... qui ne valoyent gueres ...
Филипп де Коммин, по переводу Ю.П. Малинина.
Форново. Войско итальянцев.
Все в доспехах, с плюмажами, длинными копьями и в сопровождении многочисленных конных арбалетчиков, стратиотов и пехотинцев, они с правого берега перешли на левый, чтобы ударить нам в хвост.
Французы собирают копья итальянских латников.
Как только наши лошади немного отдохнули, мы тронулись крупной рысью обратно, возвращаясь к королю, хотя не знали, где он находится. Но, едва отъехав, мы увидели его вдалеке и тогда велели нашим слугам спешиться и собрать на поле копья, которых там было предостаточно, особенно с толстыми деревянными древками, которые, правда, немногого стоили, ибо были полыми и легкими, весившими менее метательного копья, но зато красиво украшенными; так что мы оказались снабжены копьями лучше, чем утром.
По изданию 1552 года. Тут и тут.
"Красивые бурдонасы"...
Бурдонасы, не стоят многого, так как полые/выдолбленные и легкие, весят не больше жавлена, но красиво расписанные.
"Жавлен"/"дротик" в данном случае - скорее легкое кавалерийское копье. Обычно их таскали кутилье, но могли и жандармы - вот и вот. Вообще - идем сюда и ищем по словам "ордонанс" и "жавлен". =)
Еще.
Most of the surviving jousting lances are solid pine. These include agroup of various types at the Hofjagd - und Rüstkammer, Vienna (Inv.nos. B.1 (analysed and found to be spruce[4]) B.8. B.13, B.15, B.50, B.84, B.130; and a lance for the Gestech at the Bayerisches Nationalmuseum, Munich (Inv. no. W1083). However, a notion persists, which much be addressed, that lances employed in the joust were made hollow in orderto cause them to break with ease. This myth appears to originate largely with three magnificent and extremely rare lances, richly decorated in gold, dating from the reign of King Henry VIII and now in the collectionof the Royal Armouries (Inv. nos. VII.550-1 and .634). They are of a remarkable size, the largest being an enormous 436 cm long and weighing 9.1kg, despite being hollow. Their hollowness has often been taken as evidence that jousting lances were routinely made in this way; to lighten them and allow them to break safely and easily. While this explanation sounds convincing, it is wrong. Making hollow lances is difficult, time-consuming, and expensive, and thus quite impractical for a jousting culture which required mass-production, with individual events often requiring hundreds of lances. Furthermore, the Royal Armouries lances are needlessly and unreasonably large, at least from a practical jousting point of view. Regardless of the fact that their hollowness somewhat reduces their still considerable weight, making it possible simply to carrythem, their massiveness makes them excessively unwieldy. It is much more likely that this trio of huge objects represent the lance equivalent of the equally over-large (but purely ceremonial and non-functional) bearing swords that played a central role in royal ceremonies throughout the Middle Ages and Renaissance. It is almost certainly more correct to regard the Royal Armouries examples as ‘bearing lances’, carried onto the field aspart of the spectacle and pageantry that accompanied and complimented the combats in Tudor jousts and tournaments. The revels accounts of thereign of Henry VIII refer to these huge costume accessories as ‘great spears’ or ‘boordons’. In a joust at Greenwich on 7 July, 1517, held toentertain visiting Flemish diplomats, Nicholas Carew appeared in the guise of ‘the Blue Knight’ and, as the revels accounts state, ‘ran with the great boordon’. This seems to have been a solo act performed by Carew, assome kind of parade or riding demonstration, perhaps even running at thering, rather than a joust. No one else, armed with a similar weapon, seems to have been involved. Philippe de Commines, an important eyewitness to many significant events in French history during the late fifteenth century, states that at the battle of Fornovo in 1495 (at which he was present), many of the Italian men-at-arms opposing the invading French forces were armed with colourful lances that he calls ‘bourdonasses’ - undoubtedly something similar to the Tudor ‘boordon’. After the Italians were defeated, with 3500 Italians laying dead on the field, Commines tells us that their lances “… lay very thick upon the field, and especially the bourdonasses; but they were good for nothing, for they were hollow and light, and weighed no more than a javelin, yet they were finely painted.”
It would appear than that a ‘boordon’ or ‘bourdonasse’ was specifically a lance that was hollow and gorgeously decorated, although why the Italians chose to carry such flimsy weapons into battle is not clear. Exactly how they were used in jousts and tournaments is also unclear. There remains no definite evidence that they were ever used to strike opponents in the joust.
Вот один из упоминаемых лансов. VII.551
Overall length: 2815 mm (9 ft 2 in), (or 4220mm - needs to be checked) Weight: 4.7 kg (10 lb 4 oz)
Еще один образец (без нормальной датировки) - VII.1823.
Overall length: 3537 mm (139.25 in), length of head: 146 mm (5.75 in) Weight: 1.531 kilos (3 lb 6 oz)
Еще один образец - VII.550.
С размерами не очень понятно, в описании их аж два сразу...
- Overall length: 4360 mm (172 in), max diameter: 200mm (8 in) Weight: 9.1 kg (20 lb).
- At 4.36 metres long and weighing 8.87 kilogrammes, it is much heavier than most other surviving lances of the period.
До кучи - дюреров "Всадник" 1498 года. У всадника или демиланс, или шаффлин/жавлен.
Rogier van der Weyden. Saint George and the Dragon (ca. 1432/1435)
P.S. Antonio Santosuosso. Anatomy of Defeat in Renaissance Italy: The Battle of Fornovo in 1495 // The International History Review. Vol. 16, No. 2 (May, 1994), pp. 221-250