fuel taxes
People often complain of what and how much something they buy is taxed.
They are also critical of how their tax money is spent.
The military does product testing.
Nobody knows what the Navy is doing. Even the Navy doesn't know what the Navy is doing.
E85 price is less than Regular.
A Credit Card reader at every fuel pump ?
Unthinkable in the 1970's.
I have seen olde fuel pumps that look like gumball machines. With a glass ball on top. That would have heated the fuel on a sunny warm day.
Gasoline is difficult to sell in a fair and consistent manner by volumetric units. It expands and contracts significantly as its temperature changes. A comparison of the coefficient of thermal expansion for gasoline and water indicates that gasoline changes at about 4.5 times the rate of water.
In the United States, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) specifies the accuracy of the measurements in Handbook 44. Table 3.30 specifies the accuracy at 0.3% meaning that a 10-US-gallon (37.9 L; 8.3 imp gal) purchase could vary between 9.97 US gal (37.7 L; 8.3 imp gal) and 10.03 US gal (38.0 L; 8.4 imp gal) as to the actual amounts at the delivery temperature of the gasoline.
The reference temperature for gasoline volume measurement is either 60°F or 15°C. Ten gallons of gasoline at that temperature expands to about 10.15 US gal (38.4 L; 8.5 imp gal) at 85 °F (29 °C) and contracts to about 9.83 US gal (37.2 L; 8.2 imp gal) at 30 °F (−1 °C). Each of the three volumes represents the same theoretical amount of energy. In one sense, ten gallons of gasoline purchased at 30°F is about 3.2% more potential energy than ten gallons purchased at 85°F. Most gasoline is stored in tanks underneath the filling station. Modern tanks are non-metallic and sealed to stop leaks. Some have double walls or other structures that provide inadvertent thermal insulation while pursuing the main goal of keeping gasoline out of the soil around the tank. The net result is that while the air temperature can easily vary between 30°F and 85°F, the gasoline in the insulated tank changes temperature much more slowly.
There are two sides to every issue.
In politics, both sides lie.
They are not using MTBE as the antiknock in gasoline anymore, they use ethanol.
The Premium grade 93 octane would have more ethanol (antiknock) than the 87 octane.
Pure ethanol has a 100 octane rating.
They are also critical of how their tax money is spent.
The military does product testing.
Nobody knows what the Navy is doing. Even the Navy doesn't know what the Navy is doing.
E85 price is less than Regular.
A Credit Card reader at every fuel pump ?
Unthinkable in the 1970's.
I have seen olde fuel pumps that look like gumball machines. With a glass ball on top. That would have heated the fuel on a sunny warm day.
Gasoline is difficult to sell in a fair and consistent manner by volumetric units. It expands and contracts significantly as its temperature changes. A comparison of the coefficient of thermal expansion for gasoline and water indicates that gasoline changes at about 4.5 times the rate of water.
In the United States, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) specifies the accuracy of the measurements in Handbook 44. Table 3.30 specifies the accuracy at 0.3% meaning that a 10-US-gallon (37.9 L; 8.3 imp gal) purchase could vary between 9.97 US gal (37.7 L; 8.3 imp gal) and 10.03 US gal (38.0 L; 8.4 imp gal) as to the actual amounts at the delivery temperature of the gasoline.
The reference temperature for gasoline volume measurement is either 60°F or 15°C. Ten gallons of gasoline at that temperature expands to about 10.15 US gal (38.4 L; 8.5 imp gal) at 85 °F (29 °C) and contracts to about 9.83 US gal (37.2 L; 8.2 imp gal) at 30 °F (−1 °C). Each of the three volumes represents the same theoretical amount of energy. In one sense, ten gallons of gasoline purchased at 30°F is about 3.2% more potential energy than ten gallons purchased at 85°F. Most gasoline is stored in tanks underneath the filling station. Modern tanks are non-metallic and sealed to stop leaks. Some have double walls or other structures that provide inadvertent thermal insulation while pursuing the main goal of keeping gasoline out of the soil around the tank. The net result is that while the air temperature can easily vary between 30°F and 85°F, the gasoline in the insulated tank changes temperature much more slowly.
There are two sides to every issue.
In politics, both sides lie.
They are not using MTBE as the antiknock in gasoline anymore, they use ethanol.
The Premium grade 93 octane would have more ethanol (antiknock) than the 87 octane.
Pure ethanol has a 100 octane rating.