An EtherChannel is a way to use multiple physical interfaces as a single logical one. That logical one appears as a single interface to MAC table, STP and management plane. That solves two main concerns: it adds bandwidth and it prevents STP from considering several parallel links a loop, thus preventing it from being blocked.
ethernet,
ccie,
lag,
pagp,
stp,
basics,
switching,
lacp,
cisco,
l2