The FP Top 100 Global Thinkers
Foreign Policy pasaulio intelektualų šimtukas šiemet kiek užtruko. Iki šiol buvo kažkur pavasariop arba vasaros pradžioje, dabar - tik prieš Kalėdas. Gal tai liudija šiokį tokį pasimetimą ir sumaištį globalioje proto talpoje. Ir dabar tas sąrašas, na bent jau pirmasis dvidešimtukas iš pirmo žvilgsnio labai prieštaringas. Finansų krizė, Obama, klimato kaita, JAV karinės operacijos pasaulyje - neabejotina šios dienos "laikraštiena". P ar tuos veikėjus kas prisimins po dvidešimties metų - pažiūrėsim. Ypač Clintoną su Clintoniene, kuriai jau dabar priekaištaujama, kad būtent intelektualaus požiūrio į JAV užsienio politiką labiausiai ir trūksta.
Džiaugiuosi, kad TOP 100 atsirado vietos bent dviem Rytų europiečiams: Vaclavui Havelui ir Adamui Michnikui. Pastarajam ten - seniai vieta. Gazeta Wyborcza - neabejotinas reiškinys visoje Rytų Europoje. Ko gero kito tokio reiškinio, kada iš rinkimų laikraštėlio išauga svarbiausias intelekto prasme šalies leidinys, nėra ne tik Lietuvoje, bet ir kitose iš komunizmo išsivadavusiose šalyse.
http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2009/11/30/the_fp_top_100_global_thinkers
1. Ben Bernanke
CHAIRMAN, FEDERAL RESERVE | WASHINGTON
2. Barack Obama
for reimagining America’s role in the world.
PRESIDENT | WASHINGTON
3. Zahra Rahnavard
for being the brains behind Iran’s Green Revolution and the campaign of her husband, opposition leader Mir Hossein Mousavi.
POLITICAL SCIENTIST AND REFORMER | IRAN
4. Nouriel Roubini
for accurately forecasting the global financial pandemic.
ECONOMIST | NEW YORK UNIVERSITY | NEW YORK
5. Rajendra Pachauri
for ending the debate over whether climate change matters.
CHAIRMAN, INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE | INDIA
6. Bill Clinton
for redefining philanthropy in the modern era.
FORMER PRESIDENT | WILLIAM J. CLINTON FOUNDATION | NEW YORK
7. Cass Sunstein and Richard Thaler
for taking behavioralism from niche to necessary.
WHITE HOUSE POLICY ADVISOR | WASHINGTON
ECONOMIST | UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO | CHICAGO
8. David Petraeus
for reshaping the way the U.S. military goes to war.
COMMANDER, CENTRAL COMMAND | TAMPA, FLA.
9. Zhou Xiaochuan
for reminding the world that we can’t take the dollar for granted.
GOVERNOR, PEOPLE’S BANK OF CHINA | CHINA
10. Sayyid Imam al-Sharif
for striking a mortal ideological blow to al Qaeda.
THEOLOGIAN | PRISONER | EGYPT
11. Fernando Henrique Cardoso
for calling the war on drugs what it is: a disaster.
FORMER PRESIDENT | BRAZIL
12. Bill Gates
for taking the efficiency of Microsoft to the poorest of the poor.
PHILANTHROPIST | BILL AND MELINDA GATES FOUNDATION | SEATTLE
13. Dick Cheney
for his full-throated defense of American power.
FORMER VICE PRESIDENT | WASHINGTON
14. Larry Summers
for being the brains behind Obama’s economic policy.
CHIEF WHITE HOUSE ECONOMICS ADVISOR | WASHINGTON
15. Martin Wolf
for being the dean of financial columnists.
COLUMNIST | FINANCIAL TIMES | BRITAIN
16. Mohamed El-Erian
for his unparalleled knowledge of global finance.
BOND INVESTOR | PIMCO | NEWPORT BEACH, CALIF.
17. Benedict XVI
for showing that even the supposedly infallible can change.
POPE | CATHOLIC CHURCH | VATICAN CITY
18. Richard Dawkins
for his unceasing advocacy on behalf of science.
SOCIOBIOLOGIST | OXFORD UNIVERSITY | BRITAIN
19. Malcolm Gladwell
for rethinking how we think about thinkers.
JOURNALIST | NEW YORKER | NEW YORK
20. Ashraf Ghani and Clare Lockhart
for having the courage to call out failed states - and then try to fix them.
AFGHAN POLITICAL LEADER | INSTITUTE FOR STATE EFFECTIVENESS | AFGHANISTAN
CEO, INSTITUTE FOR STATE EFFECTIVENESS | WASHINGTON
21. Thomas Friedman
for his genius at popularizing complex ideas.
COLUMNIST | NEW YORK TIMES | BETHESDA, MD.
22. Robert Shiller
for warning us - over and over - about dangerous bubbles.
ECONOMIST | YALE UNIVERSITY | NEW HAVEN, CONN.
23. Vaclav Havel
for four decades of speaking truth to power.
FORMER PRESIDENT | CZECH REPUBLIC
24. Chris Anderson
for bleeding-edge thinking on how the Internet’s marketplace of ideas should work.
EDITOR | WIRED MAGAZINE | BERKELEY, CALIF.
25. Joseph Stiglitz
for relentlessly questioning economic dogma.
ECONOMIST | COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY | NEW YORK
27. Robert Wright
for envisioning a kinder, gentler new “New Atheism.”
JOURNALIST | NEW AMERICA FOUNDATION | PRINCETON, N.J.
28. Elinor Ostrom
for showing us that the global commons isn’t such a tragic place after all.
POLITICAL SCIENTIST | INDIANA UNIVERSITY | BLOOMINGTON, IND.
29. Paul Krugman
for proving that a Nobel Prize winner can also be a prolific pundit and unerringly correct doomsayer.
ECONOMIST | COLUMNIST | PRINCETON UNIVERSITY | NEW YORK TIMES | PRINCETON, N.J.
30. Kofi Annan
for his ceaseless work to create Africa’s Green Revolution.
FORMER U.N. SECRETARY-GENERAL | ALLIANCE FOR A GREEN REVOLUTION IN AFRICA | GHANA
31. Bernard-Henri Lévy
for offering a powerful critique of how Old Europe’s left has failed.
POLITICAL COMMENTATOR | FRANCE
32. Anwar Ibrahim
for challenging the Muslim world to embrace democracy.
OPPOSITION LEADER | PEOPLE’S JUSTICE PARTY | MALAYSIA
33. Robert Zoellick and Dominique Strauss-Kahn
for using the crisis in service of a good cause: helping the world’s poor.
PRESIDENT, WORLD BANK | WASHINGTON // MANAGING DIRECTOR, INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND | WASHINGTON
34. John Holdren and Steven Chu
for putting cutting-edge science back into power.
WHITE HOUSE SCIENCE CZAR | WASHINGTON // ENERGY SECRETARY | PHYSICIST | WASHINGTON
35. Nicholas Stern
for figuring out the costs of climate change and the politics of a solution.
CLIMATE ECONOMIST | LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS | BRITAIN
36. Paul Collier
for showing how the world’s bad guys are keeping the bottom billion down.
ECONOMIST | OXFORD UNIVERSITY | BRITAIN
37. Fareed Zakaria
for defining the limits of American power and convening the smartest public conversation about it.
EDITOR | NEWSWEEK INTERNATIONAL | NEW YORK
38. George Soros
for showing us that billionaires can be thinkers, too.
PHILANTHROPIST AND INVESTOR | OPEN SOCIETY INSTITUTE | NEW YORK
39. Jeffrey D. Sachs
for being the global poor’s most persistent advocate among the global elite.
ECONOMIST | COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY | NEW YORK
39. William Easterly
for raising inconvenient truths about the foreign-aid business.
ECONOMIST | NEW YORK UNIVERSITY | NEW YORK
41. Esther Duflo
for adding quantitative rigor to assessments of foreign aid.
ECONOMIST | MIT | CAMBRIDGE, MASS.
42. Jared Diamond
for helping us understand how societies not only grow, but die.
GEOGRAPHER | UCLA | LOS ANGELES
43. Richard Posner
for his wide-ranging intellectual contributions.
JUDGE | UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO | CHICAGO
44. David Kilcullen
for writing the book on how America fights small wars.
COUNTERINSURGENCY EXPERT | WASHINGTON
45. Abdolkarim Soroush
for pitting his theological might against Iran’s Islamist regime.
RELIGIOUS PHILOSOPHER | INSTITUTE FOR EPISTEMOLOGICAL RESEARCH | IRAN
46. Muhammad Yunus
for proving that the poor are profitable.
ECONOMIST | GRAMEEN BANK | BANGLADESH
47. Christopher Hitchens
for puncturing the received wisdom at every opportunity.
COLUMNIST | VANITY FAIR, SLATE | WASHINGTON
48. Ayaan Hirsi Ali
for her provocative critique of Islam, the religion of her youth.
AUTHOR | AMERICAN ENTERPRISE INSTITUTE | WASHINGTON
49. Tariq Ramadan
for dedicating his life to proving that Europe and Islam are not incompatible.
RELIGIOUS SCHOLAR | SWITZERLAND
50. Nicholas Christakis
for explaining why it’s our friends who define us.
MEDICAL SOCIOLOGIST | HARVARD UNIVERSITY | CAMBRIDGE, MASS.
51. Ahmed Rashid
for his prophetic writing about the global perils of South Asia.
JOURNALIST | PAKISTAN
52. Helene Gayle
for putting HIV/AIDS in its big-picture context.
PHYSICIAN | CARE | PRESIDENTIAL ADVISORY COUNCIL ON HIV/AIDS | ATLANTA, GA
53. Linus Torvalds
for his visionary work on open-source software.
SOFTWARE ENGINEER | PORTLAND, ORE.
54. Tim Berners-Lee
for remaining the patron saint of the Web he created.
COMPUTER SCIENTIST | WORLD WIDE WEB CONSORTIUM | CAMBRIDGE, MASS.
55. Henry Kissinger
for a half-century ruling the U.S. foreign-policy community.
FORMER SECRETARY OF STATE | KISSINGER ASSOCIATES | NEW YORK
56. Niall Ferguson
for his intelligent, incessant questioning of dogma.
HISTORIAN | HARVARD UNIVERSITY | CAMBRIDGE, MASS.
57. Baltasar Garzón
for proving that no dictator is safe.
JUDGE | NATIONAL COURT OF SPAIN | SPAIN
58. Amartya Sen
for showing how democracy prevents famine.
ECONOMIST | HARVARD UNIVERSITY | CAMBRIDGE, MASS.
59. Barbara Ehrenreich
for her relentless efforts to understand the root causes of poverty and inequality.
SOCIAL COMMENTATOR | KEY WEST, FLA.
60. Bruce Bueno de Mesquita
for hitting the bull’s-eye more often than anyone.
POLITICAL SCIENTIST | NEW YORK UNIVERSITY | SAN FRANCISCO
61. Salam Fayyad
for showing how to govern effectively in the middle of a conflict.
PRIME MINISTER | PALESTINIAN NATIONAL AUTHORITY | WEST BANK
62. Xu Zhiyong
for driving the debate in China about citizens’ rights.
LEGAL ACTIVIST | GONGMENG THINK TANK | CHINA
63. Mario Vargas Llosa
for challenging the fiction of socialist utopia.
NOVELIST | PERU
64. Michael Ignatieff
for showing that not all academics are irrelevant.
LIBERAL PARTY LEADER | CANADA
65. Francis Fukuyama
for creating a foreign-policy paradigm that has defined almost two decades of argument.
POLITICAL PHILOSOPHER | JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY | WASHINGTON
66. The Kagan Family (Donald, Robert, Frederick, and Kimberly)
for shaping the debate over Iraq and Afghanistan.
FOREIGN-POLICY COMMENTATORS | YALE UNIVERSITY, WASHINGTON POST, AMERICAN ENTERPRISE INSTITUTE, INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF WAR | NEW HAVEN, CONN.; BELGIUM; WASHINGTON
67. C. Raja Mohan
for his forceful advocacy of India’s rise to great-power status.
POLITICAL SCIENTIST | NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY | SINGAPORE
68. James Hansen
for his pioneering research and advocacy on climate change.
DIRECTOR | NASA GODDARD INSTITUTE FOR SPACE STUDIES | NEW YORK
69. Freeman Dyson
for bringing scientific rigor to climate-change skepticism.
PHYSICIST | INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED STUDY | PRINCETON, N.J.
70. Esther Dyson
for accurately forecasting how the Internet will shape us.
INTERNET ENTREPRENEUR | EDVENTURE HOLDINGS | NEW YORK
71. Ray Kurzweil
for advancing the technology of eternal life.
FUTURIST | NORTH ANDOVER, MASS.
72. Jamais Cascio
for being our moral guide to the future.
FUTURIST | INSTITUTE FOR ETHICS AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES | SAN FRANCISCO
73. Nick Bostrom
for accepting no limits on human potential.
PHILOSOPHER | OXFORD UNIVERSITY | BRITAIN
74. Gordon Brown
for his leadership during the financial crisis.
PRIME MINISTER | BRITAIN
75. Richard Haass
for injecting a necessary note of caution about what is necessary for a superpower at war.
PRESIDENT | COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS | NEW YORK
76. George Ayittey
for pushing policymakers to let Africa help itself.
ECONOMIST | AMERICAN UNIVERSITY | WASHINGTON
77. Amory Lovins
for the intellectual marriage of economics, efficiency, and the environment.
SCIENTIST | ROCKY MOUNTAIN INSTITUTE | SNOWMASS, COLO.
78. Bill McKibben
for making global warming a people’s cause.
ENVIRONMENTALIST | 350.ORG | RIPTON, VT.
79. Anne-Marie Slaughter
for helping transform Foggy Bottom from the inside out.
DIRECTOR, POLICY PLANNING | STATE DEPARTMENT | WASHINGTON
80. Samantha Power
for moving from moral authority to government authority on human rights.
WHITE HOUSE SPECIAL ASSISTANT | NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL | WASHINGTON
81. John Arquilla
for bringing network theory to counterterrorism.
CYBERWAR THEORIST | U.S. NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL | MONTEREY, CALIF.
82. Peter W. Singer
for asking what happens when you remove the human element from war.
MILITARY SCHOLAR | BROOKINGS INSTITUTION | WASHINGTON
83. Paul Farmer
for bringing communities into public health in Haiti and beyond.
MEDICAL ANTHROPOLOGIST | PARTNERS IN HEALTH | CAMBRIDGE, MASS.
84 . Hu Shuli
for persisting in the idea that public accountability is possible even in one-party China.
JOURNALIST | CHINA
85. Jacqueline Novogratz
for helping build a new generation of social entrepreneurs.
DEVELOPMENT ENTREPRENEUR | ACUMEN FUND | NEW YORK
86. Jacques Attali
for defining public intellectual in the country that invented them.
ECONOMIST | FRANCE
87. Karen Armstrong
for advocating a truce in the religion wars.
RELIGIOUS SCHOLAR | BRITAIN
88. Sunita Narain
for giving voice to India’s environmental conscience.
DIRECTOR | CENTRE FOR SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENT | INDIA
89. Adam Michnik
for keeping the flame of anti-Moscow resistance burning in Eastern Europe.
EDITOR | GAZETA WYBORCZA | POLAND
90. Minxin Pei
for reminding us of the dark side of China’s rise.
CHINA SCHOLAR | CLAREMONT MCKENNA COLLEGE | CLAREMONT, CALIF.
91. Willem Buiter
for his maverick commentary on the financial crisis.
ECONOMIST | LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS | BRITAIN
92. Rizal Sukma
for pushing a radical new view of Indonesia’s role in the world.
POLITICAL SCIENTIST | CENTRE FOR STRATEGIC AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES | INDONESIA
93. Martha Nussbaum
for making philosophy matter.
PHILOSOPHER | UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO | CHICAGO
94. David Grossman
for demonstrating how Zionism and pacifism can coexist.
NOVELIST | PEACE ACTIVIST | ISRAEL
95. Enrique Krauze
for championing democracy and common sense in Latin America.
HISTORIAN | NATIONAL COLLEGE | MEXICO
96. Hans Rosling
for boggling our minds with paradigm-shattering data.
PUBLIC HEALTH SCHOLAR | KAROLINSKA INSTITUTE | SWEDEN
97. Valerie Hudson
for showing that gender imbalances have global consequences.
POLITICAL SCIENTIST | BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY | PROVO, UTAH
98. Andrew Mwenda
for fearlessly critiquing government at home and abroad.
EDITOR | THE INDEPENDENT | UGANDA
99. Emily Oster
for her creative research into what really helps the poor.
ECONOMIST | UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO BOOTH SCHOOL OF BUSINESS | CHICAGO
100. Paul Kennedy
for looking ahead to the decline of the American empire.
HISTORIAN | YALE UNIVERSITY | NEW HAVEN, CONN.
Čia 2005 metų versija:
http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=3249
Čia 2007 metų versija:
http://www.infoplease.com/spot/topintellectuals.html
Čia 2008 metų versija:
http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=4314