Потом в магазине «Адели» в окне манекены зажглись
Об американском Дне благодарения, празднуемом сегодня, я впервые узнала - как, наверное, и многие из вас - из рассказа О. Генри. Помните? «У меня будет пурпурное платье ко Дню благодарения - шью у портного». Всего несколько страниц, но как они написаны! «Вот почему Мэйда - девушка с большими карими глазами и волосами цвета корицы <...> обратилась к ( Read more... )
Savvy retailers like Harry Gordon Selfridge and Rowland Hussey Macy made these stores a seeming extension of the home in order to assure women that shopping there would not harm their reputations. Staffed largely by women, the stores featured luxurious but homelike furnishings like carpets, lounge chairs and comfortable private dressing rooms. Prices were fixed, so women were not expected to haggle or, in some cases, even handle money. The stores were staffed with security guards and became, in the words of Boston department store owner Edward Filene, an “Adam-less Eden.”
Retailers soon realized that the more homelike the atmosphere, the more likely a woman was to linger. In response, they outfitted their stores like plush extensions of the home. The Emporium in San Francisco, for example, contained a nursery, an emergency room, a post office, a beauty parlor and a library. Marshall Field’s in Chicago had a full-scale information bureau and featured multiple places for women to dine and take tea. And separate smoking rooms and even entrances offered men a place to enjoy themselves without disturbing or endangering the women within.
Shopping soon became a popular way for women to get out of the house. Retail palaces had big plate glass windows with rotating displays and window shopping was born. Suddenly, it was socially acceptable for women to be out on the street. Restaurants and theaters that once were closed to women realized that shopping women could be customers, too. They began catering to women and even offered alcohol to drink-an innovation that did away with another social taboo. More women began to use public transportation, frequent hotel lobbies and even go to banks.
https://www.history.com/news/how-19th-century-women-used-department-stores-to-gain-their-freedom
Но ныне мы понимаем, что отношения между экономическими и политическими свободами более сложные. В Саудовской Аравии есть все те же западные магазины, включая целые охраняемые этажи с продавщицами, где женщины могут снять паранджи и быть в своей компании. Но до политического равноправия там пока далеко.
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Историк Маргарет Макмиллан:
"Another paradox of war is that sometimes war has benefitted particular civilian groups. It benefitted women like Nella Last, the housewife who lived just north of Liverpool. It benefitted her because she felt freer to express her own opinions; she got out of the house; she felt that she had a purpose. It benefitted women in groups. Women were given the vote in many European countries as a result of their war work in the First World War. In fact the British government gave a lot of women, women over 30 - they didn’t think younger women could be trusted with the vote - but women over 30 got the vote even before the First World War had ended because it was recognised they had played such an important part in making the war effort possible."
https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0b9249f
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