«Смерть автора», «философия в аду»...: "Dо you think THE DEAD is really dead?"
Вообразим ли такой сценарий? - на примере ну хотя бы моего журнала.
Я решил издать некоторые свои мысли, в нём изложенные, на бумаге и в переплёте. Допустим, что есть интерес к моей писанине в среде читателей, не имеющих доступа к интернет. Соответственнно оформляю свои материалы - таким образом, что вместо гиперссылки на сообщение в блоге вождя племени Бобо, которое информирует один из моих аргументов, я предлагаю русский перевод этого сообщения. А как иначе? В конце концов, кроме удовлетворения собственного тщеславия (за счёт сокращения природных ресурсов и экологии), своей книгой я ещё расчитываю и на некоторое восприятие и понимание со стороны читателей, в сумме которых фигурируют и те, которые ещё не родились, но знаю, что родятся и могут заинтересоваться если не моей мыслью, и не семиотикой церемониальных масок, нарядов и обрядов Бобо в моём изложении, то хотя бы некоторыми аспектами интеллектуальной ситуации своих предков. Цитируя вождя Бобо я конечно же соблюдаю все формальности цитирования и даже, с подсказки адвокатов, на всякий случай расчитываюсь с администраторами Бобо-блога, по совместительству заведующими копирайтом. Возражения в этом пункте есть-какие нибудь?
Тода вопрос: Что если материал, который в переводе цитирую в своей книге, я использую не в качестве высокой оценки фигуры вождя Бобо, а в качестве повода для критики её, но по большому же счёту - через неё нечто другого, некоторых культурологических тенденций в нашем обществе? Какая разница, да? Верно. Ведь критиковать можно... И вроде бы даже как в критике заключается самое высшое интеллектуальное благо - с точки зрения деконструктивизма по крайней мере. Ведь оно как? Нашу жизнь (всё, что в неё входит) можно представлять себе свободной и разумной только в том случае, если она сколько-нибудь критически осмысленна в своих основаниях. Тем более, что моя критика ни в коем случае не выходит за рамки академического изложения. И вообще меня зовут Ричард Волин - «a highly regarded authority in the field of modern European intellectual history, Distinguished Professor of History at the City University of New York Graduate Center». И у моей книги уже есть название: «The Intellectual Romance with Fascism from Nietzsche to Postmodernism» или как-то так. И издам её пожалуй не в Kinkos, а в Princeton, Columbia или на худой конец - в MIT press .
И вот моя книга готова, отправлена в печать и на следующей неделе появляется в книжных магазинах. Через месяц весь тираж распродаётся, при этом однако не насытив спроса на неё. Что делать? Разумно было бы переиздать её. Но тут возникает проблема. Вождь Бобо, на которого ссылаюсь, звонит в редакцию и угрожая адвокатами требует устранения из книги материалов, всполаскиваемых в моём аргументе. Дело в том, что вождю Бобо просто не нравится, что его высказывания используются в моей книге без его разрешения. Может быть в европейской культуре и наступила «смерть (европейского) автора*», и вождь, сам на передовой переломавший не мало копий умертвляя его, с давних пор в этом более чем уверен, но в племени Бобо «отец» очень даже здравствует и с ним не считаться ну никак нельзя! По законам племени Бобо интерпретации авторских «логосов» без согласия самих авторов запрещены. И уж едва ли проканают переводы логосов с целью их критики. Вождь возмущен кажется даже сильнее министра Ертысбаева во время сеанса кинокартины с участием Саши Коэна, от лица казахов утoляющего свою жажду прокисшей мочой и совокупляющегося с курицами, движимый задачей не иначе как выяснения «современных западных взглядов на жизнь» некоторых интересующих его популяций - при этом правда зачем-то пробуя на вкус неожиданные умственные испражнения дремучих реднеков, духовно питающихся всё теми же блокбастер-кинокомедиями и осмысляющих весь мир в кодировке захватывающе окучивающих basic-instinct развлекательных передач. Но не о них сейчас речь.
Я спокоен, потому что козе понятно, что работники Ivy League университетского издательства при всём уважении ко мне как к духовно родственному интеллектуалу и самое главное к вождю как к априорной фигуре пост-империалистической пост-монологической, децентрализированной сферы пошлют его всё же куда подальше where he juridically belongs. Но что такое!!! В новом издании мой труд уже выходит без ссылок на попуаса. Без интерпретаций жестов вождя племени Бобо и с моим 15-ти страничным вступлением, урезанным в 4. Более того, те экземпляры в первом издании, которые я думал, что благополучно разошлись по назначению, оказывается были арестованы, выброшены в помойку и в ней сожжены.
Ах, какая досада! Какое оскорбление! Какой позор! Какое дерзкое butt-fuck надругательство над светлой эмансипаторной идеей свободной интерпретации, намеренного аппроприативного толкования вкривь, созидательного прочтения, субверсии формаций авторитетных мнений, реверсии фигур риторической власти и перераспределения философских привилегий в пользу «несерьёзных» дискурсов! Какое свинское кощунство по отношению к истинно гуманитарному проекту деконструирования трижды проклятых оболванивающих , гнетущих, институциализированных «империализмов авторства»!
Не знаю, чем успокоить Вас, друзья постмодернисты. Уж наверное не тем, что назову имя этого бобо-папуаса: ЖАК ДЕРРИДА (когда-то слыл свободным философом, умер жандармом).
* In a moment of pathos Mr. Derrida asks (of Richard Wolin specifically, but it could be of any of us): "Did he think I was dead?"
Полный капец. Одним словом: Дерридец.
To the Editors:
As of this writing, Jacques Derrida has set forth-publicly and on several occasions-a narrative of the events surrounding the inclusion of the interview "Philosophers' Hell" in my anthology, The Heidegger Controversy: A Critical Reader. That narrative is misleading and tendentious. It is, moreover, an account that is largely based on paranoia. For Derrida is convinced-and no amount of evidence can lead him to believe otherwise-that there was a conscious attempt to delude, misinform, and defame him; that, once again, the multitudinous "enemies of deconstruction" had sought to embarrass him and lay him low.
I've tried to assure him several times in private correspondence-in all honesty and in good faith-that this was not the case. I am far from an "enemy of deconstruction." But Derrida will have none of it. It took him five months to respond to my first letter (November 6, 1991). Even then he only deigned to respond out of motives that were, shall we say, purely opportunistic: he had just learned from Columbia University Press that, since the press had allowed the book to go out of print, the rights to the volume had reverted to me and that I would likely seek to republish it elsewhere. At this point, Derrida sent a panic-ridden fax to my academic department at Rice University (April 10, 1992; the ironies are too killing: Derrida refuses to write me for five months, but suddenly he's so desperate to reach me that he must do so by fax) urging me to omit the interview from any future publication of the book.
Of course, that is precisely what I did, in perfect compliance with his wishes, despite having already purchased the "nonexclusive right to publish an English translation" of the interview from Le Nouvel Observateur (permissions letter from Le Nouvel Observateur of September 9, 1990; reconfirmed by rights editor Mme. Ruth Valentini in her letter to me of December 11, 1991). But in his fax he also urged me to phone him-again, following five months of utter silence!-since, as he put it, he "did not have the taste for legal matters" and would prefer to resolve such disputes in accordance with "the traditions of courtesy and fair play."
I was stunned. It was precisely in a spirit of "courtesy and fair play" that I had written to him in November 1991 seeking to resolve the dispute amicably and informally. And what had been his position upon receipt of my November letter? To me personally he would not even condescend to respond. Instead, the next word I received concerning the matter was a letter from his lawyer, Mme. Anne Weill-Mace, of November 22, 1991. In that document I was named as the virtual co-defendant in a planned legal action in which Derrida threatened, in no uncertain terms, to impound any future editions of the book in question (so much for "courtesy and fair play"). Moreover, as a condition for not suing the press he also required-with incredible presumption-that "all pages concerning him [in the book be] suppressed." I interpreted this as an unambiguous demand by Derrida to insure that all discussion of his work be excised from the volume as a whole. And I am convinced that the press complied with this demand when, to my astonishment, they edited my new preface down from fourteen to a mere four pages. (A slightly longer version of that original preface is now available in the MIT edition of the book). I am the author of four books with Columbia University Press. Never before had the slightest substantive alterations been made in any of my texts.
Derrida himself then reiterated these legal threats in a letter to Columbia University Press of February 10, 1992. At that time he also stated unambiguously that, should the press not accede to his wishes, he would exercise his "legal right" to have all copies of The Heidegger Controversy-including the original edition-summarily yanked from bookstore shelves all across America (a fact he disingenuously denies in his letter to The New York Review of February 11).
Can there be any surprise, then, that when I received Derrida's letter of April 10, I had serious reason to doubt his egalitarian interests in "courtesy and fair play"?
I can assure M. Derrida that if he had bothered to write me in a collegial and amicable spirit back in November 1991 requesting that his text be dropped, I would have complied on the spot, and he could have saved himself thousands of francs in legal bills. Yet, because he seemed so preoccupied with the legal aspects of the situation ("faire valoir mes droits" seemed to be his favorite refrain) and with the prerogatives of "authorship" (in a rather anti-deconstructionist spirit, I must add; for how can he consider himself the sole "author" of and possessor of rights to an interview, which is, after all, a joint venture?), he thereby forced me into a legalistic corner, whereby I had no recourse but to confirm, to the press and to him, that I had obtained the rights legally and properly-as the copyright office of Le Nouvel Observateur (which must be growing weary by now) has, without a scintilla of hesitation, repeatedly affirmed.
In our correspondence Derrida has raised the legitimate question of why I did not contact him directly about including "Philosophers' Hell" in The Heidegger Controversy. In my letter to him of November 6, 1991, I gave him two reasons, both of which he has chosen to ignore. First, I was instructed by knowledgeable sources in Paris that I should write directly to Le Nouvel Observateur for the rights to the interview, since it is their policy to retain the copyright to everything they print (this point speaks to the legal aspect of the dispute; and, indeed, it turns out that my sources were correct). Secondly, concerning the "personal" side, I hereby cite from my letter of November 6, in which I told Derrida the following: "I assumed Le Nouvel Observateur's granting of permission signified that there were no reservations on your part to the English translation of the interview; and that had there been, for example, any stipulations about the 'rights of the interviewee' (yourself) to review the translation, I would have been so informed." I proceeded to apologize to Derrida, not for having proceeded improperly, but for the unfortunate misunderstanding at hand, which Derrida himself persistently chooses to view as an instance of intentional ill-will.
Moreover, at this time I'd like to state publicly that my original plan for The Heidegger Controversy did not include the Derrida interview (a fact that Columbia University Press, I'm sure, would be happy to confirm). Rather it was only included at the eleventh hour in response to an external reader's report urging that more French materials be incorporated. So much for conspiracy theories or the idea that Derrida had been somehow intentionally "set-up."
Finally, there is the matter of the translation, which I've always viewed as a red herring. I stand fully behind the English rendering of the text. Moreover, none of the other authors has raised objections akin to M. Derrida's, including Pierre Bourdieu, whose text was also translated from the French.
Derrida has maligned the content of the volume-he judges it to be "weak, simplistic, and compulsively aggressive:" in sum, a "machine de guerre sournoise" (a "sneaky war machine")-and here, of course, he is perfectly within his rights. I'd like to remind him, though, in case he hasn't read it in its entirety before offering public comment, of the book's contents: five important Heidegger texts, as well as contributions by Ernst Jünger, Karl Löwith, Herbert Marcuse, Karl Jaspers, Jürgen Habermas, Otto Pöggeler, Ernst Tugendhat, and Pierre Bourdieu. Can all of these eminent thinkers really be convicted of participating in a conspiratorial "machine de guerre sournoise," as Derrida would have us believe?
Why doesn't Derrida come clean? The real reason he's so upset is that a highly exposed philosophical nerve has been touched. In both "Philosophers' Hell" and Of Spirit he deconstructs into nonexistence the gravity of Heidegger's Nazism-above all, its relation to Heidegger's thought-and has been caught with his pants down, as it were. He contends that it is a surfeit of metaphysical humanism that led Heidegger into donning a brown uniform in the 1930s. I claim the reverse: it was precisely insofar as Heidegger remained faithful to certain precepts of "Western thought" that he was prevented from identifying wholesale with the "racial-biological thinking" of the National Socialists: a party whose doctrines and deeds represented (as Marcuse astutely points out in his contribution: MIT edition, p. 161) the very negation of that tradition.
Richard Wolin
Department of History
Rice University
Houston, Texas
Thomas Sheehan replies:
When read in the light both of Mr. Wolin's letter and of his own previous correspondence, Mr. Derrida's letter is, I regret to say, the desperate and pathetic gesture of a man caught in a lie.
Recall that in his last letter to The New York Review [NYR, February 11] Mr. Derrida explicitly denied he had ever made "legal threats against the very existence of Wolin's book." Derrida accused me, in no uncertain terms, of falsifying the facts.
But that was before I confronted him publicly, in the same issue, with written documentation, which he hadn't known I possessed, that proves beyond a doubt that he did threaten to take legal measures to force the book out of print and destroy pages 264-273.
On November 22, 1991, Derrida, through his attorney, asserted his right to do just that,[1] and on February 10, 1992, he threatened to carry out that action if Columbia did not meet his conditions. Claiming that Columbia bore "legal responsibilty" for improperly publishing his interview, Derrida wrote to Mr. John Moore, president of the press, to demand that Moore promise never to republish the interview:
If such a promise were not to reach us [that is, Derrida or his attorney] within a reasonable time, we should have to demand, via the appropriate channels, that all copies of The Heidegger Controversy be withdrawn from sale, including the first edition.[2]
And so, embarrassed at being caught out, Mr. Derrida drops his earlier claim entirely and in the present letter lays down a rhetorical smokescreen to cover his tracks as he beats a hasty retreat.
There are many "stubborn and massive facts" that Mr. Derrida chooses not to mention in his letter, and one can understand why.
It would be hard for him to admit-especially after denying it-that his dogged pursuit of a legal rather than an amicable solution began with his very first letter on the subject to Columbia University Press (October 31, 1991: "[Je] vais consulter un avocat à ce sujet") and persisted for well over three months, leading Mr. Moore to virtually plead with Derrida that they "settle the matter by agreement" rather than "through attorneys' actions and the rituals of legal systems" (Moore to Derrida, February 3, 1992).
And it would be hard for Derrida to admit to the vengeance that he planned to take against Mr. Wolin from the very start-this, despite Columbia's every effort to placate Derrida by dropping his interview from future editions:
I shall pursue my investigations into the juridical aspect of the case and shall not fail to make Wolin pay the most fitting consequences.[3]
The irony is that, while Mr. Derrida has done his best to conceal these facts, they are henceforth on public display thanks to his offer to send all his correspondence on the affair to whoever requests it of him.
I myself, having received a copy of Mr. Derrida's present letter (dated February 1, 1993) on February 3, was the first to take him up on his offer-much to his astonishment and disquietude ("étonnement…inquiétude") as he told both me and The New York Review in a flurry of faxes and a phone call between February 8 and February 12.
Mr. Derrida tried a number a ploys to avoid fulfilling his promise to hand over the correspondence. At first he said his offer did not go into effect until his present letter was published in The New York Review. But he dropped that claim when it was pointed out to him that his letter places no such condition on the offer and in act declares his willingness "from the outset" ["depuis le début"] to provide the correspondence.
His second tactic was to insist, by telephone and fax, that I didn't need to see the correspondence because, as he claimed. I already had copies of all the letters he possessed. But that is not true; indeed, Derrida misquotes me in his letter above: I didn't say, "I have documentation for everything" but-there is a world of difference-"I have documentation for everything I wrote" [NYR, February 11, 1993; my emphasis]. Moreover, how could Derrida credibly claim I had all the correspondence-for example, the faxes Columbia had sent to him?
When questions like these were put to him, Mr. Derrida dropped his second line of defense.
His final ploy was to claim that what his February 1 letter means (regardless of what it actually says) is that (1) his offer was extended "primarily to readers who haven't seen the correspondence yet" and (2) that the letter expresses his "preference for publishing [the correspondence] rather than providing it to private individuals."[4]
Of course, his February 1 letter, published above, says no such thing; in fact, it says quite the opposite. And when that was pointed out to him, Mr. Derrida finally desisted, and consented to send me the correspondence-but out of courtesy, as he insists, and not in compliance with the promise he makes in his letter.
Mr. Derrida's correspondence is not a pretty business. Nonetheless, I encourage anyone who wants the facts of the matter to request the dossier from him. And I would urge Mr. Derrida, for the sake of completeness, to include in his packet the correspondence he exchanged with me and The New York Review between February 5 and February 12, 1993.
The rest of Mr. Derrida's letter is an embarrassment in both tone and content. Apart from his penchant for making personal slurs (even Mme. Ruth Valentini, subsidiary rights editor of Le Nouvel Observateur, is not spared), the following points should be noted:
(1) If the business is now known as "l'affaire Derrida," that is because Derrida's own lawyer, Mme. Anne Weill-Mace, gave it this title ("AFFAIRE: DERRIDA/N.R.: 1251") when she informed Columbia University Press that Derrida claimed the right to seize the book and "suppress" the interview. The title "l'affaire Derrida" fittingly names Derrida's claimed right to call in the police.
(2) No, I did not "forget" to contact Mr. Derrida. Having already assembled more than ample documentation on the affair, and having observed Derrida, over a period of seven months, falsify facts, distort the meaning of documents, and refuse efforts at reconciliation, I consciously chose not to contact him. The tone of his faxes to me since February 10, 1993, has only confirmed me in that decision.
(3) Nor did I insist Mr. Derrida respond to Mr. Wolin. I merely wondered-given his extraordinary cathexis on the matter, evident in his outrageous letters and ad hominem attacks-whether he didn't care to share some of his reasons. On reflection, it seems better for us all that he didn't.
(4) Regarding the translation of the interview, I maintain what I said before: there are three mistakes, at most, that are even worth talking about-unless Mr. Derrida is prepared to include a proofreader's error.
More importantly, why does Mr. Derrida display such selective outrage? So far as I know, he has never complained about the dozens of mistranslations (sometimes three to a page, some of them howlers)-plus misspellings, omissions, and manglings of the Greek-that are so liberally sprinkled over just the first forty pages of his Of Grammatology-or in other translations of his works, for that matter.
(5) As regards Mr. Derrida's continuing quarrel over the translation rights, I'll leave him to fight it out with Le Nouvel Observateur. Mme. Valentini, speaking for the journal, has told me: "The rights belong to us, except if the interviewed said he doesn't want it to be published in other countries." Since Derrida-by his and Mr. Eribon's admission-made no such stipulation, the French journal claims to own the rights. Without trying to settle the matter, I should say that two Chicago professors of law have told me that Derrida's case against Wolin doesn't have a legal leg to stand on.[5]
(6) For me the saddest thing about l'affaire Derrida is that Mr. Derrida himself just doesn't get it. He fails to see that he has only himself to thank for the time he has wasted: The question of the interview could have been settled to his complete satisfaction-without lawyers and legal threats, without sordid name-calling-well over a year ago. And he refuses to let himself believe that my article was not motivated in the least by any desire to attack his intellectual work.
Finally: in a moment of pathos Mr. Derrida asks (of Richard Wolin specifically, but it could be of any of us): "Did he think I was dead?"
No, I do not think Mr. Derrida is dead. But I do think he is suffering, quite needlessly, from a self-inflicted wound.
-February 25, 1993
(A letter from Professor Ernst Nolte in reply to Mr. Sheehan's review will appear in the next issue.)
Notes
[1] "obtenir la saisie du livre…de manière à voir supprimer…les pages 264 à 273" and "obtenir un retrait immédiat de la publication": letter of Derrida's attorney, Mme. Anne Weill-Mace, to Ms. Jennifer Crewe, senior executive editor of Columbia University Press, November 22, 1991.
[2] "Si un tel engagement ne nous [i.e., 'à moimême ou à mon avocat'] parvenait pas dans un délai raisonnable, nous devrions exiger par les voies appropriées que tous les exemplaires de The Heidegger Controversy, y compris son édition originale, soient retirés de la vente": Derrida to Moore, February 10, 1992.
[3] "…je poursuivrai mes recherches sur l'aspect juridique de la chose et ne manquerai pas de lui [i.e., Wolin] donner les suites les plus appropriées. Désolé, chère Jennifer, de devoir en venir là [etc., etc.]": letter to Ms. Jennifer Crewe of Columbia University Press, November 8, 1991. Ms. Crewe had told Derrida of Columbia's decision to drop the interview on October 31, 1991.
[4] Respectively: "en priorité aux lecteurs qui n'ont pas connaissance desdites correspondances" and "ma préférence, plutôt que pour la communication privée, pour la publication, si elle est possible, 'dans d'honnêtes conditions' de tous ces documents." [Letter to me, February 10, 1993].
[5] Mme. Valentini also told me of Mr. Didier Eribon's role in the affair. When she heard of Derrida's improbable claim that he owns the translation rights, she asked Mr. Eribon-who had conducted the interview and who had accepted royalties from Mr. Wolin when the rights were sold-to discuss the matter with Derrida. Eribon reported back what she took to be a resolution of the question, and she in turn relayed the information to Wolin (December 11, 1991). She wrote that whereas Derrida "would have wished" ("aurait souhaité") that his permission be asked concerning the translation-a courtesy, she said, that was forgotten by Le Nouvel Observateur as well as by Wolin-she nonetheless could guarantee Wolin that there would be no further consequences ("cette affaire n'aurait pas d'autre suite"). Mme. Valentini herself has interpreted that last phrase for me: "That means that there will be no following problems." Derrida, on the basis of no evidence whatever, suggests that Mme. Valentini may be intentionally misleading me.
Я решил издать некоторые свои мысли, в нём изложенные, на бумаге и в переплёте. Допустим, что есть интерес к моей писанине в среде читателей, не имеющих доступа к интернет. Соответственнно оформляю свои материалы - таким образом, что вместо гиперссылки на сообщение в блоге вождя племени Бобо, которое информирует один из моих аргументов, я предлагаю русский перевод этого сообщения. А как иначе? В конце концов, кроме удовлетворения собственного тщеславия (за счёт сокращения природных ресурсов и экологии), своей книгой я ещё расчитываю и на некоторое восприятие и понимание со стороны читателей, в сумме которых фигурируют и те, которые ещё не родились, но знаю, что родятся и могут заинтересоваться если не моей мыслью, и не семиотикой церемониальных масок, нарядов и обрядов Бобо в моём изложении, то хотя бы некоторыми аспектами интеллектуальной ситуации своих предков. Цитируя вождя Бобо я конечно же соблюдаю все формальности цитирования и даже, с подсказки адвокатов, на всякий случай расчитываюсь с администраторами Бобо-блога, по совместительству заведующими копирайтом. Возражения в этом пункте есть-какие нибудь?
Тода вопрос: Что если материал, который в переводе цитирую в своей книге, я использую не в качестве высокой оценки фигуры вождя Бобо, а в качестве повода для критики её, но по большому же счёту - через неё нечто другого, некоторых культурологических тенденций в нашем обществе? Какая разница, да? Верно. Ведь критиковать можно... И вроде бы даже как в критике заключается самое высшое интеллектуальное благо - с точки зрения деконструктивизма по крайней мере. Ведь оно как? Нашу жизнь (всё, что в неё входит) можно представлять себе свободной и разумной только в том случае, если она сколько-нибудь критически осмысленна в своих основаниях. Тем более, что моя критика ни в коем случае не выходит за рамки академического изложения. И вообще меня зовут Ричард Волин - «a highly regarded authority in the field of modern European intellectual history, Distinguished Professor of History at the City University of New York Graduate Center». И у моей книги уже есть название: «The Intellectual Romance with Fascism from Nietzsche to Postmodernism» или как-то так. И издам её пожалуй не в Kinkos, а в Princeton, Columbia или на худой конец - в MIT press .
И вот моя книга готова, отправлена в печать и на следующей неделе появляется в книжных магазинах. Через месяц весь тираж распродаётся, при этом однако не насытив спроса на неё. Что делать? Разумно было бы переиздать её. Но тут возникает проблема. Вождь Бобо, на которого ссылаюсь, звонит в редакцию и угрожая адвокатами требует устранения из книги материалов, всполаскиваемых в моём аргументе. Дело в том, что вождю Бобо просто не нравится, что его высказывания используются в моей книге без его разрешения. Может быть в европейской культуре и наступила «смерть (европейского) автора*», и вождь, сам на передовой переломавший не мало копий умертвляя его, с давних пор в этом более чем уверен, но в племени Бобо «отец» очень даже здравствует и с ним не считаться ну никак нельзя! По законам племени Бобо интерпретации авторских «логосов» без согласия самих авторов запрещены. И уж едва ли проканают переводы логосов с целью их критики. Вождь возмущен кажется даже сильнее министра Ертысбаева во время сеанса кинокартины с участием Саши Коэна, от лица казахов утoляющего свою жажду прокисшей мочой и совокупляющегося с курицами, движимый задачей не иначе как выяснения «современных западных взглядов на жизнь» некоторых интересующих его популяций - при этом правда зачем-то пробуя на вкус неожиданные умственные испражнения дремучих реднеков, духовно питающихся всё теми же блокбастер-кинокомедиями и осмысляющих весь мир в кодировке захватывающе окучивающих basic-instinct развлекательных передач. Но не о них сейчас речь.
Я спокоен, потому что козе понятно, что работники Ivy League университетского издательства при всём уважении ко мне как к духовно родственному интеллектуалу и самое главное к вождю как к априорной фигуре пост-империалистической пост-монологической, децентрализированной сферы пошлют его всё же куда подальше where he juridically belongs. Но что такое!!! В новом издании мой труд уже выходит без ссылок на попуаса. Без интерпретаций жестов вождя племени Бобо и с моим 15-ти страничным вступлением, урезанным в 4. Более того, те экземпляры в первом издании, которые я думал, что благополучно разошлись по назначению, оказывается были арестованы, выброшены в помойку и в ней сожжены.
Ах, какая досада! Какое оскорбление! Какой позор! Какое дерзкое butt-fuck надругательство над светлой эмансипаторной идеей свободной интерпретации, намеренного аппроприативного толкования вкривь, созидательного прочтения, субверсии формаций авторитетных мнений, реверсии фигур риторической власти и перераспределения философских привилегий в пользу «несерьёзных» дискурсов! Какое свинское кощунство по отношению к истинно гуманитарному проекту деконструирования трижды проклятых оболванивающих , гнетущих, институциализированных «империализмов авторства»!
Не знаю, чем успокоить Вас, друзья постмодернисты. Уж наверное не тем, что назову имя этого бобо-папуаса: ЖАК ДЕРРИДА (когда-то слыл свободным философом, умер жандармом).
* In a moment of pathos Mr. Derrida asks (of Richard Wolin specifically, but it could be of any of us): "Did he think I was dead?"
Полный капец. Одним словом: Дерридец.
To the Editors:
As of this writing, Jacques Derrida has set forth-publicly and on several occasions-a narrative of the events surrounding the inclusion of the interview "Philosophers' Hell" in my anthology, The Heidegger Controversy: A Critical Reader. That narrative is misleading and tendentious. It is, moreover, an account that is largely based on paranoia. For Derrida is convinced-and no amount of evidence can lead him to believe otherwise-that there was a conscious attempt to delude, misinform, and defame him; that, once again, the multitudinous "enemies of deconstruction" had sought to embarrass him and lay him low.
I've tried to assure him several times in private correspondence-in all honesty and in good faith-that this was not the case. I am far from an "enemy of deconstruction." But Derrida will have none of it. It took him five months to respond to my first letter (November 6, 1991). Even then he only deigned to respond out of motives that were, shall we say, purely opportunistic: he had just learned from Columbia University Press that, since the press had allowed the book to go out of print, the rights to the volume had reverted to me and that I would likely seek to republish it elsewhere. At this point, Derrida sent a panic-ridden fax to my academic department at Rice University (April 10, 1992; the ironies are too killing: Derrida refuses to write me for five months, but suddenly he's so desperate to reach me that he must do so by fax) urging me to omit the interview from any future publication of the book.
Of course, that is precisely what I did, in perfect compliance with his wishes, despite having already purchased the "nonexclusive right to publish an English translation" of the interview from Le Nouvel Observateur (permissions letter from Le Nouvel Observateur of September 9, 1990; reconfirmed by rights editor Mme. Ruth Valentini in her letter to me of December 11, 1991). But in his fax he also urged me to phone him-again, following five months of utter silence!-since, as he put it, he "did not have the taste for legal matters" and would prefer to resolve such disputes in accordance with "the traditions of courtesy and fair play."
I was stunned. It was precisely in a spirit of "courtesy and fair play" that I had written to him in November 1991 seeking to resolve the dispute amicably and informally. And what had been his position upon receipt of my November letter? To me personally he would not even condescend to respond. Instead, the next word I received concerning the matter was a letter from his lawyer, Mme. Anne Weill-Mace, of November 22, 1991. In that document I was named as the virtual co-defendant in a planned legal action in which Derrida threatened, in no uncertain terms, to impound any future editions of the book in question (so much for "courtesy and fair play"). Moreover, as a condition for not suing the press he also required-with incredible presumption-that "all pages concerning him [in the book be] suppressed." I interpreted this as an unambiguous demand by Derrida to insure that all discussion of his work be excised from the volume as a whole. And I am convinced that the press complied with this demand when, to my astonishment, they edited my new preface down from fourteen to a mere four pages. (A slightly longer version of that original preface is now available in the MIT edition of the book). I am the author of four books with Columbia University Press. Never before had the slightest substantive alterations been made in any of my texts.
Derrida himself then reiterated these legal threats in a letter to Columbia University Press of February 10, 1992. At that time he also stated unambiguously that, should the press not accede to his wishes, he would exercise his "legal right" to have all copies of The Heidegger Controversy-including the original edition-summarily yanked from bookstore shelves all across America (a fact he disingenuously denies in his letter to The New York Review of February 11).
Can there be any surprise, then, that when I received Derrida's letter of April 10, I had serious reason to doubt his egalitarian interests in "courtesy and fair play"?
I can assure M. Derrida that if he had bothered to write me in a collegial and amicable spirit back in November 1991 requesting that his text be dropped, I would have complied on the spot, and he could have saved himself thousands of francs in legal bills. Yet, because he seemed so preoccupied with the legal aspects of the situation ("faire valoir mes droits" seemed to be his favorite refrain) and with the prerogatives of "authorship" (in a rather anti-deconstructionist spirit, I must add; for how can he consider himself the sole "author" of and possessor of rights to an interview, which is, after all, a joint venture?), he thereby forced me into a legalistic corner, whereby I had no recourse but to confirm, to the press and to him, that I had obtained the rights legally and properly-as the copyright office of Le Nouvel Observateur (which must be growing weary by now) has, without a scintilla of hesitation, repeatedly affirmed.
In our correspondence Derrida has raised the legitimate question of why I did not contact him directly about including "Philosophers' Hell" in The Heidegger Controversy. In my letter to him of November 6, 1991, I gave him two reasons, both of which he has chosen to ignore. First, I was instructed by knowledgeable sources in Paris that I should write directly to Le Nouvel Observateur for the rights to the interview, since it is their policy to retain the copyright to everything they print (this point speaks to the legal aspect of the dispute; and, indeed, it turns out that my sources were correct). Secondly, concerning the "personal" side, I hereby cite from my letter of November 6, in which I told Derrida the following: "I assumed Le Nouvel Observateur's granting of permission signified that there were no reservations on your part to the English translation of the interview; and that had there been, for example, any stipulations about the 'rights of the interviewee' (yourself) to review the translation, I would have been so informed." I proceeded to apologize to Derrida, not for having proceeded improperly, but for the unfortunate misunderstanding at hand, which Derrida himself persistently chooses to view as an instance of intentional ill-will.
Moreover, at this time I'd like to state publicly that my original plan for The Heidegger Controversy did not include the Derrida interview (a fact that Columbia University Press, I'm sure, would be happy to confirm). Rather it was only included at the eleventh hour in response to an external reader's report urging that more French materials be incorporated. So much for conspiracy theories or the idea that Derrida had been somehow intentionally "set-up."
Finally, there is the matter of the translation, which I've always viewed as a red herring. I stand fully behind the English rendering of the text. Moreover, none of the other authors has raised objections akin to M. Derrida's, including Pierre Bourdieu, whose text was also translated from the French.
Derrida has maligned the content of the volume-he judges it to be "weak, simplistic, and compulsively aggressive:" in sum, a "machine de guerre sournoise" (a "sneaky war machine")-and here, of course, he is perfectly within his rights. I'd like to remind him, though, in case he hasn't read it in its entirety before offering public comment, of the book's contents: five important Heidegger texts, as well as contributions by Ernst Jünger, Karl Löwith, Herbert Marcuse, Karl Jaspers, Jürgen Habermas, Otto Pöggeler, Ernst Tugendhat, and Pierre Bourdieu. Can all of these eminent thinkers really be convicted of participating in a conspiratorial "machine de guerre sournoise," as Derrida would have us believe?
Why doesn't Derrida come clean? The real reason he's so upset is that a highly exposed philosophical nerve has been touched. In both "Philosophers' Hell" and Of Spirit he deconstructs into nonexistence the gravity of Heidegger's Nazism-above all, its relation to Heidegger's thought-and has been caught with his pants down, as it were. He contends that it is a surfeit of metaphysical humanism that led Heidegger into donning a brown uniform in the 1930s. I claim the reverse: it was precisely insofar as Heidegger remained faithful to certain precepts of "Western thought" that he was prevented from identifying wholesale with the "racial-biological thinking" of the National Socialists: a party whose doctrines and deeds represented (as Marcuse astutely points out in his contribution: MIT edition, p. 161) the very negation of that tradition.
Richard Wolin
Department of History
Rice University
Houston, Texas
Thomas Sheehan replies:
When read in the light both of Mr. Wolin's letter and of his own previous correspondence, Mr. Derrida's letter is, I regret to say, the desperate and pathetic gesture of a man caught in a lie.
Recall that in his last letter to The New York Review [NYR, February 11] Mr. Derrida explicitly denied he had ever made "legal threats against the very existence of Wolin's book." Derrida accused me, in no uncertain terms, of falsifying the facts.
But that was before I confronted him publicly, in the same issue, with written documentation, which he hadn't known I possessed, that proves beyond a doubt that he did threaten to take legal measures to force the book out of print and destroy pages 264-273.
On November 22, 1991, Derrida, through his attorney, asserted his right to do just that,[1] and on February 10, 1992, he threatened to carry out that action if Columbia did not meet his conditions. Claiming that Columbia bore "legal responsibilty" for improperly publishing his interview, Derrida wrote to Mr. John Moore, president of the press, to demand that Moore promise never to republish the interview:
If such a promise were not to reach us [that is, Derrida or his attorney] within a reasonable time, we should have to demand, via the appropriate channels, that all copies of The Heidegger Controversy be withdrawn from sale, including the first edition.[2]
And so, embarrassed at being caught out, Mr. Derrida drops his earlier claim entirely and in the present letter lays down a rhetorical smokescreen to cover his tracks as he beats a hasty retreat.
There are many "stubborn and massive facts" that Mr. Derrida chooses not to mention in his letter, and one can understand why.
It would be hard for him to admit-especially after denying it-that his dogged pursuit of a legal rather than an amicable solution began with his very first letter on the subject to Columbia University Press (October 31, 1991: "[Je] vais consulter un avocat à ce sujet") and persisted for well over three months, leading Mr. Moore to virtually plead with Derrida that they "settle the matter by agreement" rather than "through attorneys' actions and the rituals of legal systems" (Moore to Derrida, February 3, 1992).
And it would be hard for Derrida to admit to the vengeance that he planned to take against Mr. Wolin from the very start-this, despite Columbia's every effort to placate Derrida by dropping his interview from future editions:
I shall pursue my investigations into the juridical aspect of the case and shall not fail to make Wolin pay the most fitting consequences.[3]
The irony is that, while Mr. Derrida has done his best to conceal these facts, they are henceforth on public display thanks to his offer to send all his correspondence on the affair to whoever requests it of him.
I myself, having received a copy of Mr. Derrida's present letter (dated February 1, 1993) on February 3, was the first to take him up on his offer-much to his astonishment and disquietude ("étonnement…inquiétude") as he told both me and The New York Review in a flurry of faxes and a phone call between February 8 and February 12.
Mr. Derrida tried a number a ploys to avoid fulfilling his promise to hand over the correspondence. At first he said his offer did not go into effect until his present letter was published in The New York Review. But he dropped that claim when it was pointed out to him that his letter places no such condition on the offer and in act declares his willingness "from the outset" ["depuis le début"] to provide the correspondence.
His second tactic was to insist, by telephone and fax, that I didn't need to see the correspondence because, as he claimed. I already had copies of all the letters he possessed. But that is not true; indeed, Derrida misquotes me in his letter above: I didn't say, "I have documentation for everything" but-there is a world of difference-"I have documentation for everything I wrote" [NYR, February 11, 1993; my emphasis]. Moreover, how could Derrida credibly claim I had all the correspondence-for example, the faxes Columbia had sent to him?
When questions like these were put to him, Mr. Derrida dropped his second line of defense.
His final ploy was to claim that what his February 1 letter means (regardless of what it actually says) is that (1) his offer was extended "primarily to readers who haven't seen the correspondence yet" and (2) that the letter expresses his "preference for publishing [the correspondence] rather than providing it to private individuals."[4]
Of course, his February 1 letter, published above, says no such thing; in fact, it says quite the opposite. And when that was pointed out to him, Mr. Derrida finally desisted, and consented to send me the correspondence-but out of courtesy, as he insists, and not in compliance with the promise he makes in his letter.
Mr. Derrida's correspondence is not a pretty business. Nonetheless, I encourage anyone who wants the facts of the matter to request the dossier from him. And I would urge Mr. Derrida, for the sake of completeness, to include in his packet the correspondence he exchanged with me and The New York Review between February 5 and February 12, 1993.
The rest of Mr. Derrida's letter is an embarrassment in both tone and content. Apart from his penchant for making personal slurs (even Mme. Ruth Valentini, subsidiary rights editor of Le Nouvel Observateur, is not spared), the following points should be noted:
(1) If the business is now known as "l'affaire Derrida," that is because Derrida's own lawyer, Mme. Anne Weill-Mace, gave it this title ("AFFAIRE: DERRIDA/N.R.: 1251") when she informed Columbia University Press that Derrida claimed the right to seize the book and "suppress" the interview. The title "l'affaire Derrida" fittingly names Derrida's claimed right to call in the police.
(2) No, I did not "forget" to contact Mr. Derrida. Having already assembled more than ample documentation on the affair, and having observed Derrida, over a period of seven months, falsify facts, distort the meaning of documents, and refuse efforts at reconciliation, I consciously chose not to contact him. The tone of his faxes to me since February 10, 1993, has only confirmed me in that decision.
(3) Nor did I insist Mr. Derrida respond to Mr. Wolin. I merely wondered-given his extraordinary cathexis on the matter, evident in his outrageous letters and ad hominem attacks-whether he didn't care to share some of his reasons. On reflection, it seems better for us all that he didn't.
(4) Regarding the translation of the interview, I maintain what I said before: there are three mistakes, at most, that are even worth talking about-unless Mr. Derrida is prepared to include a proofreader's error.
More importantly, why does Mr. Derrida display such selective outrage? So far as I know, he has never complained about the dozens of mistranslations (sometimes three to a page, some of them howlers)-plus misspellings, omissions, and manglings of the Greek-that are so liberally sprinkled over just the first forty pages of his Of Grammatology-or in other translations of his works, for that matter.
(5) As regards Mr. Derrida's continuing quarrel over the translation rights, I'll leave him to fight it out with Le Nouvel Observateur. Mme. Valentini, speaking for the journal, has told me: "The rights belong to us, except if the interviewed said he doesn't want it to be published in other countries." Since Derrida-by his and Mr. Eribon's admission-made no such stipulation, the French journal claims to own the rights. Without trying to settle the matter, I should say that two Chicago professors of law have told me that Derrida's case against Wolin doesn't have a legal leg to stand on.[5]
(6) For me the saddest thing about l'affaire Derrida is that Mr. Derrida himself just doesn't get it. He fails to see that he has only himself to thank for the time he has wasted: The question of the interview could have been settled to his complete satisfaction-without lawyers and legal threats, without sordid name-calling-well over a year ago. And he refuses to let himself believe that my article was not motivated in the least by any desire to attack his intellectual work.
Finally: in a moment of pathos Mr. Derrida asks (of Richard Wolin specifically, but it could be of any of us): "Did he think I was dead?"
No, I do not think Mr. Derrida is dead. But I do think he is suffering, quite needlessly, from a self-inflicted wound.
-February 25, 1993
(A letter from Professor Ernst Nolte in reply to Mr. Sheehan's review will appear in the next issue.)
Notes
[1] "obtenir la saisie du livre…de manière à voir supprimer…les pages 264 à 273" and "obtenir un retrait immédiat de la publication": letter of Derrida's attorney, Mme. Anne Weill-Mace, to Ms. Jennifer Crewe, senior executive editor of Columbia University Press, November 22, 1991.
[2] "Si un tel engagement ne nous [i.e., 'à moimême ou à mon avocat'] parvenait pas dans un délai raisonnable, nous devrions exiger par les voies appropriées que tous les exemplaires de The Heidegger Controversy, y compris son édition originale, soient retirés de la vente": Derrida to Moore, February 10, 1992.
[3] "…je poursuivrai mes recherches sur l'aspect juridique de la chose et ne manquerai pas de lui [i.e., Wolin] donner les suites les plus appropriées. Désolé, chère Jennifer, de devoir en venir là [etc., etc.]": letter to Ms. Jennifer Crewe of Columbia University Press, November 8, 1991. Ms. Crewe had told Derrida of Columbia's decision to drop the interview on October 31, 1991.
[4] Respectively: "en priorité aux lecteurs qui n'ont pas connaissance desdites correspondances" and "ma préférence, plutôt que pour la communication privée, pour la publication, si elle est possible, 'dans d'honnêtes conditions' de tous ces documents." [Letter to me, February 10, 1993].
[5] Mme. Valentini also told me of Mr. Didier Eribon's role in the affair. When she heard of Derrida's improbable claim that he owns the translation rights, she asked Mr. Eribon-who had conducted the interview and who had accepted royalties from Mr. Wolin when the rights were sold-to discuss the matter with Derrida. Eribon reported back what she took to be a resolution of the question, and she in turn relayed the information to Wolin (December 11, 1991). She wrote that whereas Derrida "would have wished" ("aurait souhaité") that his permission be asked concerning the translation-a courtesy, she said, that was forgotten by Le Nouvel Observateur as well as by Wolin-she nonetheless could guarantee Wolin that there would be no further consequences ("cette affaire n'aurait pas d'autre suite"). Mme. Valentini herself has interpreted that last phrase for me: "That means that there will be no following problems." Derrida, on the basis of no evidence whatever, suggests that Mme. Valentini may be intentionally misleading me.