The Neuroscience of Screwing Up is a pretty interesting article. At the end of the day, nothing too foreign: Our brains conspire against us to ignore interesting lessons to learn, and call it failure. Of course, when it comes to science in academia, I realize my perspective is perhaps narrow(although when I discussed this some of the Math faculty at Tech, their facts, if not opinions, support my claim): There aren't enough papers discussing failures, and the whole journal system seems to have a rather positivist bias.
Anyway, I happen to like failure, which is good, because I experience a lot of it. The depression is the worst though, and it does relate to failures, especially when you have a lot of them. And while the article discusses the positives of being an outsider, I can say firsthand, its a shitty experience to go through.