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Apr 15, 2010 21:39


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Today's ODNB Life of the Day::
Freund, Ida (1863-1914), chemist, was born on 15 April 1863 in Austria; the names of her parents are unknown. Orphaned when she was very young, she was brought up by her maternal grandparents in Vienna. During her youth she lost a leg as a result of a cycling accident and the disease that followed. The artificial leg that replaced it was never very satisfactory. Throughout her life she moved about by means of a tricycle worked with her arms.
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Freund soon became a naturalized British subject and her sympathies and interests became very English, although she still felt an affection for her native Austria. At the suggestion of Lady Goldsmid she entered Girton College, Cambridge, in 1882, taking the natural science tripos in 1885 and 1886 and gaining first-class honours in both parts. The second part of her tripos was in chemistry. Considering that she started with only a schoolgirl's knowledge of English and with no understanding of Greek or Latin, and little if any of Euclid and the required algebra, it is a great tribute to her intelligence and diligence that she passed the required examinations within the prescribed time and obtained first-class honours.
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Although she undertook original research in physical chemistry, Ida Freund is best-known for her interest in science education, and in particular for improving science teaching in girls' schools. Her two excellent chemistry textbooks show both the breadth of her knowledge and her ability to present it in an understandable way to students.
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She strongly opposed the movement to introduce domestic science teaching in girls' schools as a substitute for fundamental scientific education. Her views were expressed in a paper to a conference on domestic science in secondary schools for girls in 1911, in which she argued that to treat these practical ‘arts’ as a branch of science would cause girls to acquire only a superficial level of knowledge, and would lead to a lowering of the standard of women's intellectual work.
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Although her sense of humour became legendary, first-year students were terrorized by her sharp rebukes for silly mistakes. They soon realized, however, that she had nothing but their best interests at heart. Immediately before the all-important tripos examination she would summon her chemistry students and require them to do a special study. In 1907 she suggested that her students go to the laboratory and study the lives of famous chemists. When they arrived they found large boxes of chocolates with a different life history and picture of a famous chemist in each. In another year they were to make a further study of the periodic table. They found a large periodic table set out in the laboratory. This table, however, differed from the ordinary periodic table: the elements were iced cakes, each with its name and atomic weight in icing. The numbers were made of chocolate...
Freund strongly supported the women's suffrage movement and left a generous amount in her will to the Women's University Settlement in Southwark. She had other interests in addition to teaching. She was an excellent housekeeper, deft at knitting, crocheting, and sewing, and a fine cook. She liked to travel, was interested in political questions, and loved literature. Gardening was another of her interests and afforded her great pleasure.

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