How can the same cause have two directly opposite effects? Don't you know the fable of the Indian who was so astonished to see the European blow warm and cold with the same mouth, first when his fingers were cold and then when the soup was too hot?
I divide people, as far as their habit of body is concerned, into the following main classes: (1) the plump, (2) the thin, (3) the muscularly fat, (4) the skinny, and (5) the flabbily fat. There are, of course, many intermediate stages; for instance, one sees people who actually in the upper part of their bodies belong to the one class, and in the lower to another. The bodies of those belonging to the first class have full, long muscles, which are quite soft when in repose, the muscles of the second class are short, well marked, and often overtrained. The third class have a layer of fat above and between otherwise really good muscles, whereas the two worst classes have practically no muscles at all. It is often very difficult to classify correctly anyone wearing clothes. This a great many men commonly come under the description of "strong" who, from a physical point of view, are no good whatever, while apparently lean men may be athletes. One and the same individual can change classes from many different causes, i.e.: if a man in Class 1 be not careful, and does not lead a healthy life, he either goes over into Class 3 or (according to his age) too soon into Class 2. Class 4, with good living, becomes Class 5, and this last again, through illness or starvation, Class 4. The model of the antique statues, both men and women, belonged to Class 1; of the models of the present day, the men are generally Class 2, and the women Class 5. With sensible training (following out my directions, for instance), people of all Classes can be transformed to Class 1 (with the exception in certain cases of those in Class 2). People in Class 4 will develop the muscles of their bodies and limbs, and this grow stouter and heavier.
As far as fat people are concerned, they must first ascertain to which class they belong, as people of the fiifth Class must always proceed very gradually and cautiously.
People of the third Class can generally bear to get rid of fat quickly by long runs, sweat-baths, and rigid training. But the troublesome part of this violent method is that the fat round the waist is the last to budge, whilst it is just that that one wishes to get rid of first. So that this training, too, should be supplemented by my "Corset and rubbing exercises".
The most striking proofs with which I have hitherto become acquainted that "My System" will reduce superfluous fat are the following: -
Signor Contini, Director of the Maison Alexandre in Rome, who in two years, solely by the daily practice of "My System", reduced his weight from 123 kilograms (270 lbs.) to 78 kilograms (171 lbs.) - a loss of 99 lbs.
And a certain of the Royal Engineers, India, who reduced his weight in eighteen months from twenty-two stone to twelve stone, losing no less than 140 lbs. I could scarcely believe him until he showed me an old photo.
Both of them at the same time found that their capacity for work and their vitality has immensely increased. Besides which, it may be seen any day how people gain two to two-and-a-half inches in chest circumference while at the same time losing just as much in waist measurements.
Whereas it is a good thing for fat people to lose fat, it is a bad thing for these people to gain fat. It is true they they ought to gain weight in order to become normal, but what they put on should be sound flesh, consisting of muscular fibres and tissues and not fatty substance. They are two quite different things, just as diametrically opposite each other as "Health" and "Illness". Let us therefore for Heaven's sake discriminate between "fat" and "flesh".
I will now first give a little synopsis of the various ways to get rid of the harmful, or at all events superfluous fat, and afterwards I will give a few hints how to become normal, by putting on the right sort of flesh.
Accumulation of fat is due to want of the right method of exercise. Even healthy persons with excellent organs of assimilation will grow fat, notwithstanding the fact that they do not over-indulge in eating or drinking.
Now fat can be removed by :-
(1) Dieting (seldom very effectual, never pleasing; may affect the temper badly).
(2) Protracted Fasting (very effectual; but is dangerous if not done under proper scientific control).
(3) Turkish and other perspiration baths (not very effectual unless combined with other methods; affect heart if not strong; may cause colds).
(4) Fat-reducing drugs (check the work of the intestines so that much can be eaten without being assimilated; are poisonous and ruin the digestive organs in the long run).
(5) Proper Exercise.
Long walks are not of much use for reducing the fat of the upper body. Such exercises increase the appetite so that more food is put into the stomach, but it strengthens the legs and improves the health generally, so do not miss the walk, besides doing the right exercises to get rid of the fat.
The fat disappears by :-
(1) Working the muscles which are situated directly below the layers of fat;
(2) Hard self-massage to loosen and bring into circulation the fatty tissues, and
(3) Deep exhalations to get rid of the waste stuff burnt up in the lungs.
After practice, these three things can be done simultaneously to save time, as in my Rubbing Exercises. Sweaters are not necessary. The evaporations will leave through the naked skin, even if you do not observe any drops. Further, these proper fat-reducing exercises strengthen the general health and increase the vitality.
Now, the means to get an ideal, the true normal figure, one of First Class, the happy medium of bodily form, neither too thin nor fat, is again proper exercise, which of course must be supported by proper food and rest. There is no fear that the food will not be assimilated, because the very same exercises will stimulate all the organs of digestion and metabolism, and the other functions, especially sleep, will be perfect too, if only you will allow the necessary time, because the very same exercises teach you to relax the body and limbs completely, and they purify the blood of the poisons which otherwise rack the nerves.
It is the big muscles of the trunk, the shoulders, chest, abdomen, flanks, back, hips and loins, which if properly developed, create the beautiful harmonious figures of the classical statues, both male and female. And next in importance are the muscles groups of the limbs, situated nearest the trunk. Exercising these muscles will make the upper arms and thighs full and plump, but the limbs will be gradually slender towards the hands and feet - again the true classical shape.
The form of a muscle in repose is always harmonious, whereas the fat settles without ymmetry in ugly bulks. This fact is always forgotten, especially by the ladies who want to get plump. They imagine that "muscle" must be something male, hard and knotty. But what an unhappy mistake! It is just big muscles in a state of repose that makes the divine form of any Venus.
The whole of the matter is that too much exercise, and wrong exercises, will have bad effects. The average should be ten to twenty minutes' home gymnastics and half to one hour of open-air walking daily, supplemented by some week-end game or hobby. But do not tire the muscles or make them "dry" and hard by working them for hours without rest.
http://www.sandowplus.co.uk/Competition/Muller/System/system-intro.htm