1. Memcached - caching
2. HipHop for PHP - php to c++
3. Haystack - photo storage
4. BigPipe - dynamic web page serving system(esb like?)
5. Cassandra - distributed storage system, facebook Inbox search (?)
6. Scribe - loggin system
7. Hadoop and Hive - map reduce+sql engine over it
8. Thrift - crosslanguage framework
9. Varnish - HTTP accelerator, load balancer,cache content
10. Gradual releases and dark launches - versions per users set, A/B testing
11. Live Profiling
12. Gradual feature disabling for added performance
http://royal.pingdom.com/2010/06/18/the-software-behind-facebook/