Ath-Sgrùdadh - Clàsan agus Naisgearan (Ach, Agus, Nuair, Ged, Ma, Mur, Na'n/Na'm)
{Review - Clauses and Conjunctions}
The conjunctions ach and agus are easy to use because they are followed by the statement forms of the verb. TAIC calls these "Group 1 Conjunctions". Another simple or Group 1 conjunction is oir "because" which hasn't been introduced in the lessons yet. As a reminder, the statement forms of the verb A BHITH (to be) are :-- Present - tha & chan eil
Past - bha & chan robh
Future - bidh & cha bhi
Conditional - bhiodh, bhithinn, bhiomaid & cha bhiodh, cha bhithinn, cha bhiomaid
The conjunctions ged, ma and nuair are all followed by a relative clause, which dictates the use of the relative form of the verb. The relative forms of the verb A BHITH are :-- Present - a tha & nach eil
Past - a bha & nach robh
Future - a bhios & nach bi
Conditional - a bhiodh, a bhithinn, a bhiomaid & nach biodh, nach bithinn, nach biomaid
The relative pronoun a can be translated into English as "who", "which", or "that".
The interrogative pronoun cò "who" also required the relative form of the verb. You may have noticed, however, that the relative pronoun is not present in sentences using cò or ma ...Cò tha a' dol? ; Cò bha a' dol? ; Cò bhios a' dol? ; Cò bhiodh a' dol?
Ma tha e a' tighinn, chan eil mise.
Ma bha e a' tighinn, cha robh mise.
Ma bhios e a' tighinn, cha bhi mise.
When the word introducing the relative clause ends in a vowel, the relative pronoun a is "elided" by the preceding vowel; it disappears into the pronunciation of the preceding vowel sound. That's because it's basically a "schwa" or "eh" sound.
You might notice that the conjunction ma is not used in the negative or with the conditional. The meaning "if not" or "unless" is conveyed by the conjunction mur and the conditional "if" by the conjunction na'n / na'm.
The third group contains the conjunctions mur which takes the basic "interrogative" form of the verb. The interrogative forms of the verb A BHITH are :-- Present - a bheil & nach robh
Past - an robh & nach robh
Future - am bi & nach bi
Conditional - am biodh, am bithinn, am biomaid & nach biodh, nach bithinn, nach biomaid
Although I included the negative forms of the basic interrogative of the verb for the sake of the completeness mur is only used with the positive interrogatives because it is a negative conjunction.
Mur eil i a' dol chan eil mise.
Mur an robh ise a' dol chan robh mise.
Mur am biodh iad a' dol chan bhithinnsa.
Mur a bi ise a' dol cha bhi sibhse.
The last conjunction introduced in the lessons to date is Na'n or Na'm (which one is used depends on the first letter of the following verb; for the moment, just memorise when to use each). Na'n/ Na'm is used when the meaning of the sentence is conditional. While it can be used with the past tense of the verb A BHITH; all other verbs following na'n/ na'm MUST be in the conditional mood. Na'n takes the dependent form of the verb. To wit :-- Past - na'n robh
Conditional - na'm biodh/ bithinn/ biomaid
Na'n can used with the verb A BHITH because the past tense of the verb "to be" can be used to convey a conditional meaning in Gaelic, just as it does in English.
Na'n robh mi a' dol cha bhiodh e leis-san. If I were going, it wouldn't be with HIM!
Cuir Gàidhlig air na seantansan a leanas agus sgrìobh iad. Leugh na seantansan a-mach anns a' Ghàidhlig.
1. When they are here tonight, I will be tired.
2. The dog is tired unless he is lame.
3. The man will be at the door when he is ready.
4. When he is slow, I am lazy.
5. They will be hear today even though I was there yesterday.
6. If the lad weren't wet, he would be cold.
7. The dogs will not be cold even though they are wet.
8. This man will be going if HE (esan) is late.
9. That man would be here tonight if he is there this afternoon.
10. When the lad does not go with him, he isn't very late.
Aontaich gach paidhir sheantansan a' cleachdadh aon de na naisgearan - ach, agus, nuair a, ged a, ma, mur, na'n/na'm. {Combine each pair of sentences using one of the conjunctions.}
1. Bha na h-eich mall. Bha na h-eich crùbach.
2. Chan eil iad deas. Cha bhi iad a' dol do'n bhaile.
3. Cha robh an uinneag briste. Cha bhiodh tu an-seo.
4. Cha bhi sinn an-sin an-diugh. Bidh mise ann a-màireach.
5. Cha bhiodh iad a' dol dachaigh. Bhiodh na gillean a' dol do'n bhaile.
6. Bhithinn anns a' bhata. Bhiodh ise an-sin.
7. Bidh i deas. Cha bhi an gille deas.
8. Cha bhi e an-sin a-màireach. Bidh e ann an-earar.
Agus airson a lorg mi gach seantans le naisgear a bha anns an roinnean chun a seo ...
{Also as I found each sentence with a conjunction that was in the sections up to now ...}
57-3. Ged a tha e blàth tha e fliuch.
57-4. Tha an t-each crùbach ma tha e mall.
57-7. Mur eil an gille fuar tha e fliuch.
57-9. Tha an gille sgìth, ach chan eil e fuar.
58-7. Mur eil an duine fliuch tha e fuar.
58-3. Chan eil, tha e deas, ach chan eil mi (deas).
58-9. Tha an t-each luath, ach tha an cù mall.
58-14. Mur eil an duine an-sin tha an gille an-seo.
58-16. Mur eil an t-each sgìth tha e crùbach.
71-9. Bha na coin luath ach bha iad crùbach.
71-12. Nuair a bha iad an-seo an raoir bha mi sgìth.
71-17. Mur an robh iad an siud an-diugh, bha mise ann an-dè.
71-18. Na'n robh mi mall, bha mi leisg.
72-10. Mur an robh e an-sin an-diugh cha robh e an-sin a-raoir.
72-11. Bha na coin luath ged a bha iad crùbach.
72-14. Thuirt e na'n robh sinn a' dol dachaigh bha e a' dol do'n bhaile.
72-19. Ma bha mi leisg bha e mall.
81-2. Na'm biodh i deas bhithinn-sa.
81-4. Bha an sgian briste ach tha i caillte a-nis.
81-7. Nuair a bha iad òg bhiodh iad anns an sgoil.
81-9. Thuirt e nach biodh e an-sin a-màireach ach gu'm biodh e an-earar.
81-16. Mur bithinn fuar, bhithinn blàth.
81-18. Na'n robh mi an-sin cha bhiodh i briste.
82-1. Ged a bhiodh nan coin an-sin bhiodh iad sgìth.
82-3. Bhiomaid a' dol ged a bhiodh na daoine anmoch.
82-4. Cha bhithinn sgìth ma bhiodh i an-sin.
82-5. Na'm bhithinn an-sin bhithinn blàth.
82-8. Cha bhiodh i briste na'm biodh tu an-sin.
82-13. Nuair a bha iad òg bhiodh iad anns an sgoil.
82-21. Thuirt e gu'm biodh e deas agus gu'm biodh e anns a' bhàta.
93-1. Ged a bhios e anns a' bhaile an-diugh, bidh e anns a' bhàta feasgar.
93-5. Bidh e glè sgìth agus bidh e glè leisg.
93-12. Bidh an tuathanach sin an-sin a-màireach ach bidh an ciobar an-sin an-earar.
93-13. Ma bhios e an-sin a-màireach cha bhi mi an-seo.
93-20. Mur bi iad deas air ball bidh sinn anmoch.
94-3. Cha bhi e an-seo am feasgar seo, ach bidh e an-seo a-nochd.
94-9. Ma bhios an gille a' dol leis bidh iad glè anmoch.
94-14. Cha bhi an duine a bhios deas leisg.
94-15. Bidh e glè sgìth nuair a bhios e dachaigh.
94-18. Ged a bhios iad anns a' bhàta an-diugh, cha bhi mi an-sin.
94-19. Ma bhios e fliuch am feasgar seo cha bhi sinn a' dol do'n bhaile.
The conjunctions ach and agus are easy to use because they are followed by the statement forms of the verb. TAIC calls these "Group 1 Conjunctions". Another simple or Group 1 conjunction is oir "because" which hasn't been introduced in the lessons yet. As a reminder, the statement forms of the verb A BHITH (to be) are :-- Present - tha & chan eil
Past - bha & chan robh
Future - bidh & cha bhi
Conditional - bhiodh, bhithinn, bhiomaid & cha bhiodh, cha bhithinn, cha bhiomaid
The conjunctions ged, ma and nuair are all followed by a relative clause, which dictates the use of the relative form of the verb. The relative forms of the verb A BHITH are :-- Present - a tha & nach eil
Past - a bha & nach robh
Future - a bhios & nach bi
Conditional - a bhiodh, a bhithinn, a bhiomaid & nach biodh, nach bithinn, nach biomaid
The relative pronoun a can be translated into English as "who", "which", or "that".
The interrogative pronoun cò "who" also required the relative form of the verb. You may have noticed, however, that the relative pronoun is not present in sentences using cò or ma ...Cò tha a' dol? ; Cò bha a' dol? ; Cò bhios a' dol? ; Cò bhiodh a' dol?
Ma tha e a' tighinn, chan eil mise.
Ma bha e a' tighinn, cha robh mise.
Ma bhios e a' tighinn, cha bhi mise.
When the word introducing the relative clause ends in a vowel, the relative pronoun a is "elided" by the preceding vowel; it disappears into the pronunciation of the preceding vowel sound. That's because it's basically a "schwa" or "eh" sound.
You might notice that the conjunction ma is not used in the negative or with the conditional. The meaning "if not" or "unless" is conveyed by the conjunction mur and the conditional "if" by the conjunction na'n / na'm.
The third group contains the conjunctions mur which takes the basic "interrogative" form of the verb. The interrogative forms of the verb A BHITH are :-- Present - a bheil & nach robh
Past - an robh & nach robh
Future - am bi & nach bi
Conditional - am biodh, am bithinn, am biomaid & nach biodh, nach bithinn, nach biomaid
Although I included the negative forms of the basic interrogative of the verb for the sake of the completeness mur is only used with the positive interrogatives because it is a negative conjunction.
Mur eil i a' dol chan eil mise.
Mur an robh ise a' dol chan robh mise.
Mur am biodh iad a' dol chan bhithinnsa.
Mur a bi ise a' dol cha bhi sibhse.
The last conjunction introduced in the lessons to date is Na'n or Na'm (which one is used depends on the first letter of the following verb; for the moment, just memorise when to use each). Na'n/ Na'm is used when the meaning of the sentence is conditional. While it can be used with the past tense of the verb A BHITH; all other verbs following na'n/ na'm MUST be in the conditional mood. Na'n takes the dependent form of the verb. To wit :-- Past - na'n robh
Conditional - na'm biodh/ bithinn/ biomaid
Na'n can used with the verb A BHITH because the past tense of the verb "to be" can be used to convey a conditional meaning in Gaelic, just as it does in English.
Na'n robh mi a' dol cha bhiodh e leis-san. If I were going, it wouldn't be with HIM!
Cuir Gàidhlig air na seantansan a leanas agus sgrìobh iad. Leugh na seantansan a-mach anns a' Ghàidhlig.
1. When they are here tonight, I will be tired.
2. The dog is tired unless he is lame.
3. The man will be at the door when he is ready.
4. When he is slow, I am lazy.
5. They will be hear today even though I was there yesterday.
6. If the lad weren't wet, he would be cold.
7. The dogs will not be cold even though they are wet.
8. This man will be going if HE (esan) is late.
9. That man would be here tonight if he is there this afternoon.
10. When the lad does not go with him, he isn't very late.
Aontaich gach paidhir sheantansan a' cleachdadh aon de na naisgearan - ach, agus, nuair a, ged a, ma, mur, na'n/na'm. {Combine each pair of sentences using one of the conjunctions.}
1. Bha na h-eich mall. Bha na h-eich crùbach.
2. Chan eil iad deas. Cha bhi iad a' dol do'n bhaile.
3. Cha robh an uinneag briste. Cha bhiodh tu an-seo.
4. Cha bhi sinn an-sin an-diugh. Bidh mise ann a-màireach.
5. Cha bhiodh iad a' dol dachaigh. Bhiodh na gillean a' dol do'n bhaile.
6. Bhithinn anns a' bhata. Bhiodh ise an-sin.
7. Bidh i deas. Cha bhi an gille deas.
8. Cha bhi e an-sin a-màireach. Bidh e ann an-earar.
Agus airson a lorg mi gach seantans le naisgear a bha anns an roinnean chun a seo ...
{Also as I found each sentence with a conjunction that was in the sections up to now ...}
57-3. Ged a tha e blàth tha e fliuch.
57-4. Tha an t-each crùbach ma tha e mall.
57-7. Mur eil an gille fuar tha e fliuch.
57-9. Tha an gille sgìth, ach chan eil e fuar.
58-7. Mur eil an duine fliuch tha e fuar.
58-3. Chan eil, tha e deas, ach chan eil mi (deas).
58-9. Tha an t-each luath, ach tha an cù mall.
58-14. Mur eil an duine an-sin tha an gille an-seo.
58-16. Mur eil an t-each sgìth tha e crùbach.
71-9. Bha na coin luath ach bha iad crùbach.
71-12. Nuair a bha iad an-seo an raoir bha mi sgìth.
71-17. Mur an robh iad an siud an-diugh, bha mise ann an-dè.
71-18. Na'n robh mi mall, bha mi leisg.
72-10. Mur an robh e an-sin an-diugh cha robh e an-sin a-raoir.
72-11. Bha na coin luath ged a bha iad crùbach.
72-14. Thuirt e na'n robh sinn a' dol dachaigh bha e a' dol do'n bhaile.
72-19. Ma bha mi leisg bha e mall.
81-2. Na'm biodh i deas bhithinn-sa.
81-4. Bha an sgian briste ach tha i caillte a-nis.
81-7. Nuair a bha iad òg bhiodh iad anns an sgoil.
81-9. Thuirt e nach biodh e an-sin a-màireach ach gu'm biodh e an-earar.
81-16. Mur bithinn fuar, bhithinn blàth.
81-18. Na'n robh mi an-sin cha bhiodh i briste.
82-1. Ged a bhiodh nan coin an-sin bhiodh iad sgìth.
82-3. Bhiomaid a' dol ged a bhiodh na daoine anmoch.
82-4. Cha bhithinn sgìth ma bhiodh i an-sin.
82-5. Na'm bhithinn an-sin bhithinn blàth.
82-8. Cha bhiodh i briste na'm biodh tu an-sin.
82-13. Nuair a bha iad òg bhiodh iad anns an sgoil.
82-21. Thuirt e gu'm biodh e deas agus gu'm biodh e anns a' bhàta.
93-1. Ged a bhios e anns a' bhaile an-diugh, bidh e anns a' bhàta feasgar.
93-5. Bidh e glè sgìth agus bidh e glè leisg.
93-12. Bidh an tuathanach sin an-sin a-màireach ach bidh an ciobar an-sin an-earar.
93-13. Ma bhios e an-sin a-màireach cha bhi mi an-seo.
93-20. Mur bi iad deas air ball bidh sinn anmoch.
94-3. Cha bhi e an-seo am feasgar seo, ach bidh e an-seo a-nochd.
94-9. Ma bhios an gille a' dol leis bidh iad glè anmoch.
94-14. Cha bhi an duine a bhios deas leisg.
94-15. Bidh e glè sgìth nuair a bhios e dachaigh.
94-18. Ged a bhios iad anns a' bhàta an-diugh, cha bhi mi an-sin.
94-19. Ma bhios e fliuch am feasgar seo cha bhi sinn a' dol do'n bhaile.