"Of Beleriand and its Realms" Discussion Post

Jul 13, 2014 08:50

Of Beleriand and its Realms

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Welcome this fortnight's chapter discussion!

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Summary

This chapter narrates the geography of Beleriand: the land and which people settle where.

In the North, Melkor has raised the Iron Mountains, and behind them lies the fortress Angband beneath the three towers of Thangorodrim. To the west of Thangorodrim lies Hithlum, the region where Fingolfin and Fingon live. Their main fortress is at Eithel Sirion, and they keep many horses, given by Maedhros to Fingolfin in recompense. Technically, Hithlum is not considered a part of Beleriand.

Nevrast lies even further west, upon the shores of the sea. Turgon lives there in Vinyamar. The Sindar who live in that land take him as their lord.

Dorthonion is a highland with great mountains thought to keep Morgoth out. Few people live in this inhospitable land, but Angrod and Aegnor rule there as vassals of Finrod. Finrod holds the pass of Sirion and the isle upon it of Tol Sirion, where he builds the watchtower of Minas Tirith. After Nargothrond is built, Minas Tirith is mainly in Orodreth’s keeping.

The land of Beleriand is split in half by the river Sirion. Nargothrond lies in West Beleriand, between Sirion and the sea. The only place Finrod does not rule is the Falas, were Círdan is lord. With his people’s help, some of Finrod’s folk explore the Isle of Balar as a place of refuge.

Although Finrod is the youngest of the great Noldorin lords, his realm is the largest. But Fingolfin, though not even situated in Beleriand, is the overlord of all the Noldor, followed by Fingon. Their people are most feared by the Orcs.

On the other side of Sirion lies East Beleriand. In the area between the Girdle of Melian and the Mountains of Terror lies the land where Ungoliant fled. Her descendants dwell there, ensuring that few travelers ever pass there.

South of that lies Doriath. The darker forest of Neldoreth lies in the north. Between the rivers Aros and Esgalduin is the greater forest of Region. Upon the southern bank of Esgalduin is Menegroth. Almost all of Doriath lies east of Sirion, save for a small region called Nivrim where the rivers Teiglin and Sirion meet.

Southwest of Doriath, the Sirion is slowed by great swamps called Aelin-uial. South of this, the land falls sharply in a chain of hills. The river Narog comes through these hills in a gorge, on the western flank of which Finrod established Nargothrond. From the meres of Aelin-uial, Sirion’s water flows underground for three leagues until it issues forth in a place called the Gates of Sirion. Between the end of the hills and the river Gelion lies a solitary hill named Amon Ereb, where Denethor died and Maedhros will eventually live. South of that lies the wild forest of Taur-im-Duinath.

The river Gelion is a mighty river with two sources: one at the foot of the Hill of Himring and one by Mount Rerir. It later has many tributaries, and the land within the six of them is called Ossiriand. Midway through one of them-- the Adurant-- splits in two with an island called Tol Galen between its branches. Beren and Lúthien eventually dwell here.

Ossiriand is where the Green Elves dwell, whose woodcraft is so great a stranger passing through would not see them. Their singing can be heard across the Gelion. Therefore, the Noldor call the land Lindon and the mountains beyond the Ered Lindon.

This area of Beleriand is the most vulnerable to attack. Here is where the sons of Fëanor dwell. Maedhros builds a great citadel on Himring the Ever-cold. Between Himring and Dorthonion is the Pass of Aglon, held by Celegorm and Curufin. Maglor holds the gap in the hills with a cavalry. Caranthir fortifies the mountains to the gap’s east, dwelling by Mount Rerir, next to Lake Helevorn. His lands are where the Noldor first met the Dwarves. Amrod and Amras dwell in the southern woods, a land so beautiful that other Elflords visit it for pleasure.

None of the Noldor travel over the Ered Lindon while their realms last, and little news from the East comes over them.

Our Favorite Quotes

~ "But above this gate, and behind it even to the mountains, [Morgoth] piled the thunderous towers of Thangorodrim, that were made of the ash and slag of his subterranean furnaces, and the vast refuse of his tunnellings. They were black and desolate and exceedingly lofty; and smoke issued from their tops, dark and foul upon the northern sky."

~ "[Nevrast] was a hollow land, surrounded by mountains and great coast-cliffs higher than the plains behind, and no river flowed thence; and there was a great mere in the midst of Nevrast, with no cerain shores, being encircled by wide marshes. Linaewen was the name of that mere, because of the multitude of birds that dwelt there, of such as love tall reeds and shallow pools."

~ "By gentle slopes from the plain [Dorthonion] rose to a bleak and lofty land, where lay many tarns at the feet of bare tors whose heads were higher than the peaks of Ered Wethrin: but southward where it looked towards Doriath it fell suddenly in dreadful precipices."

~ "With the aid of the Elves of the Havens some of the folk of Nargothrond built new ships, and they went forth and explored the great Isle of Balar, thinking there to prepare a last refuge, if evil came; but it was not their fate that they should ever dwell there."

~ “But some twenty-five leagues east of the gorge of Nargothrond Sirion fell from the north in a mighty fall below the Meres, and then he plunged suddenly underground into great tunnels that the weight of his falling waters delved; and he issued again three leagues southward with great noise and smoke through rocky arches at the foot of the hills which were called the Gates of Sirion.”

~ "The chief citadel of Maedhros was upon the Hill of Himring, the Ever-cold; and that was wide-shouldered, bare of trees, and flat upon its summit, surrounded by many lesser hills."

~ "But there Amrod and Amras had their abode, and they came seldom northward while the Siege lasted; and there also other of the Elf-lords would ride at times, even from afar, for the land was wild but very fair."

~ “But none of the Noldor went ever over the Ered Lindon, while their realm lasted; and little news and late came into Beleriand of what passed in the regions of the East.”

Alternate Versions

The Chapter

~ There is no equivalent to this chapter in the earliest drafts. However, some description of Beleriand, then named Palisor, and the relevant places such as Artanor (Doriath), Taurfuin (Dorthonion) or Dor Lómin can be found in "Gilfanon's Tale", "The Tale of Tinúviel" and "Turambar and the Foalókë" respectively. (1; 2; 3)

~ The name of Beleriand first appears in "The Lay of Leithian". It first appears as Broceliand or Broseliand, clearly inspired by the forest of Brocéliande in Arthurian legend (today's Forêt de Paimpont in Brittany). According to the earliest 'Silmarillion' maps, "Broseliand" is the English name of 'all the lands watered by Sirion south of Gondolin'. Just how Broseliand later turned into Beleriand, and why this variant of the 'English name' became an Elvish term, is unclear. Christopher Tolkien speculates that an experimental name, Belaurien (itself based on a "Gnomish" name for Yavanna), may in combination with Broceliand/Broseliand have led to the development of Beleriand. (4)

~ The geography and power relations of Beleriand are not discussed in "The Earliest 'Silmarillion'". (5)

~ The "Quenta" introduces the first elements that will later make up this chapter: It states that Fingolfin's hosts lie in Hithlum and on its borders in the West and that the South is held by Felagund and his brothers. An as yet un-named watchtower on "an island in the river Sirion" is mentioned, as are Taur-na-Fuin and the Hill of Himling, where the Fëanorians have a watchtower although they are said to range "far and wide". Caranthir does not yet have his own abode; rather, he and his brothers come across the Dwarves collectively, and make war against them. The name of Beleriand is still given as Broseliand. (6)

~ "The Earliest Annals of Beleriand" feature a summary of Beleriand's geography in Annal 51, such as Fingolfin holding "the North-west and all Hithlum", Felagund holding the vale of Sirion save Doriath, Felagund's brothers dwelling in Taur-na-Danion (later Dorthonion) and the sons of Fëanor having a fortress upon Himling. Aside from Felagund's realm, no individual responsibilities are mentioned here. (7)

~ There are several changes in the “Later Annals of Beleriand.” Among them are the renumbering of the Annal itself to 52, the return of his horses to Fingolfin, and new information about the Green Elves. (8)

~ The chapter in the “Quenta Silmarillion” of The Lost Road is the full-fledged form of the previous material. It has been greatly expanded, with many first occurrences of names and geological features. Other features of Sirion and its tributaries that were originally unconnected (the Pools of Twilight and the Narog) are now related geographically. Orodreth is now associated with Finrod rather than Angrod and Aegnor. (9) The geography, according to Christopher, is somewhat confusing, especially as it relates to Hithlum and Thangorodrim. (10) In the QS, there are two mistakes (Dorthonion at 100 leagues and East Beleriand at 70) in the distances recorded that do not harmonize with the second “Silmarillion” map, but these were later corrected, respectively, to 60 and 99 leagues. (11)

~ The information in “Grey Annals” is likewise merely a summary of the information given elsewhere. However, there are some differences. One is that the horses were a gift to Fingolfin in atonement and not merely a return of property. Another is that Círdan’s status is uncertain: He is said to be both a vassal of Finrod and a ruler in his own right. (12)

~ The edits made in the “Later Quenta Silmarillion” tend to mostly be of name and wording changes, but there are some major ones. The entire paragraph about Nivrost is added, as is the paragraph about Ungoliant’s former abode. The information about Turgon leaving Nivrost to found Gondolin is removed, to be discussed in a later chapter. Círdan is his own lord. (13)

The Maps

~ The maps drawn to help Tolkien visualise the setting of events in the "Lay of Leithian" have been much edited and altered, but the courses of the Rivers have remained virtually unchanged. It already features many of the place-names present in the published Silmarillion, and already gives Felagund as lord of Nargothrond, with Celegorm and Curufin (previously the builders and rulers of Nargothrond) now ruling a so-called fief north-west of the Hills of the Hunters. (14)

~ The second Silmarillion map is also the final map and the one Christopher used as reference to draw the maps in the published text. While the second map is notable for its beginning lack of names (including some that were on the original map), many additions and names were drawn and written in over the years. Due to the difficulties in discussing the maps in a solely text format when not everyone has access to the HoME texts for reference (Christopher divided his redrawn maps into a grid system to make it somewhat easier in the HoME books), we will not go into the details. (15, 16)

~ The map in the published Silmarillion delineating the locations of the realms rather than the detailed geography seems to be entirely editorial in nature.

Food for Thought

~ Does anyone else wish for a giant poster-sized map of Beleriand like they sell for LotR?

~ Do you find this chapter helpful or is it a chapter you're likely to skip? Did you find it useful on your first reading (if you remember)?

~ Has the lack of scale on the maps in the published Silmarillion affected how large you think Beleriand is? (According to the distances given, using the English measurement of three miles per league, Beleriand is just under 600 miles wide-- about the size of France.)

~ Do you like the idea that Beleriand later became the setting of (part of) the Arthurian legends, as Tolkien seems to have planned at least in the beginning due to the use of the name Broceliand?

Works Cited

(1) The Book of Lost Tales 1. "Gilfanon's Tale: The Travail of the Noldoli".
(2) The Book of Lost Tales 2. "The Tale of Tinúviel".
(3) The Book of Lost Tales 3. "Turambar and the Foalókë".
(4) The Lays of Beleriand. "The Lay of Leithian", Commentary on Canto 1.
(5) The Shaping of Middle-earth. "II. The Earliest 'Silmarillion'".
(6) The Shaping of Middle-earth. "III. The Quenta", 9.
(7) The Shaping of Middle-earth. "VII. The Earliest Annals of Beleriand", Year 51.
(8) The Lost Road, The Later Annals of Beleriand, §52
(9) The Lost Road, Quenta Silmarillion, “9 Of Beleriand and its Realms”
(10) The Lost Road, Quenta Silmarillion, “9 Of Beleriand and its Realms,” Note on the Geography of the furthest North
(11) The Lost Road, Quenta Silmarillion, “9 Of Beleriand and its Realms,” Note on Distances
(12) The War of the Jewels, The Grey Annals, §83-86
(13) The War of the Jewels, The Later Quenta Silmarillion, (11 Of Beleriand and its Realms”
(14) The Shaping of Middle-earth. "IV. The First 'Silmarillion' Map".
(15) The Lost Road, Appendix, “II The Second ‘Silmarillion’ Map”
(16) The War of the Jewels, The Later Quenta Silmarillion, “Of Beleriand and its Realms”

Please note: We don't know everything and it's perfectly possible that we missed something. These summaries and questions are by no means supposed to be complete and exhaustive. If you have looked further into this particular topic or would like to discuss something that we've overlooked, please share it!

Also, please don't be afraid to talk amongst yourselves. We don't want this to be an echo chamber or for us to be lecturing to you. We want this to be a discussion among the community as a whole - everybody's got something to contribute!

Finally, don't forget to rec your favorite fanworks related to this chapter in the Fanworks Rec Post.

silmarillion re-read, reading group, discussion

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