Вот это серия!!!
На сайте голландского издательства BRILL выложена, на мой взгляд, потрясающая серия - The Ottoman Empire and its Heritage. Politics, Society and Economy. И почему я не в голландии?
Одна из книг серии уже выложена в моем утреннем посте Conversion to Islam in the Balkans по-поводу же остальных могу сказать только, что, видимо, потрачу какую-то часть свого времени на их поиск, хотя бы в электронном варианте, а пока даю краткие аннотации книг.
State and Peasant in the Ottoman Empire. Agrarian Power Relations and Regional Economic Development in Ottoman Anatolia during the Sixteenth Century, Huri İslamoğlu-İnan
State and Peasant in the Ottoman Empire studies the dynamics of Ottoman peasant economy in the sixteenth century. First, it shows that contrary to the conventional wisdom about the 'stationariness'of the Asian agrarian economies, Ottoman peasant economy witnessed substantial growth in response to population increase, urban commercial expansion and to increased taxation demands. Second, the book argues that economic development did not take place independently of political structures, of the state. This meant that in the light of the fiscal and legitimation concerns of the Ottoman state and contrary to the assumptions of the models of economic development, changes in population and in commercial demand did not result in the disruption of the integrity of the small peasant holding as the primary unit of production. The book develops these arguments in the context of a detailed empirical study of the economic trends, of the state rules or institutions that embodied the relations of revenue extraction, and of exchange in Ottoman Anatolia.
Notables and Clergy in Mount Lebanon. The Khāzin Sheikhs and the Maronite Church (1736-1840), Richard van Leeuwen
Notables and Clergy in Mount Lebanon analyzes the relations between the Maronite notables and the Church in the context of socio-economic transformations in Mount Lebanon in the period 1736-1840. Special attention is given to the influence of external forces, such as the economic interference of the European nations, the Syrian and Ottoman administrative framework and the increasing involvement of the Vatican in the affairs of the Maronite community. The emphasis is laid on the role of religious foundations, or waqfs, in the process of social and economic integration, both within the Maronite community and in the wider frameworks in which it gradually became incorporated. These external and internal factors can explain the remarkable political emancipation of the Maronite Church, which assumed an important role in the history of Mount Lebanon in the 19th century.
An Ottoman Statesman in War and Peace. Ahmed Resmi Efendi, 1700-1783, Virginia H. Aksan
This study of the life and milieu of a statesman, utilizing a wide array of hitherto unused chronicle and documentary material, offers new insights into many aspects of Ottoman eighteenth-century society. Subjects touched upon include career development and patronage in the central bureaucracy, increasing knowledge and interest in European diplomacy, and the impact of war on traditional attitudes. Of particular interest is the section on the 1768-74 Russo-Turkish War, a traumatic awakening for the Ottomans, who yielded significant territory, but were also faced with the necessity of reconstructing a polity and ideology which no longer produced results on the battlefield. Ahmed Resmi was the first of a new generation of statesmen who saw real virtue in the rationalization of war and the need for peace within prescribed borders.
Struggle for Domination in the Middle East. The Ottoman-Mamluk War, 1485-91, Shai Har-El
This two-part volume offers a comprehensive account of the conflict between the Ottoman and Mamluk Empires. Part One explores Ottoman-Mamluk relations from their inception in the middle of the 14th century to the laying of the foundations of the conflict in the second half of the 15th century. Part Two offers a detailed description of the actual war of 1485-91, and analyzes it from various angles including military, economic, and diplomatic.
Based largely on Ottoman, Mamluk and Italian primary sources-documentary and narrative-the volume helps to understand the second and final war between the Ottomans and Mamluks in 1516-17, which resulted in the downfall of the Mamluk Empire and the firm establishment of Ottoman power in the Middle East.
The Public Treasury of the Muslims. Monthly Budgets of the Mahdist State in the Sudan, 1897, Edited and translated by Ahmad Ibrahim Abu Shouk and Anders Bjørkelo
In 1885 Khartoum fell into the hands of the Mahdist movement which put an end to 60 years of Egyptian rule in the Sudan. An independent state was founded along Islamic principles, which also affected fiscal institutions like the Public Treasury.
Through the translation and edition of the monthly budgets of nine and a half months in 1897, one can study closely the various items of revenue and expenditure, the currencies in circulation, the system of accountancy, and the organisation of the Treasury.
In addition to an analysis of the revenues, the introduction focuses on the organisation of the Treasury and on the system of accountancy and concludes that the Mahdists relied heavily on early Islamic as well as on Ottoman models, which they modified to suit local conditions.
Revenue-Raising and Legitimacy. Tax Collection and Finance Administration in the Ottoman Empire, 1560-1660, Linda T. Darling
This study examines for the first time the finance procedures and documents of the post-classical Ottoman Empire. It provides an overview of institutional and monetary history and a detailed description of assessment and collection processes for Cizye, Avariz and Iltizam-collected taxes, the documents produced by these processes, and the information they contain. The finance department's detailed record-keeping, procedural continuity, and provision of economic justice made it a bulwark of stability in a period of turmoil.
For specialists, this book introduces a multitude of sources on the economic and social history of the post-classical age, while for comparativists it places the empire in its seventeenth-century context. It links Ottoman administrative change with early modern state formation and reformulates the seventeenth century as a period of consolidation, not decline.
National Movements and National Identity Among the Crimean Tatars (1905-1916), Hakan Kırımlı
This volume dwells on the process of the formation of the modern national identity among the Crimean Tatars during the first decades of this century. One of the basic postulates of this study is that the national movements played a crucial and definitive role in this process. Therefore, the formation of national identity among the Crimean Tatars is traced and analyzed in the course of the successive national movements of the period.
Although the main focus of the study is on the period between 1905-1916, the subject-matter is complemented by a general portrayal of Crimean Tatar society during the first century of Russian rule over the Crimea and an analytical account of the two formative decades of İsmail Bey Gaspıralı's reforms prior to 1905. The study devotes meticulous care in placing the subject within the context of the parallel processes of other Turkic and/or Muslim peoples.
A Comparative Evolution of Business Partnerships. The Islamic World and Europe, with Specific Reference to the Ottoman Archives, Murat Çizakça
This monograph deals with the entrepreneurs, the partnerships they formed and how these partnerships evolved through a time span of about fourteen centuries, that is, from the birth of Islam to the present. The first part of the book examines the evolution of medieval partnership forms in Europe and finally in the United States, while in the second part the much less known Islamic evolution is studied. The study of the Islamic evolution is based on extensive original research conducted in the Ottoman archives.
Comparative economic and business historians of these two great civilizations will find this book highly important, while modern Islamic bankers and economists interested in the actual functioning of an Islamic economy will find this volume indispensable reading, for here they have a unique chance to observe an Islamic economy and business operating within an historical framework.
Les Ottomans et la mort. Permanences et mutations, Edited by Gilles Veinstein
In keeping with the historical trend, well developed for Western civilisation, of research into attitudes to Death, but it is concerned with the far less studied East, specifically the Turkish world and its attitude to Death. Bringing together a team of specialists belonging to diverse disciplines (ethnology, history, philology, political studies), this study approaches its subject from various angles; although the Ottoman period is central to the study, a lengthy period is touched on, from the ancient Turks of Inner Asia to the present situation in Central Asia and Turkey.
This intriguing work looks into the pre-Islamic Turkic traditions, the role of Islam, and other historical factors involved in the development of Ottoman funeral practices and attitudes to Death, which the present-day Turks have nolens volens inherited.
Women in the Ottoman Empire. Middle Eastern Women in the Early Modern Era, Edited by Madeline C. Zilfi
This collection of articles by 14 Middle East historians is a pathbreaking work in the history of Middle Eastern women prior to the contemporary era. The collection seeks to begin the task of reconstructing the history of (Muslim) women's experience in the middle centuries of the Ottoman era, between the mid-seventeenth century and the early nineteenth, prior to hegemonic European involvement in the region and prior to the "modernizing reforms' inaugurated by the Ottoman regime.
Salonique, 1830-1912. Une ville ottomane à l'âge des Réformes, Meropi Anastassiadou
Nineteenth-century Thessaloniki is one of the showpieces of Ottoman modernity. Based on local archives, this timely book studies the factors of change and dwells both on spatial aspects and socio-economic evolution.
The work deals with city government, demographic growth, and the development of new means of communication. It also examines the artisans of change: dignitaries, philanthropic organisations, social clubs, etc. Part of the volume is devoted to the day-to-day lives of anonymous citizens.
The author has adopted a comparative method juxtaposing the face the city presented in the 1830s with that of 1900. The use of Ottoman sources allows her to paint a new and nuanced picture of urban transformation in the port cities of the Eastern Mediterranean.
Pan-Islamism. Indian Muslims, the Ottomans and Britain (1877-1924), Azmi Özcan
This important study examines the Indo-Muslim attitude towards the Ottomans from the start of the Russo-Turkish war in 1877 until the end of the Caliphate in 1924. The period treated coincides with what is commonly described as the Pan-Islamic Movement; the British reaction to the Pan-Islamic developments is also discussed extensively.
No comprehensive study to date has dealt with the nature of the relations between the Ottomans and other Muslims, and therefore this work provides new historical, religious and political perspectives on the modern history of Indian Muslims. In addition to Indian, Pakistani, Ottoman and British archival material, publications such as diaries, memoirs, newspapers and books have been incorporated, including writings in Urdu which are generally inaccessible to most historians studying late nineteenth-century Ottoman history.
Ottoman Military Administration in Eighteenth-Century Bosnia, Michael Robert Hickok
Ottoman Military Administration in Eighteenth-Century Bosnia is a provocative and original study of Ottoman administration in a provincial setting. Blending Ottoman and Slavic sources, this study examines in particular the Bosnian campaigns against the Austrians in 1736, along with the structure, personnel system, and financing of the Bosnian militia. Archival material, chronicles, personal letters and journals, and poetry help show how Bosnians and Ottoman officials cooperated to arrive at a shared sense of social order and mutual defence; and undermine later Balkan nationalist histories which tend to tell a story of Ottoman administrative incompetence against a backdrop of nascent independent movements.
Etatism and Diplomacy in Turkey. Economic and Foreign Policy Strategies in an Uncertain World, 1929-1939, Dilek Barlas
This timely volume deals with Turkey's etatist policy and foreign relations in the early years after the fall of the Ottoman empire. It elucidates the symbiotic relationship between Turkey's internal developments and its international strategies, filling a gap in modern Turkish history by systematically researching an era which is practically untouched.
The first part of the book examines the theory and politics of etatism, while the second part, on Turkish diplomacy of the interwar period, is especially important for diplomatic historians.
Flexibility and Limitation in Steppe Formations. The Kerait Khanate and Chinggis Khan, İsenbike Togan
This volume examines the circumstances that brought about the rise of the Mongolian empire. Twelfth-century Asia and the tribal politics of Inner Asia are examined on macro and micro levels.
The study concentrates on the Keraits, one of the most powerful tribal peoples of Inner Asia during Chinggis Khan's early rise to power and one of the greatest losers in the ensuing political realignment. The Kerait, who gave rise to the legend of Prester John, are studied as a symbol of Inner Asian tribal world.
In contrast to models of domination, this work portrays a competitive environment involving both conflict and coexistence. Focusing on power, its limitations and its transformation, we trace the emergence and consolidation of Chinggis Khan's authority within this environment of coexistence, shifting alliances and competition.
Haifa in the Late Ottoman Period, 1864-1914. A Muslim Town in Transition, Mahmoud Yazbak
This volume offers a history of Haifa during that crucial part of the nineteenth century when Europe's penetration of Palestine combined with Istanbul's centralization efforts to alter irrevocably the social fabric of the country and change its political destiny.
After tracing the town's beginnings in the early eighteenth century, the author painstakingly reconstructs from the few sijill volumes that have survived vital aspects of Ottoman Haifa's society and administration. A fresh look at the town's demography is followed by an in-depth discussion of the way inter-communal relations developed after the 1864 Vilāyets Law had brought a restructuring of the sources of elite power.
The author's findings on the social status of Haifa's Muslim women significantly add to the vibrant picture of economic activities we now know urban Muslim women in the Ottoman Empire were involved in.
Istanbul under Allied Occupation 1918-1923, Nur Bilge Criss
This study covers the socio-political, intellectual and institutional dynamics of underground resistance to the Allied occupation in Istanbul. The city was clearly not the seat of treason against the Nationalist struggle for independence, nor was collaboration with the occupiers what it was made out to be in Republican historiography. Above and beyond the international conjuncture in post-WWI Europe, factors that helped the Turkish Nationalists to succeed were: inter-Allied rivalries in the Near East that carried over to Istanbul; the British, French and Italians as major occupation forces, failing to establish a balance of strenght among themselves in their haste to promote respective national interests; the victors underestimating the defeated as they were engrossed with bureaucracy and were assailed by the influx of Russian refugees, Bolshevik propaganda, and the Turkish left.
Ottoman-Polish Diplomatic Relations (15th-18th Century). An Annotated Edition of 'Ahdnames and Other Documents, Dariusz Kolodziejczyk
This volume deals with the history of the Ottoman-Polish political and diplomatic relations, and with the role and function of international treaties in early modern Europe, especially in the contacts between the Christian and Muslim states.
The extensive introduction consists of two parts: Part I examines diplomatic problems concerning "capitulations" (‘ahdnames), demarcation protocols (hududnames) and other Ottoman and Polish documents related to peace. Part II provides a chronological survey of the Polish-Ottoman relations covering the years 1414-1795, and then follow the texts of 69 documents composed in Turkish (rendered in a Latin transcription), Polish, Latin, Italian, and French. Turkish and Polish texts are provided with English translations. 32 documents preserved in originals are published in full facsimiles as well. The publication is enriched with bibliography, directory of geographical and ethnic terms, index and 3 maps.
French Trade in Istanbul in the Eighteenth Century, Edhem Eldem
This work deals with French trade in Istanbul in the eighteenth century, using French and Ottoman sources, and integrating the political and social dimensions of the question. It also sheds light on the financial dimension of trade, particularly that of bills of exchange and monetary trade, linking Istanbul to other Ottoman cities and to European financial centers. Finally, it tackles the issue of western economic penetration, arguing that, despite some signs of domination, French control over the market was efficiently opposed by local actors, that economic integration with the West was often realized on equal terms, and that much of the domination witnessed toward the end of the century was, in fact, the result of French diplomatic leverage and of the gradual estrangement of non-Muslim traders from the Ottoman "commonwealth".
Ottomans, Hungarians, and Habsburgs in Central Europe. The Military Confines in the Era of Ottoman Conquest, Edited by Géza Dávid and Pál Fodor
The Central European military frontier in the fifteenth-seventeenth centuries hides a treasure of military history information. This collective volume provides a fascinating overview to scholars and students interested in the paradigms of the history of frontiers, of imperial structures, and of early modern state finances.
The first part of the book examines the birth and development of the Hungarian and Habsburg defence systems from their origins until their dissolution in the early eighteenth century. The second part focuses on the Ottoman military establishment in Hungary. Special emphasis has been put throughout on administration, finance, manpower problems, and aspects of the military revolution in the marches.
The book is unique in its complex and comparative approach; no similar effort has yet been made concerning other areas of the Ottoman Empire.
The Guilds of Ottoman Jerusalem, Amnon Cohen
This is a book about the economic and social realities of a world that existed in the Middle East up to our days, seen through the Kaleidoscope of one important town - Jerusalem. The reconstruction of all the guilds that functioned during the Ottoman period draws on the untapped archives of the local court of Muslim Jerusalem (XVIth-XVIIIth centuries) - but it includes a plethora of information on the Christians and Jews of that town who actively participated in its economic life.
About 50 different guilds are described: Goldsmiths and blacksmiths, tourist guides and undertakers, tailors and carpenters, soap makers and cotton weavers, beauticians and bookbinders. The modus operandi of each guild, and of the system as a whole, are analysed and presented for the first time as precursers of civil society.
The book holds also 19 original documents - facsimiles plus translations - illustrating the activity of several central guilds.
The Modernization of Public Education in the Ottoman Empire 1839-1908. Islamization, Autocracy and Discipline, Selçuk Akşin Somel
The aim of the Ottoman educational reforms was to raise a class of educated bureaucrats as a means of administrative centralization, and a design to inculcate authoritarian and religious values among the population for the legitimization of state authority.
This study, which deals with the modernization of Ottoman public education during the period of reform, is based on sources such as Ottoman archives, published documents, textbooks, and memoirs. It discusses the main factors that led to Ottoman educational reforms.
The topics in this volume include the expansion of provincial education, financial policies, curricular issues, the educational ideology of the Tanzimat (1839-1876) and the Hamidian periods (1878-1908), ethnic groups in the Balkans, Anatolia and Arabia, and the process of socialization. The book particularly addresses those readers interested in the educational, social and administrative history of the late Ottoman period.
Christianity under Islam in Jerusalem. The Question of the Holy Sites in Early Ottoman Times, Oded Peri
A major issue in nineteenth-century world politics, the question of Christianity's holiest shrines in Jerusalem is covered by a large body of literature. Most of this scholarship, however, concentrates on the period when the question of the Holy Sites has already evolved from a domestic Ottoman problem into an all-European issue. Much less is known about this problem in earlier times, when the Ottoman Empire was still a dominant power able to propose solutions free of foreign interference and outside pressures.
Based on official Ottoman records found in the registers of the kadi's court in Jerusalem as well as the Prime Ministry's Archives in Istanbul, the present study offers a thorough treatment of Ottoman policy with respect to the Holy Sites during the first two centuries of Ottoman rule in Jerusalem. It focuses on three principal issues: (a) The legal status of the Holy Sites under Ottoman rule; (b) The Ottoman state and the inter-church struggle over the Holy Sites; (c) The Holy Sites as a source of income to the Ottoman state.
The discussion of these issues sheds new light on one of the most obscure and controversial chapters in the history of Christianity under Islam in Jerusalem.
The Sultan of Vezirs. The Life and Times of the Ottoman Grand Vezir Mahmud Pasha Angeloviů (1453-1474), Theoharis Stavrides
Mahmud Pasha Angelovic served as Grand Vezir under Sultan Mehmed II, in the years following the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople, which were marked by an extensive imperial project, transforming the Ottoman principality into an empire.
This book attempts to piece together the available evidence on Mahmud Pasha's Byzantine descent and family network, as well as his multi-faceted contribution to the founding of the new empire, through military leadership, diplomatic practices and architectural and literary patronage, considering also his execution and the creation of a posthumous legend presenting him as a martyr.
Using Ottoman, Greek and Western sources, as well as archival material, this study focuses on the period of transition from Byzantine to Ottoman Empire and would be of interest to historians and other specialists studying that period.
The Ottomans and the Balkans. A Discussion of Historiography, Edited by Fikret Adanir and Suraiya Faroqhi
This discussion of historiography concerning the Ottoman Empire should be viewed in the context of our discipline's self-examination, which certainly has been encouraged by recent conflicts in southeastern Europe and the Middle East. Our contributors analyse the fashion in which the historiographies established in various national states have viewed the Ottoman Empire and its legacy. At the same time they discuss the links of twentieth-century historiography with the rich historical tradition of the Ottoman Empire itself, both in its metropolitan and its provincial forms. The struggle against anachronisms born from the nationalist paradigm in history doubtless constitutes the most important common feature of these otherwise very diverse studies.
A History of the Jewish Community in Istanbul - The Formative Years, 1453-1566, Minna Rozen
This volume presents the transformation of the Greek-speaking, Romaniot Jewish community of Byzantine Constantinople into an Ottoman, ethnically diversified immigrant community, showing the influence of the Ottoman conquest on cultural and social values. New and existing sources illuminate a society that was haunted by the dislocation and bereavement of the expulsion from Spain but was nevertheless materialistic and pleasure-seeking, with money and pedigree as supreme values. The society constantly redefined its relationships and boundaries with its former Iberian world and with the Ottoman non-Jewish world around it. The book is important to the study of Istanbul, particularly its Ottoman Jewish community. The chapters on Family Formation and Social Patterns serve family historians studying the early modern period.
Guild Dynamics in Seventeenth-Century Istanbul. Fluidity and Leverage, Eunjeong Yi
The Istanbul guilds of the Ottoman Empire witnessed a period of profound economic and political turbulence throughout the seventeenth century. Drawing on the kadi court records of Istanbul, the author explores issues of guild organization, questions the so-called traditionalism of Ottoman guilds, and examines the ability of the guilds to negotiate with the state during times of peace, war and revolt. Not only does this study shed new light on the question of what the Ottoman guilds were and what they were capable of, but it also places the guilds of Istanbul into the wider, dynamic context of contemporary history. This work is a valuable addition to anyone interested in Ottoman social and political history.
Tocqueville in the Ottoman Empire. Rival Paths to the Modern State, Ariel Salzmann
This volume explores the transition from the old regime to modern forms of sovereignty in the Middle East. By rereading Tocqueville's classic, The Old Régime and the French Revolution, through an Ottoman prism this study probes the unresolved paradoxes in his analysis of institutional change while documenting an old regime that has remained in the shadows of modern history. Each section of the book explores a specific dimension of Ottoman sovereignty - space, hierarchy, and vernacular governance - through a detailed examination of a particular 18th century document. An Ottoman perspective on the eighteenth century not only furnishes critical pieces of the old-regime puzzle. It also illustrates how an uncritical reception of Tocqueville's model of modernization has obscured the ongoing interaction between the “Eurasian” and Westphalian state systems and parallel processes of sociopolitical change.
Barbary Corsairs. The End of a Legend 1800-1820, Daniel Panzac
From 1516 to 1830, the Barbary corsairs dominated the Ottoman provinces of Algiers, Tunis and Tripoli. The years between 1800-1820 were crucial. Until 1805, a spectacular revival of privateering allows the author to present the men, the practices and the results gained by the privateers. From 1805 to 1814, the Maghrib states gave up a great part of privateering on behalf of transportation and seaborne trade, taking advantage of their neutrality during the Napoleonic wars. The peace in 1814 and the internal weaknesses of the regencies carried away this original attempt. After Lord Exmouth's expedition in 1816, for the first time since three centuries, the Maghrib is prohibited from any seaborne activities and under the mercy of Europe.
Conversion to Islam in the Balkans. Kisve Bahası Petitions and Ottoman Social Life, 1670-1730, Anton Minkov
This volume offers a new approach to the subject of conversion to Islam in the Balkans. It reconstructs the stages of the Islamization process from the fifteenth to the nineteenth centuries and examines the factors and stimuli behind it. The practice of accepting Islam in the front of the sultan, characteristic of the last period of Islamization, and granting to new Muslims an amount of money known as kisve bahası, is shown in the context of Ottoman social development. An innovative structural analysis of the petitions requesting kisve bahası leads to examining the origins of the practice and constructing a collective portrait of the new Muslims who submitted them. Facsimiles and translations of the most interesting petitions are appended.
Внимание: книга выложена!
An Ottoman Mentality. The World of Evliya Çelebi (revised second edition), Robert Dankoff. With an Afterword by Gottfried Hagen
In his huge travel account, Evliya Çelebi provides materials for getting at Ottoman perceptions of the world, not only in areas like geography, topography, administration, urban institutions, and social and economic systems, but also in such domains as religion, folklore, sexual relations, dream interpretation, and conceptions of the self.
In six chapters the author examines: Evliya’s treatment of Istanbul and Cairo as the two capital cities of the Ottoman world; his geographical horizons and notions of tolerance; his attitudes toward government, justice and specific Ottoman institutions; his social status as gentleman, character type as dervish, office as caller-to-prayer and avocation as traveller; his use of various narrative styles; and his relation with his audience in the two registers of persuasion and amusement.
An Afterword situates Evliya in relation to other intellectual trends in the Ottoman world of the seventeenth century.
Sacred Law in the Holy City. The Khedival Challenge to the Ottomans as seen from Jerusalem, 1829-1841, Judith Mendelsohn Rood
The Muslim community's political and socio-economic role in Jerusalem under Ottoman administration during 1830s is analyzed in this volume from a natural law perspective. A bitter political contest between Sultan Mahmud II and Muhammad Ali Pasha resulted in the military occupation of Syria and imposition of a brutal new political and legal regime which crushed the indigenous elites of southern Syria. Through a careful analysis of the archives of the Islamic law court of Jerusalem, the study offers a fresh appraisal of how the Ottoman Empire ruled Jerusalem and considers the Muslim response, elucidating the reasons for the breakdown of their relations with non-Muslim Ottoman subjects and differentiating the Ottoman understanding of law and government from that of their enemies, the Wahhabis.
The Image of an Ottoman City. Imperial Architecture and Urban Experience in Aleppo in the 16th and 17th Centuries, Heghnar Zeitlian Watenpaugh
This urban and architectural study of Aleppo, a center of early modern global trade, draws upon archival and narrative texts, architectural evidence, and contemporary theoretical discussions of the relation between imperial ideology, urban patterns and rituals, and architectural form. The first two centuries of Ottoman rule fostered tremendous urban development and reorientation through judiciously sited acts of patronage. Monumental structures endowed by Ottoman officials both introduced a new imperial architecture from Istanbul and incorporated formal elements from the local urban visual language. By viewing the urban and social contexts of these acts, tracing their evolution over two centuries, and examining their discussion in Ottoman and Arabic sources, this book proposes a new model for understanding the local reception and adaptation of imperial forms, institutions and norms.
Legitimizing the Order. The Ottoman Rhetoric of State Power, Edited by Hakan T. Karateke and Maurus Reinkowski
A dynasty that ruled for more than six centuries certainly developed many strategies to confront “legitimacy crises” and undertook various endeavors to legitimize their rule.
After the introduction that establishes a theoretical framework for examining the Ottoman state’s legitimacy, the present volume deploys into three sections. “The Well-Founded Order” deals with the question of how the Ottomans imagined the order of their polity and how they tried to live up to this self-representation.
“Religiosity and Orthodoxy” turns to the question of religiosity and orthodoxy as defined by Ottoman political theory and how these concepts related to the issue of legitimacy. The last section discusses how the Ottoman notions of legitimacy were exposed to criticism, discussion or simply to transformations in situations of crisis, especially in the 18th and 19th centuries.
Town and Country on the Middle Danube, 1526-1690, Nenad Moačanin
The present volume deals with the period of Ottoman rule in the land between the rivers Sava, Drava and Danube. In the first part, factors of stability and change in the structures of social and economic life in villages and towns are discussed with particular emphasis on the development of new, or improved devices of analysis and methods of interpreting. To establish a link between tax registers and the picture of the past life, this part closes with the commentary of three stories from narrative sources of that period. In the second part an attempt is made to check the applicability of the results of the investigation of issues of taxation and demography on the local level to the wider areas of Ottoman Empire.
Society and Politics in an Ottoman Town. ʿAyntāb in the 17th Century, Hülya Canbakal
This book deals with a provincial town attending to its day-to-day business against the backdrop of an exacting war fought far afield against the Habsburgs (1683-99). The dynamics of long-term economic growth were temporarily disturbed by the wartime economy while realignment in center-periphery relations affected the local power structure and practices of status management. Meanwhile, the local elite continued to dominate public life, hence the lives of commoners. This study opens a window onto this world through a close examination of the court records of the town.
Ransom Slavery along the Ottoman Borders. (Early Fifteenth - Early Eighteenth Centuries), Edited by Géza Dávid and Pál Fodor
Notwithstanding the spectacular upswing in the research, there are areas of Ottoman slavery that have still not received the attention they deserve. This volume intends to take a step towards bridging this gap. The twelve studies it contains are organised around connected themes: the hunt for, the trade in and the treatment of captives in the Balkans and in Central Europe. The area under scrutiny is focussed on Hungary, and some other border regions extending from the Crimea to Malta. It offers both an analytic and synthetic approach based on a great deal of so far unpublished Ottoman and European archival material. It not only examines Christian slavery in the Ottoman Empire, but also provides greater insight into the tribulations of Ottoman slaves in the Christian world and sheds light on the devastating effect of captive-related transactions on trade and sometimes on the financial position of whole communities.
The Sons of Bayezid. Empire Building and Representation in the Ottoman Civil War of 1402-13, Dimitris J. Kastritsis
The civil war of 1402-1413 is one of the most complicated and fascinating periods in Ottoman history. It is often called the interregnum because of its political instability, but that term does not do justice to the fact that the civil war was a chapter of Ottoman history in its own right. This book is the first full-length study of that chapter, which began with Timur’s dismemberment of the early Ottoman Empire following his defeat of Bayezid “the Thunderbolt” at Ankara (1402). After Timur’s departure, what was left of the Ottoman realm was contested by Bayezid’s sons in a series of bloody wars involving many internal factions and foreign powers. As part of those wars some of the earliest Ottoman historical literature was produced in the courts of the warring princes, especially Mehmed Çelebi, who was the final winner and needed to justify killing his brothers. This book is a detailed reconstruction of events based on the available sources, as well as a study of the period’s political culture as reflected in its historical narratives.
Living in the Ottoman Ecumenical Community. Essays in Honour of Suraiya Faroqhi, edited by Vera Costantini and Markus Koller
This book dedicated to Suraiya Faroqhi shows that the early modern world was not only characterized by its having been split up into states with closed frontiers. Writing history “from the bottom”, by treating the Ottoman Empire and other countries as “subjects of history”, reduces the importance of political borders for doing historical research. Each social, economic and religious group had its own world-view and in most of the cases the borders of these communities were not identical with the political frontiers. Regarding the Ottoman Empire and the other early modern states as systems of different ecumenical communities rather than only as political units offers a different approach to a better understanding of the various ways in which their subjects interacted. In this context the term ecumenical community designates social, religious and economic groups building up cross-border communities. Different ecumenical communities overlapped within the boundaries of a state or in a specific area and gave them their distinctive characters. This festschrift for Suraiya Faroqhi aims to describe some of the close contacts between various ecumenical communities within and beyond the Ottoman borders.
Одна из книг серии уже выложена в моем утреннем посте Conversion to Islam in the Balkans по-поводу же остальных могу сказать только, что, видимо, потрачу какую-то часть свого времени на их поиск, хотя бы в электронном варианте, а пока даю краткие аннотации книг.
State and Peasant in the Ottoman Empire. Agrarian Power Relations and Regional Economic Development in Ottoman Anatolia during the Sixteenth Century, Huri İslamoğlu-İnan
State and Peasant in the Ottoman Empire studies the dynamics of Ottoman peasant economy in the sixteenth century. First, it shows that contrary to the conventional wisdom about the 'stationariness'of the Asian agrarian economies, Ottoman peasant economy witnessed substantial growth in response to population increase, urban commercial expansion and to increased taxation demands. Second, the book argues that economic development did not take place independently of political structures, of the state. This meant that in the light of the fiscal and legitimation concerns of the Ottoman state and contrary to the assumptions of the models of economic development, changes in population and in commercial demand did not result in the disruption of the integrity of the small peasant holding as the primary unit of production. The book develops these arguments in the context of a detailed empirical study of the economic trends, of the state rules or institutions that embodied the relations of revenue extraction, and of exchange in Ottoman Anatolia.
Notables and Clergy in Mount Lebanon. The Khāzin Sheikhs and the Maronite Church (1736-1840), Richard van Leeuwen
Notables and Clergy in Mount Lebanon analyzes the relations between the Maronite notables and the Church in the context of socio-economic transformations in Mount Lebanon in the period 1736-1840. Special attention is given to the influence of external forces, such as the economic interference of the European nations, the Syrian and Ottoman administrative framework and the increasing involvement of the Vatican in the affairs of the Maronite community. The emphasis is laid on the role of religious foundations, or waqfs, in the process of social and economic integration, both within the Maronite community and in the wider frameworks in which it gradually became incorporated. These external and internal factors can explain the remarkable political emancipation of the Maronite Church, which assumed an important role in the history of Mount Lebanon in the 19th century.
An Ottoman Statesman in War and Peace. Ahmed Resmi Efendi, 1700-1783, Virginia H. Aksan
This study of the life and milieu of a statesman, utilizing a wide array of hitherto unused chronicle and documentary material, offers new insights into many aspects of Ottoman eighteenth-century society. Subjects touched upon include career development and patronage in the central bureaucracy, increasing knowledge and interest in European diplomacy, and the impact of war on traditional attitudes. Of particular interest is the section on the 1768-74 Russo-Turkish War, a traumatic awakening for the Ottomans, who yielded significant territory, but were also faced with the necessity of reconstructing a polity and ideology which no longer produced results on the battlefield. Ahmed Resmi was the first of a new generation of statesmen who saw real virtue in the rationalization of war and the need for peace within prescribed borders.
Struggle for Domination in the Middle East. The Ottoman-Mamluk War, 1485-91, Shai Har-El
This two-part volume offers a comprehensive account of the conflict between the Ottoman and Mamluk Empires. Part One explores Ottoman-Mamluk relations from their inception in the middle of the 14th century to the laying of the foundations of the conflict in the second half of the 15th century. Part Two offers a detailed description of the actual war of 1485-91, and analyzes it from various angles including military, economic, and diplomatic.
Based largely on Ottoman, Mamluk and Italian primary sources-documentary and narrative-the volume helps to understand the second and final war between the Ottomans and Mamluks in 1516-17, which resulted in the downfall of the Mamluk Empire and the firm establishment of Ottoman power in the Middle East.
The Public Treasury of the Muslims. Monthly Budgets of the Mahdist State in the Sudan, 1897, Edited and translated by Ahmad Ibrahim Abu Shouk and Anders Bjørkelo
In 1885 Khartoum fell into the hands of the Mahdist movement which put an end to 60 years of Egyptian rule in the Sudan. An independent state was founded along Islamic principles, which also affected fiscal institutions like the Public Treasury.
Through the translation and edition of the monthly budgets of nine and a half months in 1897, one can study closely the various items of revenue and expenditure, the currencies in circulation, the system of accountancy, and the organisation of the Treasury.
In addition to an analysis of the revenues, the introduction focuses on the organisation of the Treasury and on the system of accountancy and concludes that the Mahdists relied heavily on early Islamic as well as on Ottoman models, which they modified to suit local conditions.
Revenue-Raising and Legitimacy. Tax Collection and Finance Administration in the Ottoman Empire, 1560-1660, Linda T. Darling
This study examines for the first time the finance procedures and documents of the post-classical Ottoman Empire. It provides an overview of institutional and monetary history and a detailed description of assessment and collection processes for Cizye, Avariz and Iltizam-collected taxes, the documents produced by these processes, and the information they contain. The finance department's detailed record-keeping, procedural continuity, and provision of economic justice made it a bulwark of stability in a period of turmoil.
For specialists, this book introduces a multitude of sources on the economic and social history of the post-classical age, while for comparativists it places the empire in its seventeenth-century context. It links Ottoman administrative change with early modern state formation and reformulates the seventeenth century as a period of consolidation, not decline.
National Movements and National Identity Among the Crimean Tatars (1905-1916), Hakan Kırımlı
This volume dwells on the process of the formation of the modern national identity among the Crimean Tatars during the first decades of this century. One of the basic postulates of this study is that the national movements played a crucial and definitive role in this process. Therefore, the formation of national identity among the Crimean Tatars is traced and analyzed in the course of the successive national movements of the period.
Although the main focus of the study is on the period between 1905-1916, the subject-matter is complemented by a general portrayal of Crimean Tatar society during the first century of Russian rule over the Crimea and an analytical account of the two formative decades of İsmail Bey Gaspıralı's reforms prior to 1905. The study devotes meticulous care in placing the subject within the context of the parallel processes of other Turkic and/or Muslim peoples.
A Comparative Evolution of Business Partnerships. The Islamic World and Europe, with Specific Reference to the Ottoman Archives, Murat Çizakça
This monograph deals with the entrepreneurs, the partnerships they formed and how these partnerships evolved through a time span of about fourteen centuries, that is, from the birth of Islam to the present. The first part of the book examines the evolution of medieval partnership forms in Europe and finally in the United States, while in the second part the much less known Islamic evolution is studied. The study of the Islamic evolution is based on extensive original research conducted in the Ottoman archives.
Comparative economic and business historians of these two great civilizations will find this book highly important, while modern Islamic bankers and economists interested in the actual functioning of an Islamic economy will find this volume indispensable reading, for here they have a unique chance to observe an Islamic economy and business operating within an historical framework.
Les Ottomans et la mort. Permanences et mutations, Edited by Gilles Veinstein
In keeping with the historical trend, well developed for Western civilisation, of research into attitudes to Death, but it is concerned with the far less studied East, specifically the Turkish world and its attitude to Death. Bringing together a team of specialists belonging to diverse disciplines (ethnology, history, philology, political studies), this study approaches its subject from various angles; although the Ottoman period is central to the study, a lengthy period is touched on, from the ancient Turks of Inner Asia to the present situation in Central Asia and Turkey.
This intriguing work looks into the pre-Islamic Turkic traditions, the role of Islam, and other historical factors involved in the development of Ottoman funeral practices and attitudes to Death, which the present-day Turks have nolens volens inherited.
Women in the Ottoman Empire. Middle Eastern Women in the Early Modern Era, Edited by Madeline C. Zilfi
This collection of articles by 14 Middle East historians is a pathbreaking work in the history of Middle Eastern women prior to the contemporary era. The collection seeks to begin the task of reconstructing the history of (Muslim) women's experience in the middle centuries of the Ottoman era, between the mid-seventeenth century and the early nineteenth, prior to hegemonic European involvement in the region and prior to the "modernizing reforms' inaugurated by the Ottoman regime.
Salonique, 1830-1912. Une ville ottomane à l'âge des Réformes, Meropi Anastassiadou
Nineteenth-century Thessaloniki is one of the showpieces of Ottoman modernity. Based on local archives, this timely book studies the factors of change and dwells both on spatial aspects and socio-economic evolution.
The work deals with city government, demographic growth, and the development of new means of communication. It also examines the artisans of change: dignitaries, philanthropic organisations, social clubs, etc. Part of the volume is devoted to the day-to-day lives of anonymous citizens.
The author has adopted a comparative method juxtaposing the face the city presented in the 1830s with that of 1900. The use of Ottoman sources allows her to paint a new and nuanced picture of urban transformation in the port cities of the Eastern Mediterranean.
Pan-Islamism. Indian Muslims, the Ottomans and Britain (1877-1924), Azmi Özcan
This important study examines the Indo-Muslim attitude towards the Ottomans from the start of the Russo-Turkish war in 1877 until the end of the Caliphate in 1924. The period treated coincides with what is commonly described as the Pan-Islamic Movement; the British reaction to the Pan-Islamic developments is also discussed extensively.
No comprehensive study to date has dealt with the nature of the relations between the Ottomans and other Muslims, and therefore this work provides new historical, religious and political perspectives on the modern history of Indian Muslims. In addition to Indian, Pakistani, Ottoman and British archival material, publications such as diaries, memoirs, newspapers and books have been incorporated, including writings in Urdu which are generally inaccessible to most historians studying late nineteenth-century Ottoman history.
Ottoman Military Administration in Eighteenth-Century Bosnia, Michael Robert Hickok
Ottoman Military Administration in Eighteenth-Century Bosnia is a provocative and original study of Ottoman administration in a provincial setting. Blending Ottoman and Slavic sources, this study examines in particular the Bosnian campaigns against the Austrians in 1736, along with the structure, personnel system, and financing of the Bosnian militia. Archival material, chronicles, personal letters and journals, and poetry help show how Bosnians and Ottoman officials cooperated to arrive at a shared sense of social order and mutual defence; and undermine later Balkan nationalist histories which tend to tell a story of Ottoman administrative incompetence against a backdrop of nascent independent movements.
Etatism and Diplomacy in Turkey. Economic and Foreign Policy Strategies in an Uncertain World, 1929-1939, Dilek Barlas
This timely volume deals with Turkey's etatist policy and foreign relations in the early years after the fall of the Ottoman empire. It elucidates the symbiotic relationship between Turkey's internal developments and its international strategies, filling a gap in modern Turkish history by systematically researching an era which is practically untouched.
The first part of the book examines the theory and politics of etatism, while the second part, on Turkish diplomacy of the interwar period, is especially important for diplomatic historians.
Flexibility and Limitation in Steppe Formations. The Kerait Khanate and Chinggis Khan, İsenbike Togan
This volume examines the circumstances that brought about the rise of the Mongolian empire. Twelfth-century Asia and the tribal politics of Inner Asia are examined on macro and micro levels.
The study concentrates on the Keraits, one of the most powerful tribal peoples of Inner Asia during Chinggis Khan's early rise to power and one of the greatest losers in the ensuing political realignment. The Kerait, who gave rise to the legend of Prester John, are studied as a symbol of Inner Asian tribal world.
In contrast to models of domination, this work portrays a competitive environment involving both conflict and coexistence. Focusing on power, its limitations and its transformation, we trace the emergence and consolidation of Chinggis Khan's authority within this environment of coexistence, shifting alliances and competition.
Haifa in the Late Ottoman Period, 1864-1914. A Muslim Town in Transition, Mahmoud Yazbak
This volume offers a history of Haifa during that crucial part of the nineteenth century when Europe's penetration of Palestine combined with Istanbul's centralization efforts to alter irrevocably the social fabric of the country and change its political destiny.
After tracing the town's beginnings in the early eighteenth century, the author painstakingly reconstructs from the few sijill volumes that have survived vital aspects of Ottoman Haifa's society and administration. A fresh look at the town's demography is followed by an in-depth discussion of the way inter-communal relations developed after the 1864 Vilāyets Law had brought a restructuring of the sources of elite power.
The author's findings on the social status of Haifa's Muslim women significantly add to the vibrant picture of economic activities we now know urban Muslim women in the Ottoman Empire were involved in.
Istanbul under Allied Occupation 1918-1923, Nur Bilge Criss
This study covers the socio-political, intellectual and institutional dynamics of underground resistance to the Allied occupation in Istanbul. The city was clearly not the seat of treason against the Nationalist struggle for independence, nor was collaboration with the occupiers what it was made out to be in Republican historiography. Above and beyond the international conjuncture in post-WWI Europe, factors that helped the Turkish Nationalists to succeed were: inter-Allied rivalries in the Near East that carried over to Istanbul; the British, French and Italians as major occupation forces, failing to establish a balance of strenght among themselves in their haste to promote respective national interests; the victors underestimating the defeated as they were engrossed with bureaucracy and were assailed by the influx of Russian refugees, Bolshevik propaganda, and the Turkish left.
Ottoman-Polish Diplomatic Relations (15th-18th Century). An Annotated Edition of 'Ahdnames and Other Documents, Dariusz Kolodziejczyk
This volume deals with the history of the Ottoman-Polish political and diplomatic relations, and with the role and function of international treaties in early modern Europe, especially in the contacts between the Christian and Muslim states.
The extensive introduction consists of two parts: Part I examines diplomatic problems concerning "capitulations" (‘ahdnames), demarcation protocols (hududnames) and other Ottoman and Polish documents related to peace. Part II provides a chronological survey of the Polish-Ottoman relations covering the years 1414-1795, and then follow the texts of 69 documents composed in Turkish (rendered in a Latin transcription), Polish, Latin, Italian, and French. Turkish and Polish texts are provided with English translations. 32 documents preserved in originals are published in full facsimiles as well. The publication is enriched with bibliography, directory of geographical and ethnic terms, index and 3 maps.
French Trade in Istanbul in the Eighteenth Century, Edhem Eldem
This work deals with French trade in Istanbul in the eighteenth century, using French and Ottoman sources, and integrating the political and social dimensions of the question. It also sheds light on the financial dimension of trade, particularly that of bills of exchange and monetary trade, linking Istanbul to other Ottoman cities and to European financial centers. Finally, it tackles the issue of western economic penetration, arguing that, despite some signs of domination, French control over the market was efficiently opposed by local actors, that economic integration with the West was often realized on equal terms, and that much of the domination witnessed toward the end of the century was, in fact, the result of French diplomatic leverage and of the gradual estrangement of non-Muslim traders from the Ottoman "commonwealth".
Ottomans, Hungarians, and Habsburgs in Central Europe. The Military Confines in the Era of Ottoman Conquest, Edited by Géza Dávid and Pál Fodor
The Central European military frontier in the fifteenth-seventeenth centuries hides a treasure of military history information. This collective volume provides a fascinating overview to scholars and students interested in the paradigms of the history of frontiers, of imperial structures, and of early modern state finances.
The first part of the book examines the birth and development of the Hungarian and Habsburg defence systems from their origins until their dissolution in the early eighteenth century. The second part focuses on the Ottoman military establishment in Hungary. Special emphasis has been put throughout on administration, finance, manpower problems, and aspects of the military revolution in the marches.
The book is unique in its complex and comparative approach; no similar effort has yet been made concerning other areas of the Ottoman Empire.
The Guilds of Ottoman Jerusalem, Amnon Cohen
This is a book about the economic and social realities of a world that existed in the Middle East up to our days, seen through the Kaleidoscope of one important town - Jerusalem. The reconstruction of all the guilds that functioned during the Ottoman period draws on the untapped archives of the local court of Muslim Jerusalem (XVIth-XVIIIth centuries) - but it includes a plethora of information on the Christians and Jews of that town who actively participated in its economic life.
About 50 different guilds are described: Goldsmiths and blacksmiths, tourist guides and undertakers, tailors and carpenters, soap makers and cotton weavers, beauticians and bookbinders. The modus operandi of each guild, and of the system as a whole, are analysed and presented for the first time as precursers of civil society.
The book holds also 19 original documents - facsimiles plus translations - illustrating the activity of several central guilds.
The Modernization of Public Education in the Ottoman Empire 1839-1908. Islamization, Autocracy and Discipline, Selçuk Akşin Somel
The aim of the Ottoman educational reforms was to raise a class of educated bureaucrats as a means of administrative centralization, and a design to inculcate authoritarian and religious values among the population for the legitimization of state authority.
This study, which deals with the modernization of Ottoman public education during the period of reform, is based on sources such as Ottoman archives, published documents, textbooks, and memoirs. It discusses the main factors that led to Ottoman educational reforms.
The topics in this volume include the expansion of provincial education, financial policies, curricular issues, the educational ideology of the Tanzimat (1839-1876) and the Hamidian periods (1878-1908), ethnic groups in the Balkans, Anatolia and Arabia, and the process of socialization. The book particularly addresses those readers interested in the educational, social and administrative history of the late Ottoman period.
Christianity under Islam in Jerusalem. The Question of the Holy Sites in Early Ottoman Times, Oded Peri
A major issue in nineteenth-century world politics, the question of Christianity's holiest shrines in Jerusalem is covered by a large body of literature. Most of this scholarship, however, concentrates on the period when the question of the Holy Sites has already evolved from a domestic Ottoman problem into an all-European issue. Much less is known about this problem in earlier times, when the Ottoman Empire was still a dominant power able to propose solutions free of foreign interference and outside pressures.
Based on official Ottoman records found in the registers of the kadi's court in Jerusalem as well as the Prime Ministry's Archives in Istanbul, the present study offers a thorough treatment of Ottoman policy with respect to the Holy Sites during the first two centuries of Ottoman rule in Jerusalem. It focuses on three principal issues: (a) The legal status of the Holy Sites under Ottoman rule; (b) The Ottoman state and the inter-church struggle over the Holy Sites; (c) The Holy Sites as a source of income to the Ottoman state.
The discussion of these issues sheds new light on one of the most obscure and controversial chapters in the history of Christianity under Islam in Jerusalem.
The Sultan of Vezirs. The Life and Times of the Ottoman Grand Vezir Mahmud Pasha Angeloviů (1453-1474), Theoharis Stavrides
Mahmud Pasha Angelovic served as Grand Vezir under Sultan Mehmed II, in the years following the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople, which were marked by an extensive imperial project, transforming the Ottoman principality into an empire.
This book attempts to piece together the available evidence on Mahmud Pasha's Byzantine descent and family network, as well as his multi-faceted contribution to the founding of the new empire, through military leadership, diplomatic practices and architectural and literary patronage, considering also his execution and the creation of a posthumous legend presenting him as a martyr.
Using Ottoman, Greek and Western sources, as well as archival material, this study focuses on the period of transition from Byzantine to Ottoman Empire and would be of interest to historians and other specialists studying that period.
The Ottomans and the Balkans. A Discussion of Historiography, Edited by Fikret Adanir and Suraiya Faroqhi
This discussion of historiography concerning the Ottoman Empire should be viewed in the context of our discipline's self-examination, which certainly has been encouraged by recent conflicts in southeastern Europe and the Middle East. Our contributors analyse the fashion in which the historiographies established in various national states have viewed the Ottoman Empire and its legacy. At the same time they discuss the links of twentieth-century historiography with the rich historical tradition of the Ottoman Empire itself, both in its metropolitan and its provincial forms. The struggle against anachronisms born from the nationalist paradigm in history doubtless constitutes the most important common feature of these otherwise very diverse studies.
A History of the Jewish Community in Istanbul - The Formative Years, 1453-1566, Minna Rozen
This volume presents the transformation of the Greek-speaking, Romaniot Jewish community of Byzantine Constantinople into an Ottoman, ethnically diversified immigrant community, showing the influence of the Ottoman conquest on cultural and social values. New and existing sources illuminate a society that was haunted by the dislocation and bereavement of the expulsion from Spain but was nevertheless materialistic and pleasure-seeking, with money and pedigree as supreme values. The society constantly redefined its relationships and boundaries with its former Iberian world and with the Ottoman non-Jewish world around it. The book is important to the study of Istanbul, particularly its Ottoman Jewish community. The chapters on Family Formation and Social Patterns serve family historians studying the early modern period.
Guild Dynamics in Seventeenth-Century Istanbul. Fluidity and Leverage, Eunjeong Yi
The Istanbul guilds of the Ottoman Empire witnessed a period of profound economic and political turbulence throughout the seventeenth century. Drawing on the kadi court records of Istanbul, the author explores issues of guild organization, questions the so-called traditionalism of Ottoman guilds, and examines the ability of the guilds to negotiate with the state during times of peace, war and revolt. Not only does this study shed new light on the question of what the Ottoman guilds were and what they were capable of, but it also places the guilds of Istanbul into the wider, dynamic context of contemporary history. This work is a valuable addition to anyone interested in Ottoman social and political history.
Tocqueville in the Ottoman Empire. Rival Paths to the Modern State, Ariel Salzmann
This volume explores the transition from the old regime to modern forms of sovereignty in the Middle East. By rereading Tocqueville's classic, The Old Régime and the French Revolution, through an Ottoman prism this study probes the unresolved paradoxes in his analysis of institutional change while documenting an old regime that has remained in the shadows of modern history. Each section of the book explores a specific dimension of Ottoman sovereignty - space, hierarchy, and vernacular governance - through a detailed examination of a particular 18th century document. An Ottoman perspective on the eighteenth century not only furnishes critical pieces of the old-regime puzzle. It also illustrates how an uncritical reception of Tocqueville's model of modernization has obscured the ongoing interaction between the “Eurasian” and Westphalian state systems and parallel processes of sociopolitical change.
Barbary Corsairs. The End of a Legend 1800-1820, Daniel Panzac
From 1516 to 1830, the Barbary corsairs dominated the Ottoman provinces of Algiers, Tunis and Tripoli. The years between 1800-1820 were crucial. Until 1805, a spectacular revival of privateering allows the author to present the men, the practices and the results gained by the privateers. From 1805 to 1814, the Maghrib states gave up a great part of privateering on behalf of transportation and seaborne trade, taking advantage of their neutrality during the Napoleonic wars. The peace in 1814 and the internal weaknesses of the regencies carried away this original attempt. After Lord Exmouth's expedition in 1816, for the first time since three centuries, the Maghrib is prohibited from any seaborne activities and under the mercy of Europe.
Conversion to Islam in the Balkans. Kisve Bahası Petitions and Ottoman Social Life, 1670-1730, Anton Minkov
This volume offers a new approach to the subject of conversion to Islam in the Balkans. It reconstructs the stages of the Islamization process from the fifteenth to the nineteenth centuries and examines the factors and stimuli behind it. The practice of accepting Islam in the front of the sultan, characteristic of the last period of Islamization, and granting to new Muslims an amount of money known as kisve bahası, is shown in the context of Ottoman social development. An innovative structural analysis of the petitions requesting kisve bahası leads to examining the origins of the practice and constructing a collective portrait of the new Muslims who submitted them. Facsimiles and translations of the most interesting petitions are appended.
Внимание: книга выложена!
An Ottoman Mentality. The World of Evliya Çelebi (revised second edition), Robert Dankoff. With an Afterword by Gottfried Hagen
In his huge travel account, Evliya Çelebi provides materials for getting at Ottoman perceptions of the world, not only in areas like geography, topography, administration, urban institutions, and social and economic systems, but also in such domains as religion, folklore, sexual relations, dream interpretation, and conceptions of the self.
In six chapters the author examines: Evliya’s treatment of Istanbul and Cairo as the two capital cities of the Ottoman world; his geographical horizons and notions of tolerance; his attitudes toward government, justice and specific Ottoman institutions; his social status as gentleman, character type as dervish, office as caller-to-prayer and avocation as traveller; his use of various narrative styles; and his relation with his audience in the two registers of persuasion and amusement.
An Afterword situates Evliya in relation to other intellectual trends in the Ottoman world of the seventeenth century.
Sacred Law in the Holy City. The Khedival Challenge to the Ottomans as seen from Jerusalem, 1829-1841, Judith Mendelsohn Rood
The Muslim community's political and socio-economic role in Jerusalem under Ottoman administration during 1830s is analyzed in this volume from a natural law perspective. A bitter political contest between Sultan Mahmud II and Muhammad Ali Pasha resulted in the military occupation of Syria and imposition of a brutal new political and legal regime which crushed the indigenous elites of southern Syria. Through a careful analysis of the archives of the Islamic law court of Jerusalem, the study offers a fresh appraisal of how the Ottoman Empire ruled Jerusalem and considers the Muslim response, elucidating the reasons for the breakdown of their relations with non-Muslim Ottoman subjects and differentiating the Ottoman understanding of law and government from that of their enemies, the Wahhabis.
The Image of an Ottoman City. Imperial Architecture and Urban Experience in Aleppo in the 16th and 17th Centuries, Heghnar Zeitlian Watenpaugh
This urban and architectural study of Aleppo, a center of early modern global trade, draws upon archival and narrative texts, architectural evidence, and contemporary theoretical discussions of the relation between imperial ideology, urban patterns and rituals, and architectural form. The first two centuries of Ottoman rule fostered tremendous urban development and reorientation through judiciously sited acts of patronage. Monumental structures endowed by Ottoman officials both introduced a new imperial architecture from Istanbul and incorporated formal elements from the local urban visual language. By viewing the urban and social contexts of these acts, tracing their evolution over two centuries, and examining their discussion in Ottoman and Arabic sources, this book proposes a new model for understanding the local reception and adaptation of imperial forms, institutions and norms.
Legitimizing the Order. The Ottoman Rhetoric of State Power, Edited by Hakan T. Karateke and Maurus Reinkowski
A dynasty that ruled for more than six centuries certainly developed many strategies to confront “legitimacy crises” and undertook various endeavors to legitimize their rule.
After the introduction that establishes a theoretical framework for examining the Ottoman state’s legitimacy, the present volume deploys into three sections. “The Well-Founded Order” deals with the question of how the Ottomans imagined the order of their polity and how they tried to live up to this self-representation.
“Religiosity and Orthodoxy” turns to the question of religiosity and orthodoxy as defined by Ottoman political theory and how these concepts related to the issue of legitimacy. The last section discusses how the Ottoman notions of legitimacy were exposed to criticism, discussion or simply to transformations in situations of crisis, especially in the 18th and 19th centuries.
Town and Country on the Middle Danube, 1526-1690, Nenad Moačanin
The present volume deals with the period of Ottoman rule in the land between the rivers Sava, Drava and Danube. In the first part, factors of stability and change in the structures of social and economic life in villages and towns are discussed with particular emphasis on the development of new, or improved devices of analysis and methods of interpreting. To establish a link between tax registers and the picture of the past life, this part closes with the commentary of three stories from narrative sources of that period. In the second part an attempt is made to check the applicability of the results of the investigation of issues of taxation and demography on the local level to the wider areas of Ottoman Empire.
Society and Politics in an Ottoman Town. ʿAyntāb in the 17th Century, Hülya Canbakal
This book deals with a provincial town attending to its day-to-day business against the backdrop of an exacting war fought far afield against the Habsburgs (1683-99). The dynamics of long-term economic growth were temporarily disturbed by the wartime economy while realignment in center-periphery relations affected the local power structure and practices of status management. Meanwhile, the local elite continued to dominate public life, hence the lives of commoners. This study opens a window onto this world through a close examination of the court records of the town.
Ransom Slavery along the Ottoman Borders. (Early Fifteenth - Early Eighteenth Centuries), Edited by Géza Dávid and Pál Fodor
Notwithstanding the spectacular upswing in the research, there are areas of Ottoman slavery that have still not received the attention they deserve. This volume intends to take a step towards bridging this gap. The twelve studies it contains are organised around connected themes: the hunt for, the trade in and the treatment of captives in the Balkans and in Central Europe. The area under scrutiny is focussed on Hungary, and some other border regions extending from the Crimea to Malta. It offers both an analytic and synthetic approach based on a great deal of so far unpublished Ottoman and European archival material. It not only examines Christian slavery in the Ottoman Empire, but also provides greater insight into the tribulations of Ottoman slaves in the Christian world and sheds light on the devastating effect of captive-related transactions on trade and sometimes on the financial position of whole communities.
The Sons of Bayezid. Empire Building and Representation in the Ottoman Civil War of 1402-13, Dimitris J. Kastritsis
The civil war of 1402-1413 is one of the most complicated and fascinating periods in Ottoman history. It is often called the interregnum because of its political instability, but that term does not do justice to the fact that the civil war was a chapter of Ottoman history in its own right. This book is the first full-length study of that chapter, which began with Timur’s dismemberment of the early Ottoman Empire following his defeat of Bayezid “the Thunderbolt” at Ankara (1402). After Timur’s departure, what was left of the Ottoman realm was contested by Bayezid’s sons in a series of bloody wars involving many internal factions and foreign powers. As part of those wars some of the earliest Ottoman historical literature was produced in the courts of the warring princes, especially Mehmed Çelebi, who was the final winner and needed to justify killing his brothers. This book is a detailed reconstruction of events based on the available sources, as well as a study of the period’s political culture as reflected in its historical narratives.
Living in the Ottoman Ecumenical Community. Essays in Honour of Suraiya Faroqhi, edited by Vera Costantini and Markus Koller
This book dedicated to Suraiya Faroqhi shows that the early modern world was not only characterized by its having been split up into states with closed frontiers. Writing history “from the bottom”, by treating the Ottoman Empire and other countries as “subjects of history”, reduces the importance of political borders for doing historical research. Each social, economic and religious group had its own world-view and in most of the cases the borders of these communities were not identical with the political frontiers. Regarding the Ottoman Empire and the other early modern states as systems of different ecumenical communities rather than only as political units offers a different approach to a better understanding of the various ways in which their subjects interacted. In this context the term ecumenical community designates social, religious and economic groups building up cross-border communities. Different ecumenical communities overlapped within the boundaries of a state or in a specific area and gave them their distinctive characters. This festschrift for Suraiya Faroqhi aims to describe some of the close contacts between various ecumenical communities within and beyond the Ottoman borders.