Анатолийские земледельцы отдаленно похожи на современных сардинцев.
Я честно говоря сильно не вдавался, что там в неолите Туркмении. Туркменские неолитический образец отсюда https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monjukli_Depe В статье, откуда образец, указано следующее:
Monjukly Depe. Settlement.
Elizaveta V. Veselovskaya and Vasilyev Sergey
An ancient Neolithic settlement on the left bank of the Tejen River (South Turkmenistan) was
discovered in 1960 by archaeologist A.A. Marushchenko. Excavations were also carried out
1961 by Berdiev and 2010-2014 by Bernbeck & Pollock. Datings range ca 6000-5650 cal BC
and 4800-4350 cal BC millennium BC which corresponds to the Jeyton and Anau I A
cultures, i.e. Neolithic and Eneolithic
268
. The Eneolithic settlement arose on the ruins of the
village of the Jeytun culture
269
. Ceramics of the late stage of the Jeytun culture, silicon drills
and scrapers were found, although microplates predominate, and there are also many
copper products.
The location is important for establishing regional chronology because here the Chalcolithic
layers follow the Neolithic layers. However, in 2010 subsequent excavations revealed a long
break in settlement between the end of the Neolithic settlement (layers XV, 6200-5600 BC)
and the Chalcolithic migration (layers IV-I, 4650-4340 BC). Based on this, the "Mean horizon"
was defined here, which, apparently, is limited to the Kaka region in Turkmenistan and
precedes the phase IA of the Anau culture. Layers IV-I were excavated over a large area.
They contain standard houses with a square layout and columns in the middle of the rooms.
In the upper two layers, a closed open space was discovered, in which, judging by the
animal bones found here, banquets took place. In the lowest layer IV, a house was found
with a wall painting depicting two people, also with some abstract patterns. The inhabitants
of the Monzhukli depots lived by cattle breeding and agriculture. Among herd animals, sheep
and goats predominated. Cattle, as well as their skulls, played an important role at feasts. As
for wild animals, the remains of gazelles and onagers were found. Barley and wheat played
an important role in arable farming, and analyses potentially indicated simple irrigation. Very
280
little pottery was produced in the Chalcolithic Monzhukli Depe. On a general level, there are
ceramic parallels to the Sialk II/Ceshme Ali horizon of the Iranian highlands.
A burial ground was found with seven buried, whose bones are partially covered with ocher.
Two of them are head-oriented to the north-west, the rest to the north and northeast. The
anthropological type of the buried is characterised as the eastern Central Asian
Mediterranean
270
. In the studied population, two anthropological types are distinguished: one
Proto-European with a low and wide face, and the other having southern signs (small
protrusion of the nasal bones, pronounced prognathism), which brings it closer to the South
Неолит был практически везде. Но не везде он связан со сменой или появлением нового населения. И на самом деле не всегда связан с земледелием.
Турменские неолитические люди на анатолийских не похожи.
Reply
Спасибо огромное за таблицу!
Понятно ..
Буду думать ..
2 просьбы имеются:
1. Не могли бы вы дать ссылку, что бы что-нибудь почитать про туркменских неолитчиков?
2. Не могли бы вы сбросить такую же таблицу, но уже про анатолийских земледельцев? Или указать где она имеется.
Можно не спешить - я не тороплюсь. Когда у вас будет свободное время.
Заранее благодарю! 😊
Reply
Анатолийские земледельцы отдаленно похожи на современных сардинцев.
Я честно говоря сильно не вдавался, что там в неолите Туркмении. Туркменские неолитический образец отсюда
https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monjukli_Depe
В статье, откуда образец, указано следующее:
Monjukly Depe. Settlement.
Elizaveta V. Veselovskaya and Vasilyev Sergey
An ancient Neolithic settlement on the left bank of the Tejen River (South Turkmenistan) was
discovered in 1960 by archaeologist A.A. Marushchenko. Excavations were also carried out
1961 by Berdiev and 2010-2014 by Bernbeck & Pollock. Datings range ca 6000-5650 cal BC
and 4800-4350 cal BC millennium BC which corresponds to the Jeyton and Anau I A
cultures, i.e. Neolithic and Eneolithic
268
. The Eneolithic settlement arose on the ruins of the
village of the Jeytun culture
269
. Ceramics of the late stage of the Jeytun culture, silicon drills
and scrapers were found, although microplates predominate, and there are also many
copper products.
The location is important for establishing regional chronology because here the Chalcolithic
layers follow the Neolithic layers. However, in 2010 subsequent excavations revealed a long
break in settlement between the end of the Neolithic settlement (layers XV, 6200-5600 BC)
and the Chalcolithic migration (layers IV-I, 4650-4340 BC). Based on this, the "Mean horizon"
was defined here, which, apparently, is limited to the Kaka region in Turkmenistan and
precedes the phase IA of the Anau culture. Layers IV-I were excavated over a large area.
They contain standard houses with a square layout and columns in the middle of the rooms.
In the upper two layers, a closed open space was discovered, in which, judging by the
animal bones found here, banquets took place. In the lowest layer IV, a house was found
with a wall painting depicting two people, also with some abstract patterns. The inhabitants
of the Monzhukli depots lived by cattle breeding and agriculture. Among herd animals, sheep
and goats predominated. Cattle, as well as their skulls, played an important role at feasts. As
for wild animals, the remains of gazelles and onagers were found. Barley and wheat played
an important role in arable farming, and analyses potentially indicated simple irrigation. Very
280
little pottery was produced in the Chalcolithic Monzhukli Depe. On a general level, there are
ceramic parallels to the Sialk II/Ceshme Ali horizon of the Iranian highlands.
A burial ground was found with seven buried, whose bones are partially covered with ocher.
Two of them are head-oriented to the north-west, the rest to the north and northeast. The
anthropological type of the buried is characterised as the eastern Central Asian
Mediterranean
270
. In the studied population, two anthropological types are distinguished: one
Proto-European with a low and wide face, and the other having southern signs (small
protrusion of the nasal bones, pronounced prognathism), which brings it closer to the South
Indian anthropological type.
Literature: Korobkova 1969
269
; Ginzburg & Trofimova 1972
270
; Bernbeck & Pollock 2016
268
Reply
Огромное вам спасибо за развернутый ответ и за таблицу!
Да .. Теперь наглядно видно, что анатолийцы и туркмены очень разные по происхождению ..
Получается, вряд ли у анатолийцев была миграционная волна на восток. Иначе бы сохранились какие-то общие корни ..
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