фонетика древнегреческого языка

[klausnick]

1.2. The sound system.

Labials          
Dentals
Palato-velars

Voiceless:
π        
           τ        
           κ

Voiced:
β        
           δ        
           γ

Aspirated, voiceless:      
φ        
           θ        
           χ

Fricative:

ς

Nasals:          
μ        
           ν        
           ν (spelled γ before γ or κ)

Vowels:

ι

υ

ε

ο

α

ῑ

ῡ

η
ᾱ
ω

Diphthongs:               ει αι οι υι                    ευ αυ ηυ ου

Classical Greek had a musical accent. There are three such accents. Vowels marked with oxia (e.g., ά) had high pitch; those with varia (e.g., ὰ) had a low or falling pitch; those marked with perispomeni (e.g., ᾶ) had rising and falling pitch.

The place of the accent is determined chiefly by the quality of the last syllable; exceptions will be noted later. If the last syllable is short and the accent is an oxia, it can fall on the third syllable from the end of a word. If it is short, and the second last vowel is long, it may have perispomeni accent. If it is long, the second last syllable can only have oxia accent. In monosyllables the final vowel has oxia accent if it is short, a perispomeni if long. The varia accent replaces a final oxia accent before words beginning with a consonant.