Шумеро-тибето-бирманские схождения
Оригинал взят из давнего поста у banshur69 в Шумеро-тибето-бирманские схождения
Прочел и перечел книгу Яна Брауна "Шумерский и тибето-бирманские языки". Большинство предлагаемых схождений опровергается очень легко. Но есть несколько слов, которые могут вызвать интерес.
Начал смотреть базу сино-тибетских в TB - и нахожу слова, которых даже нет у Брауна. Например, в шумерских заговорах нередки случаи, когда вместо dag на третьей позиции формулы святости следует shen. Т.е. либо kug-sikil-dadag, либо kug-sikil-shen.
1. тиб.-бирм. nga = шум. ngae "я"
2. бирм. lu = шум. lu2 "человек"
3. бирм. du(h) = шум. du10 (dug, dub) "колено"
4. тиб. kha = шум. ka (с падежами kag "рот")
5. Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *lŭp
Meaning: pit
Chinese: 隰 *lhǝp low, wet ground.
Tibetan: rlubs ditch, pit, pool, abyss.
Burmese: lup a cavity, the cavity of the mouth.
Lepcha: lap a well
= шум. ub4 > аккад. huppu "pit, cavity" (интересен переход l > h)
6. Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *Krij
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: brass, copper
Tibetan: gri knife.
Burmese: krijh copper, brass, LB *krijx .
Kachin: mǝgri1 brass (cf. also (H) n-khji a small knife)).
Lushai: KC *M-Gre ? iron
= шум. ngiri2 "кинжал, нож, меч".
7. Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *tŏm (~d-,-ŭ-)
Meaning: mortar, pestle
Chinese: 舂 *toŋ to hull grain with a pestle; beating stick for beating time in music.
Kachin: thum2 mortar
= шум. tun3 "топор"
8. Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *tī̆kʷ
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: good, sufficient
Chinese: 淑 *d_ikʷ fine, good.
Tibetan: sdug pretty, nice.
Burmese: thǝuk be worth, have certain value; be lucky.
Kachin: (H) thik be lucky (probably from Burm.).
Lushai: tōk be enough, sufficient, adequate.
Kiranti: *dǝ́k (/-ŋ; ~ *dók) =
= шум. dug3, du10 "быть хорошим, приятным, сладким, пресным, вкусным".
9. Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *Tǝ̆k
Meaning: clean, limpid
Chinese: 湜 *d_ǝk limpid, clear.
Tibetan: dag clean, pure =
= шум. dag-dag > dadag "быть чистым, священным"
10. Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *chĕŋ
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: clean, clear
Chinese: 清 *cheŋ clear, pure, bright.
Tibetan: saŋs (p. (b)saŋs, f. (b)saŋ) to clean (dirt etc.), cleanse, (b)seŋ clean, white, ãchaŋ to take away, to take off (cf. also gcaŋ be clean, chaŋs purified, clean).
Burmese: ćaŋ be clean, pure.
Kachin: seŋ1, ceŋ1 be clean, pure, free (cf. also (H) coŋ to remove, clear away).
Lushai: thiaŋ (thian) be clear, KC *M-r?-thiaŋʔ.
Lepcha: čóŋ to wash, to cleanse, to purify
Kiranti: *sèŋ =
= шум. shen "быть чистым, священным"
11. Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ŋāH
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: five
Chinese: 五 *ŋhāʔ five.
Tibetan: lŋa five.
Burmese: ŋah five, LB *ŋhax.
Kachin: mǝŋa1 five.
Lushai: ŋa, paŋa five.
Kiranti: *ŋǝ ( ~ -a) =
= шум. ja2 "пять"
12. Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *lĭj (p-)
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: four
Chinese: 四 *slhij-s.
Tibetan: bźi four.
Burmese: lijh four, LB *(b)lijx.
Kachin: mǝli1 four.
Lushai: li four, KC *b-n-d'-li
Kiranti: *bhlí ( / *bhä́li) =
= шум. limmu2
13. Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *sǝ̆ (r-)
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: sinew, tendon, thread
Chinese: 絲 *sǝ silk, thread.
Tibetan: rca, rcad vein, root.
Kachin: lǝsa3 a tendon, sinew.
Lushai: tha sinew, tendon, KC *Vr-tha.
Lepcha: so
Kiranti: *sǝ́ =
= шум. sa "жила, мускул, струна"
14. Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *śūm
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: take hold of; fist, a fist-measure
Kachin: šum1 to take hold of, ginšum3 to embrace, lǝšum3 a hold
Lushai: sūm to catch hold of with closed fist; to withhold, hold back; a measurement equal to twice the length of the closed fist =
= шум. sum, shum2 "отдавать в руки, дарить"
15. Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ʔʷīj (s-)
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: blood
Chinese: 血 *swhīt blood.
Tibetan: yi spirit.
Burmese: swijh blood, LB *Sujx.
Kachin: sai2 blood.
Lushai: thi blood, KC *thi.
Lepcha: vi
Kiranti: *hì
Comments: Tsangla yi; BG: Dimasa thi, Garo anʔ-tśi, Bodo tǝ́y; Rawang śö; Trung čǝi1; Kanauri świ; Rgyarung -śi; Moshang tă-gri; Banpara a-dźi; Miri iyu; Vayu vi; Bahing hu-si; Digaro hǝroi~hrwei. Sh. 52, 135, 442; Ben. 51; Mat 181
= шум. zi, shi "жизнь, душа".
16. Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *mrĕŋ
Meaning: cry (of animals, birds)
Chinese: 鳴 *mreŋ cry of birds, sound of animals generally.
Tibetan: smreŋ, smraŋ word, speech.
Burmese: mrań to sound, cry (of birds) =
= шум. mushen, mutin "птица".
17. Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *tōŋ / *tōn (~ d-)
Meaning: winter, autumn
Chinese: 冬 *tūŋ winter.
Tibetan: ston autumn.
Kachin: ginthoŋ3 the dry season
Comments: Here perhaps Tani *doŋ 'rain'. Cf. PAN *rendeŋ 'wet season, winter'.
= шум. ten, te-na "прохлада, холод", en-te-na "зима".
Прочел и перечел книгу Яна Брауна "Шумерский и тибето-бирманские языки". Большинство предлагаемых схождений опровергается очень легко. Но есть несколько слов, которые могут вызвать интерес.
Начал смотреть базу сино-тибетских в TB - и нахожу слова, которых даже нет у Брауна. Например, в шумерских заговорах нередки случаи, когда вместо dag на третьей позиции формулы святости следует shen. Т.е. либо kug-sikil-dadag, либо kug-sikil-shen.
1. тиб.-бирм. nga = шум. ngae "я"
2. бирм. lu = шум. lu2 "человек"
3. бирм. du(h) = шум. du10 (dug, dub) "колено"
4. тиб. kha = шум. ka (с падежами kag "рот")
5. Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *lŭp
Meaning: pit
Chinese: 隰 *lhǝp low, wet ground.
Tibetan: rlubs ditch, pit, pool, abyss.
Burmese: lup a cavity, the cavity of the mouth.
Lepcha: lap a well
= шум. ub4 > аккад. huppu "pit, cavity" (интересен переход l > h)
6. Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *Krij
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: brass, copper
Tibetan: gri knife.
Burmese: krijh copper, brass, LB *krijx .
Kachin: mǝgri1 brass (cf. also (H) n-khji a small knife)).
Lushai: KC *M-Gre ? iron
= шум. ngiri2 "кинжал, нож, меч".
7. Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *tŏm (~d-,-ŭ-)
Meaning: mortar, pestle
Chinese: 舂 *toŋ to hull grain with a pestle; beating stick for beating time in music.
Kachin: thum2 mortar
= шум. tun3 "топор"
8. Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *tī̆kʷ
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: good, sufficient
Chinese: 淑 *d_ikʷ fine, good.
Tibetan: sdug pretty, nice.
Burmese: thǝuk be worth, have certain value; be lucky.
Kachin: (H) thik be lucky (probably from Burm.).
Lushai: tōk be enough, sufficient, adequate.
Kiranti: *dǝ́k (/-ŋ; ~ *dók) =
= шум. dug3, du10 "быть хорошим, приятным, сладким, пресным, вкусным".
9. Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *Tǝ̆k
Meaning: clean, limpid
Chinese: 湜 *d_ǝk limpid, clear.
Tibetan: dag clean, pure =
= шум. dag-dag > dadag "быть чистым, священным"
10. Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *chĕŋ
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: clean, clear
Chinese: 清 *cheŋ clear, pure, bright.
Tibetan: saŋs (p. (b)saŋs, f. (b)saŋ) to clean (dirt etc.), cleanse, (b)seŋ clean, white, ãchaŋ to take away, to take off (cf. also gcaŋ be clean, chaŋs purified, clean).
Burmese: ćaŋ be clean, pure.
Kachin: seŋ1, ceŋ1 be clean, pure, free (cf. also (H) coŋ to remove, clear away).
Lushai: thiaŋ (thian) be clear, KC *M-r?-thiaŋʔ.
Lepcha: čóŋ to wash, to cleanse, to purify
Kiranti: *sèŋ =
= шум. shen "быть чистым, священным"
11. Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ŋāH
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: five
Chinese: 五 *ŋhāʔ five.
Tibetan: lŋa five.
Burmese: ŋah five, LB *ŋhax.
Kachin: mǝŋa1 five.
Lushai: ŋa, paŋa five.
Kiranti: *ŋǝ ( ~ -a) =
= шум. ja2 "пять"
12. Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *lĭj (p-)
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: four
Chinese: 四 *slhij-s.
Tibetan: bźi four.
Burmese: lijh four, LB *(b)lijx.
Kachin: mǝli1 four.
Lushai: li four, KC *b-n-d'-li
Kiranti: *bhlí ( / *bhä́li) =
= шум. limmu2
13. Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *sǝ̆ (r-)
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: sinew, tendon, thread
Chinese: 絲 *sǝ silk, thread.
Tibetan: rca, rcad vein, root.
Kachin: lǝsa3 a tendon, sinew.
Lushai: tha sinew, tendon, KC *Vr-tha.
Lepcha: so
Kiranti: *sǝ́ =
= шум. sa "жила, мускул, струна"
14. Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *śūm
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: take hold of; fist, a fist-measure
Kachin: šum1 to take hold of, ginšum3 to embrace, lǝšum3 a hold
Lushai: sūm to catch hold of with closed fist; to withhold, hold back; a measurement equal to twice the length of the closed fist =
= шум. sum, shum2 "отдавать в руки, дарить"
15. Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ʔʷīj (s-)
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: blood
Chinese: 血 *swhīt blood.
Tibetan: yi spirit.
Burmese: swijh blood, LB *Sujx.
Kachin: sai2 blood.
Lushai: thi blood, KC *thi.
Lepcha: vi
Kiranti: *hì
Comments: Tsangla yi; BG: Dimasa thi, Garo anʔ-tśi, Bodo tǝ́y; Rawang śö; Trung čǝi1; Kanauri świ; Rgyarung -śi; Moshang tă-gri; Banpara a-dźi; Miri iyu; Vayu vi; Bahing hu-si; Digaro hǝroi~hrwei. Sh. 52, 135, 442; Ben. 51; Mat 181
= шум. zi, shi "жизнь, душа".
16. Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *mrĕŋ
Meaning: cry (of animals, birds)
Chinese: 鳴 *mreŋ cry of birds, sound of animals generally.
Tibetan: smreŋ, smraŋ word, speech.
Burmese: mrań to sound, cry (of birds) =
= шум. mushen, mutin "птица".
17. Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *tōŋ / *tōn (~ d-)
Meaning: winter, autumn
Chinese: 冬 *tūŋ winter.
Tibetan: ston autumn.
Kachin: ginthoŋ3 the dry season
Comments: Here perhaps Tani *doŋ 'rain'. Cf. PAN *rendeŋ 'wet season, winter'.
= шум. ten, te-na "прохлада, холод", en-te-na "зима".