It'd be nice if the bakery has my favorite cake.]
～ば + いいのに = when speaker wishes soemthing that can never happen in reality
いいんだけど
いいんですが
[ex: 明日出かけなけりゃならないから、晴れればいいんだけど、雨が降りそうね。 /It would be nice if it cleared up, since I have to go out tomorrow, but it looks like rain.]
～ば + よっかた = expressing regret for doing or not doing something, "I wish I had ～"/ "It would have been better if ～"
Colloquial/Casual Form:
Now I'm going to be a little lazy and skim over the affirmative conditional colloquial abbreviations. I haven't really heard them used that much (correct me if I'm wrong). I'll only give the verbs
～る Verbs
れは ==> りゃ
食べれは ==> 食べりゃ
～う Verbs
eba ==> iya
書けば ==> 書きゃ
What you're much more likely to hear is this:
Colloquial Form, Negative Conditional:
All Negative Conditional Parts of Speech
～なければ ==> ～なきゃ
You'll see this form much more becuase negative conditional can also be used to express obligations.
Expressing Obligations: must/have to do～
Verb Negative Conditional + いけない / ならない = must/have to
Adjective Negative Conditional + いけない / ならない = someone/thing is expected to be a certain way
[ex: 明日は早く起きなければならないんです。/I have to get up early tomorrow.]
Adjective/Verb Negative Stem + なくては ならない / いけない is another way to express the same thing.
This is where the colloquial form comes in:
読まなければなりません ==> 読まなきゃ by itself OR 読まなきゃ + いけない / だめ
いけません
～ば + いい = expresses suggestions or the speaker's hope
[ex: 試験があるから、勉強すればいいですよ。/Since I have an exam, it's a good idea to study.]
[ex:: パン屋に好きなケーキがあればいいね。 /I hope the bakery has my favorite cake OR It'd be nice if the bakery has my favorite cake.]
～ば + いいのに = when speaker wishes soemthing that can never happen in reality
いいんだけど
いいんですが
[ex: 明日出かけなけりゃならないから、晴れればいいんだけど、雨が降りそうね。 /It would be nice if it cleared up, since I have to go out tomorrow, but it looks like rain.]
～ば + よっかた = expressing regret for doing or not doing something, "I wish I had ～"/ "It would have been better if ～"
Colloquial/Casual Form:
Now I'm going to be a little lazy and skim over the affirmative conditional colloquial abbreviations. I haven't really heard them used that much (correct me if I'm wrong). I'll only give the verbs
～る Verbs
れは ==> りゃ
食べれは ==> 食べりゃ
～う Verbs
eba ==> iya
書けば ==> 書きゃ
What you're much more likely to hear is this:
Colloquial Form, Negative Conditional:
All Negative Conditional Parts of Speech
～なければ ==> ～なきゃ
You'll see this form much more becuase negative conditional can also be used to express obligations.
Expressing Obligations: must/have to do～
Verb Negative Conditional + いけない / ならない = must/have to
Adjective Negative Conditional + いけない / ならない = someone/thing is expected to be a certain way
[ex: 明日は早く起きなければならないんです。/I have to get up early tomorrow.]
Adjective/Verb Negative Stem + なくては ならない / いけない is another way to express the same thing.
This is where the colloquial form comes in:
読まなければなりません ==> 読まなきゃ by itself OR 読まなきゃ + いけない / だめ
いけません