history
Kim Cuciniello
Mr. Bivona
Period 1
The Market Revolution
1) U.S. Markets Expand
a. The Entrepreneurial Spirit
i. Specialization- in farming the raising of one or two crops for sale rather than a variety of foods for personal use
ii. Family members sold candles, made clothes, sold eggs or butter for cash which they then used to purchase coffee, tea, sugar, and horseshoes
iii. Market Revolution- The major change in the U.S. economy produced by people’s beginning to buy and sell goods rather than make them for themselves
iv. Capitalism- an economic system in which private individuals and corporations control the means of production and use them to earn profits
v. Entrepreneurs - a person who uses his or her own money to create a new business
b. Impact On Household Economy
i. While entrepreneurial activity boosted America’s industrial output, American agriculture continued to flourish
ii. American farmers began to use mechanized farm equipment to meet the requirements for food needed in the industrial cities
iii. Manufactured items became less expensive as technological advances became more popular
2) Inventions and Improvements
a. Shoes and Sewing Machines
i. Inventors began to invented things that would be practical and make life easier and more comfortable for people
ii. Goodyear developed vulcanized rubber in 1839 which was better then India rubber which froze in the winter and melted in the summer
iii. Clothing was one of the most important products to the American economy and the sewing machine was invented to help boost production Elias Howe in 1846 patented the sewing machine
b. Instant Communication
i. Samuel F. B. Morse- a new England artist and inventor who created the telegraph
ii. Telegraph- a device for the electrical transmission of coded messages over wires
iii. The telegraph was important to the growing production of communication devices that allowed people in different places to get in touch faster
c. The Transportation Revolution
i. Better and faster transportation become more and more important to the people of American in the late 1800s
ii. Railroads were one of the most popular ways of travel during theses times
iii. The steamboat was a popular way of transportation by water it was particularly important in moving raw materials such as lead and copper and heavy machinery
d. Emergence of Railroads
i. Many people decided to used railroad other than water transportation because it became cheaper and it also was able to bring goods to people who did not live by water
ii. Railroads grew safe and more reliable and the cost of rail freight gradually became lower and lower
3) New Markets Link Regions
a. Northeast Shipping and Manufacturing
i.
b. Midwest Farming
i. John Deere- a blacksmith in 1837 that invented the steel plow which enabled farmers to replace their oxen with horses
ii. Cyrus McCormick- an inventor who invented the mechanical reaper which permitted the farmer to do the work of five men at once
c. Southern Agriculture
Manifest Destiny
1) The frontier lures settlers
a. American Mission
i. Manifest Destiny- the 19th century belief that the United States would inevitably expand westward to the Pacific Ocean and into Mexican territory
b. Attitudes Toward the Frontier
2) Settlers and Native Americans
a. The Black Hawk War
b. Relations on the Middle Ground
c. Fort Laramie Treaty
3) Trails West
a. The Santa Fe Trail
i. Santa Fe Trail- a route from Independence, Missouri to Santa Fe, New Mexico used by traders in the early and mid 1800’s
b. The Oregon Trail
i. Oregon Trail- a route form Independence, Missouri to Portland, Oregon used by pioneers traveling to the Oregon Territory
c. The Mormon Migration
i. Mormons- a member of a church founded by Joseph Smith and his associates in 1830
ii. Joseph Smith- the man who founded the religion of Mormons, he claimed he found a book, ”written upon golden plates” which was a message from god
iii. Brigham Young- the successor of Joseph smith who took on the role of leader after Smith’s death he moved the Mormons towards the Western Territory near Nebraska
d. Resolving Territorial Disputes
i. “Fifty-Four Forty or Fight”- a slogan used in the 1844 presidential campaign as a call for the U.S. annexation of the entire Oregon Territory
Mr. Bivona
Period 1
The Market Revolution
1) U.S. Markets Expand
a. The Entrepreneurial Spirit
i. Specialization- in farming the raising of one or two crops for sale rather than a variety of foods for personal use
ii. Family members sold candles, made clothes, sold eggs or butter for cash which they then used to purchase coffee, tea, sugar, and horseshoes
iii. Market Revolution- The major change in the U.S. economy produced by people’s beginning to buy and sell goods rather than make them for themselves
iv. Capitalism- an economic system in which private individuals and corporations control the means of production and use them to earn profits
v. Entrepreneurs - a person who uses his or her own money to create a new business
b. Impact On Household Economy
i. While entrepreneurial activity boosted America’s industrial output, American agriculture continued to flourish
ii. American farmers began to use mechanized farm equipment to meet the requirements for food needed in the industrial cities
iii. Manufactured items became less expensive as technological advances became more popular
2) Inventions and Improvements
a. Shoes and Sewing Machines
i. Inventors began to invented things that would be practical and make life easier and more comfortable for people
ii. Goodyear developed vulcanized rubber in 1839 which was better then India rubber which froze in the winter and melted in the summer
iii. Clothing was one of the most important products to the American economy and the sewing machine was invented to help boost production Elias Howe in 1846 patented the sewing machine
b. Instant Communication
i. Samuel F. B. Morse- a new England artist and inventor who created the telegraph
ii. Telegraph- a device for the electrical transmission of coded messages over wires
iii. The telegraph was important to the growing production of communication devices that allowed people in different places to get in touch faster
c. The Transportation Revolution
i. Better and faster transportation become more and more important to the people of American in the late 1800s
ii. Railroads were one of the most popular ways of travel during theses times
iii. The steamboat was a popular way of transportation by water it was particularly important in moving raw materials such as lead and copper and heavy machinery
d. Emergence of Railroads
i. Many people decided to used railroad other than water transportation because it became cheaper and it also was able to bring goods to people who did not live by water
ii. Railroads grew safe and more reliable and the cost of rail freight gradually became lower and lower
3) New Markets Link Regions
a. Northeast Shipping and Manufacturing
i.
b. Midwest Farming
i. John Deere- a blacksmith in 1837 that invented the steel plow which enabled farmers to replace their oxen with horses
ii. Cyrus McCormick- an inventor who invented the mechanical reaper which permitted the farmer to do the work of five men at once
c. Southern Agriculture
Manifest Destiny
1) The frontier lures settlers
a. American Mission
i. Manifest Destiny- the 19th century belief that the United States would inevitably expand westward to the Pacific Ocean and into Mexican territory
b. Attitudes Toward the Frontier
2) Settlers and Native Americans
a. The Black Hawk War
b. Relations on the Middle Ground
c. Fort Laramie Treaty
3) Trails West
a. The Santa Fe Trail
i. Santa Fe Trail- a route from Independence, Missouri to Santa Fe, New Mexico used by traders in the early and mid 1800’s
b. The Oregon Trail
i. Oregon Trail- a route form Independence, Missouri to Portland, Oregon used by pioneers traveling to the Oregon Territory
c. The Mormon Migration
i. Mormons- a member of a church founded by Joseph Smith and his associates in 1830
ii. Joseph Smith- the man who founded the religion of Mormons, he claimed he found a book, ”written upon golden plates” which was a message from god
iii. Brigham Young- the successor of Joseph smith who took on the role of leader after Smith’s death he moved the Mormons towards the Western Territory near Nebraska
d. Resolving Territorial Disputes
i. “Fifty-Four Forty or Fight”- a slogan used in the 1844 presidential campaign as a call for the U.S. annexation of the entire Oregon Territory