Athoyoan Nouns
Athoio, originally written in a modified form of the Atlantean alphabet, has short vowels, long vowels, long diphthongs, and six short diphthongs -- from ae, ai, ea, ei, oi, and ou respectively. In Roman letters, due to the ASCII template the original transcribers had to work with, these are represented as follows:
Short VowelsLong VowelsShort DiphthongsLong Diphthongs
aâaiáì
à (ea)áù
eêè (ei)éì
iîoióì
oôò (ou)û (ou)
u (or y)ýùæéù
For instance, the language would properly be transcribed Athóìò.
Diphthongs from "ê-u" and "u-i" also exist, but are relatively rare. The diphthong æ, according to records, was a sound relatively recently borrowed from the Genii; also, short "a," "e," and "u/y" often go to the schwa when unstressed. In written Athoio, â, ê, î, ô, and ýù are written as ligatures of "aa," "ee," "ii," "oo," and "uu" respectively, as are "æ," "ai," and "oi." The long diphthongs are written as simple combinations of letters, and à, è, ò are either not distinguished from "a," "e," "o" or are underlined (the latter in manuscripts that also have tone changes written in and sometimes poem feet marked).
Transcription orthography reflects the tendency of "s" to go to "z" midword in some cases; this is not the case in the Athoyoan alphabet, which has a letter for "dz" but not for "z" itself. Final "s," when after an unstressed syllable and not before a word beginning with a consonant or hard vowel, can be pronounced as "z." "C/k" is hard before consonants and the hard vowels, and makes an "s" sound before the soft vowels "i," "e," and "y," and thus has been rendered as "c"; the diphthongs "e-u" and "ê-u" act as hard vowels, and so the "c/k" before them is rendered as "k" to avoid confusion. The combination "c/k"-"h" has lost its aspiration and is thus always pronounced as "k," and rendered as such. Similarly, "tsh" is represented as "ch" and "dzh" as "j." Their letter q, which originally represented a qoppa sound (the k^w phoneme), acts and is represented as "k" before a soft vowel and "kw" before a long one.
The diaresis (two dots over a vowel) signifies that it is not a diphthong. Ê is supposed to be held for a little longer than à, but if you pronounce them both the same you'll be doing as well as most of the Athosian speakers.
Among the translated Atlantean records is one that says that the Atlanteans peopling the terraformed worlds with humans taught many of them the Asgard or Nox languages; since it has been postulated that the Asgard taught the Proto-Indo-Europeans their language, it is not surprising that Athoio appears to be Indo-European. (The pronounced similarity to a particular branch may be due either to the same linguistic oddity that caused Alteran to go through a period of more complexity over the millennia, developing several extra tenses and having many simpler forms give way to diphthongs and consonant clusters before simplifying again, or to the ancient Athosian legend that the people of Murmeh, one of their earliest trading-partners, who spoke the same tongue as they did, were one day removed bodily from their world by a Returning Ancestor to a place where there were no Wraith. Since Ascended beings have been known to be able to act once before struck down by their fellows, this is not entirely impossible.)
The nouns decline in three numbers and three declensions, known in Athoio as "hands"; the Athoyoan cases "palm, thumb, forefinger, tallfinger, heartfinger, littlefinger" correspond very closely to Tellurian grammar's "vocative, nominative, genitive, dative, locative, accusative" and will be listed in that order.
("Athoio" is an irregular noun and declines funny: Athóìo, Athóìò, Athôyos, Athûi, Athóìò.)
While some nouns have been taken into Gatespeech by their thumb/nominative forms (bantos "bantos rod"/"fighting stick," paltos "paltos javelin," enkeia "spear-thrower"), most names come from their vocative forms (hence "Athos" from Athos rather than Athôs, and "Teyla Emmagan" Téìla Emmâgan rather than Téìlâ Emmâgên). The shift into Gatespeech-as-primary-language accelerated the trends of first-hand nouns' last syllable shortening and first- and second-hand nouns with n-stems swallowing their endings (Cylin, Halling, Toran) and caused third-hand nouns with ôn-stems to shorten the o and lose the n in most cases: "Jinto" derives from an earlier form "Dyintone" (Dyintôn) rhyming with "telephone."
First-hand nouns are largely feminine, except for a few masculine ones that kindly put an s on the end of their nominative and whose genitives end in -âo.
First Hand Singular:voc.nom.gen.dat.loc.acc.
TeylaTéìlaTéìlâTéìlâsTéìlâyiTéìláìhiTéìlân
MartaMârtaMârtaMârtàsMârtàyiMârtaihiMârtan
Cylin
woman's nameSáìlinSáìlinaSáìlinàsSáìlinàyiSáìlinaihiSáìlinan
enkeia
spear-throwerenkéìaenkéìaenkéìâsenkéìâyienkéìáìhienkéìan
satinay
war-cartsâtinàsâtinàsâtinàssâtinàyisâtináìhisâtinàn
Damia
woman's nameDâmiaDâmiâDâmiâsDâmiâyiDâmiáìhiDâmiân
Halling*HâllingHâllingasHâllingâyoHâllingâyiHâllingaihiHâllingan
corra**
daughter, girl,
young womancòrracorwàcorwàscorwàyicorwáìhicorwàn
One will only use locatives of people's names for medical matters ("Teyla has Wraith DNA" would literally be something like "[there] is Téìláìhi Wraith breeding") or with reference to intangibles: esti ocnos Martaihi "Marta's scared," and the poetic "there is joy/sorrow/rage in X" matches the prosaic "X is glad/sad/mad."
* Male given names ending in "-ling" or "-ing" are first-hand-masculine, and are loan-names ultimately derived from a non-Athoio patronymic.
**Irregular noun, apparently related to the Genii goddess Cora. Opinion is divided as to whether the Genii Confederacy included Athosian colonies or whether Athoio and one of the proto-Genii languages derived from a common root; the postulated date for either is between 3,000 and 1,000 B.C.E., and those few Genii records dating from within that window don't specify.
First Hand Dual:voc.nom.gen.dat.loc.acc.
TeylaTéìlâTéìlâTéìláìhinTéìláìhinTéìláìhinTéìlâ
MartaMârtâMârtâMârtáìhinMârtáìhinMârtáìhinMârtâ
CylinSáìlinâSáìlinâSáìlináìnSáìlináìnSáìlináìnSáìlinâ
enkeia
spear-throwerenkéìâenkéìâenkéìáìhinenkéìáìhinenkéìáìhinenkéìâ
satinay
war-cartsâtinâsâtinâsâtináìhinsâtináìhinsâtináìhinsâtinâ
HallingHâllingâHâllingâHâllingáìnHâllingáìnHâllingáìnHâllingâ
corra
daughter, girl,
young womancorwâcorwâcorwáìncorwáìncorwáìncorwâ
First Hand Plural:voc.nom.gen.dat.loc.acc.
TeylaTéìlaiTéìlaiTéìlâôn
(or Téìlahôn)Téìlâîs
(or Téìlahîs)TéìlâsiTéìlâns
MartaMârtaiMârtaiMârtäônMârtayîsMârtàsiMârtans
CylinSáìlinaiSáìlinaiSáìlinäônSáìlinayîsSáìlinasiSáìlinans
enkeia
spear-throwerenkéìaienkéìaienkéìâôn
(or enkéìahôn)enkéìâîs
(or enkéìahîs)enkéìâsienkéìâns
satinay
war-cartsâtinaisâtinaisâtinâôn
(or sâtinahôn)sâtinàyîssâtinàsisâtinâns
HallingHâllingaiHâllingaiHâllingäônHâllingayîsHâllingasiHâllingans
corra
daughter, girl,
young womancòrraicòrraicòrräôncòrrayîscorwàsicorwans
Most women's names, among the Athosians and even throughout the rest of the galaxy, fit on the first hand: Kina (-às), Shirrin (-a, às), Mara (-âs). So do a few men's names: Eyving (-as, -âo), and the usual patronymic -idas (Hâllingidâs). Many specifically feminine nouns are also first-hand: terapanyâ "(medical) nurse," tittànà, "wet-nurse," máìa "mom/ma'am," and the very irregular amma, -as, -âs "mother"; as are a few other collective or indefinite nouns: wordonyâ "rosebriar," Athòzia/Athòzya "new homeland of the Athosians," selkniâ "culling."
While Athoio has words for "son" and "daughter," often "child" or a patronymic is used instead: Téìlâ Emmâgên, Tagâniss.
Second-hand nouns are mostly either masculine (nominative ending in -os; some preserve the original vocative ending -ë) or neuter (vocative, nominative and accusative singulars ending in -o and plurals in -a). There are a very few feminine ones and some that can be masculine or feminine, but both of those decline exactly like the masculine. The masculine genitive ending -oyo should not be mistaken for the -io element in Athóìò; the first is from a primitive ending -osho (preserved in some words) and the second from an appositive enclitic (tack-on) added to the same primitive stem that with an s-ending became Athos.
Second Hand Singular:voc.nom.gen.dat.loc.acc.
bantos
fighting stickbantëbantosbantoyobantôyibantoihibanton
TaganTagânTagânosTagânoyoTagânôyiTagânoihiTagânon
ToranToranToranosToranoyoToranôyiToranoihiToranon
Nomar
man's nameNòmârNòmârosNòmâroyoNòmârôyiNòmâroihiNòmâron
tuttle*
plant whose root has
onion-garlic-carrot tastetatltatltatlòstatlôyitatloihitatl
wordo**
(blue) rosewordowordowordòswordôyiwordoihiwordo
struthos***
draft-birdstrûtëstrûthosstrûthoyo
(or strûtosho)strûthôyistrûthoihistrûthon
corwus****
youth, young man
(in poetry, "son")corrëcorwuscorroshcorwôyicorroihicorwyn
Second-hand-neuter nouns end in -o. Usually.
*Syllabic l became either syncopated or yl (just as syllabic r becomes either syncopated or yr and syllabic m and n become syncopated, yn, or an) in Middle Athoio; in Late Athoio, l often became syllabic again in some cases.
**In poetry, wordo sometimes becomes wrodo or 'rodo, poss. influenced by worodz "rosebush" or Alteran roza "rosebush" and rozal "rose." Between that and erýùdros, -a, o "red," "red/pink rose" is 'rodo or frodo.
***"Struthos" is feminine by default, but can be masculine when referring to a male bird. "Strutosh" would be "struthosh," but the th in front of the sh doesn't.
****Irregular, from "corwos."
Second Hand Dual:voc.nom.gen.dat.loc.acc.
bantos
fighting stickbantôbantôbantóìhinbantóìhinbantóìhinbantô
TaganTagânôTagânôTagânóìnTagânóìnTagânóìnTagânô
ToranToranôToranôToranóìnToranóìnToranóìnToranô
Nomar
man's nameNòmârôNòmârôNòmaróìhinNòmaróìhinNòmaróìhinNòmârô
tuttle
plant whose root has
onion-garlic-carrot tastetatlôtatlôtatlóìhintatlóìhintatlóìhintatlô
wordo
(blue) rosewordôwordôwordóìnwordóìnwordóìnwordô
struthos
draft-birdstrûthôstrûthôstrûthóìhinstrûthóìhinstrûthóìhinstrûthô
corwus
youth, young man
(in poetry, "son")corwô
(or corroi)corwô
(or corroi)corwóìncorwóìncorwóìncorwô
(or corroi)In "Tagan" and "Nomar," the last consonant of the root migrates from its home syllable to the beginning of the next in the genitive and dative cases.
Second Hand Plural:voc.nom.gen.dat.loc.acc.
bantos
fighting stickbantoibantoibantöônbantöîsbantoisibantons
TaganTagânoiTagânoiTagânöônTagânöîsTagânóìsiTagânons
ToranToranoiToranoiToranöônToranöîsToranóìsiToranons
tuttle
plant whose root has
onion-garlic-carrot tastetatlatatlatatl-ôn*tatl-îstatloisitatla
wordo
(blue) rosewordawordawordöônwordöîswordoisiworda
struthos
draft-birdstrûthoistrûthoistrûthöônstrûthöîsstrûthóìsistrûthons
corwus
youth, young man
(in poetry, "son")corroicorroicorröôncorröîscorwóìsicorwons*Syllabic l again.
Several male names are hidden second-hand nouns -- Geron, Daran, Strutharc -- but mostly the second hand is kept for things: rocks, rivers, danger, death, Ancestors, modern Athosians (Athozioi), ancient Athosians (Mirinoi), people from other places, presents, paltos javelins, and large animals. Cf. also Mormor, "Wraith" (singular or in general).
Third-hand nouns can be anything, and often are. All the Athosian family names are third-hand nouns, and are masculine or feminine as appropriate when referring to people and masculine when referring to, say, the family Emmagan.
Third Hand Singular:voc.nom.gen.dat.loc.acc.
JintoJintòJintôJintònosJintònëyiJintòniJintòna
CharinCharinCharanCharinosCharinëiChariniCharina
WexWexWecêsWecëzosWecëyiWexiWecëza
EmmaganEmmâganEmmâgénEmmâgantosEmmâgantëyiEmmâgantiEmmâganta
Tallit
woman's nameTallit(1)Tallits
(or Talliss)TallithosTallitëyiTallitiTâlitha
Irrylar
Athosian surnameIrrylârIrrylârIrrylârthosIrrylârttiIrrylârttiIrrylârtha
Lumy
woman's nameLûmîLûmîsLûmîosLûmîiLûmîi
(or Lûmî)Lûmîa
enkos
spearenkësenkosenkëzosenkëzëyienkëzienkos
Atlantis
(loanword)AtlæntiAtlæntisAtlænteôs(2)AtlæntéìAtlæntiAtlæntin
karit
favor, grace,
source of joy
(woman's name)karitkaritskaritoskaritëyikaritikarin
(or Karita)
orneek
bird, theropod dinosaur(3)ornîcornîxornîkwosornîkëyiornîkiornîkwa
pharmakeus
medicine man,
doctor (male)(4)pharmakéù(5)pharmakéùspharmacêwospharmacêùyi(6)pharmacêwipharmacêwa
Treyidaze
Athosian surnameTrêïdàs(7)TrêïdêssTrêïdëôsTrêïdëêyiTrêïdeyîTrêïdëâ
taylus
woman
(as opposed to "man")têlutêlustêléùòstêlëwéìtêléìtêlà
(a)nayr
man
(as opposed to "woman")nàranêr
(or nêr)anrosanrëyi
(or anréì)anëri
(or neri)anra
suïus(8)
sonsýùîussýùîos
(or sýùîus)sýùîëos
(or sýùyos)sýùîëfi(9)
(or sýùyéì)sýùîuti
(or sýùyî)sýùîon
(or sýùya)
Taganiz
daughter of TaganTagâniz(10)TagânissTagânidosTagânidëyiTagânidiTagânida
Athos(11)AthosAthôsAthozosAthozëyiAthoshiAthoza
(1) Can also be spelt Tâlit (and spelling carried through declensions); compare Tellurian Aiden/Aidan.
(2)"Atlantis" and "taylus" have genitive -eôs rather than -êos because it flows better that way. "Teyla," despite initial appearances, is probably related to "Atlantis" (variation of Atlansis, Old Alteran locative of atlas, Athoio atlâs, "dauntless enterprise"; téìla would then derive from "accomplish," being a milder variation on "make bold to do with great pain") rather than "taylus."
(3) Spelled "ornîq." Compare óìôn, -os "dinosaur, bird" and ornë, ornë, ornëòs "bird."
(4)Has feminine equivalent pharmaciz; pharmakeus, pharmaciz, and the compound noun pharmachâtêr "physician, doctor, surgeon" are all rendered by "medicin" in Gatespeech.
(5)In proper names, the vocative ending -éù is usually pronounced -ev.
(6) êù represents a diphthong.
(7)From the patronymic Trêïdâs, Trêïz, "son/daughter of Trev."
(8) "Taylus" and "nayr" are slightly irregular (the latter used to be syllabic n, syllabic r, and the first actually uses the rare Athosian contractions as a matter of course), but "suyïus" is really irregular.
(9) The -ti and -fi of the most common locative and dative for this word are properly not inflections (changes to the word itself) but enclitics (things tacked onto the word stem); -fi is irregular for -pi and usually denotes ablative or instrumental action (of a first-hand noun, more than one third-hand-noun, and can be singular/dual/plural when added to second-hand stems). While -ti is a locative enclitic, it functions differently from the locative case: sammes Atlænteti "we are (now) in Atlantis," Téìlâ snâyëti Atlænti "Teyla lives in Atlantis." Compare Téìlâ bantopi kratista Atlænteôs estin "Teyla is best with bantos rods in Atlantis," where location is expressed by the forefinger/genitive.
(10) Properly spelt Tagânidz, but in names and in the strutiz bird always pronounced -iz.
(11)Athoio contains a grand total of three third-hand os-stem nouns: two never occur in anything but the singular and the other steals its dual and plural forms from the second hand, and all have -oshi for -osi.
Third Hand Dual:voc.nom.gen.dat.loc.acc.
JintoJintònëJintònëJintònóìhinJintònóìhinJintònóìhinJintònë
CharinCharinëCharinëCharinóìnCharinóìnCharinóìnCharinë
WexWexëWexëWecëzóìnWecëzóìnWecëzóìnWexë
EmmaganEmmâgantëEmmâgantëEmmâgantóìhinEmmâgantóìhinEmmâgantóìhinEmmâgantë
Tallit
woman's nameTallitëTallitëTallithóìhinTallithóìhinTallithóìhinTallitë
Irrylar
Athosian surnameIrrylârtëIrrylârtëIrrylârthóìhinIrrylârthóìhinIrrylârthóìhinIrrylârtë
Lumy
woman's nameLûmîëLûmîëLûmîyóìnLûmîyóìnLûmîyóìnLûmîë
enkos
spearenkëzëenkëzëenkësóìnenkësóìnenkësóìnenkëzë
AtlantisAtlæntèAtlæntèAtlæntëóìnAtlæntëóìnAtlæntëóìnAtlæntè
karit
favor, grace,
source of joy
(woman's name)karitëkaritëkaritóìhinkaritóìhinkaritóìhinkaritë
orneek
bird, theropod dinosaurornîkëornîkëornîküóìhin*ornîküóìhinornîküwóìhinornîkë
pharmakeus
medicine man,
doctor (male)pharmacêüpharmacêüpharmacêwóìhinpharmacêwóìhinpharmacêwóìhinpharmacêü
Treyidaze
Athosian surnameTrêïdêTrêïdêTrêïdëóìnTrêïdëóìnTrêïdëóìnTrêïdê
taylus
woman
(as opposed to "man")têlètêlètêlëóìntêlëóìntêlëóìntêlè
(a)nayr
man
(as opposed to "woman")nàrëanërëneróìhinneróìhinneróìhinanërë
suïus
sonsýùîë
(or corroi)
(or sýùyë)sýùîë
(or corroi)sýùîëóìn
(or corróìn)sýùîëóìn
(or corróìn)sýùîëóìn
(or corróìn)sýùîë
(or corroi)
Taganiz
daughter of TaganTagânidëTagânidëTagânidóìhinTagânidóìhinTagânidóìhinTagânidë
*The potential qoppa-ness of the ornîq stem melds with the ë and turns it into a ü.
Third Hand Plural:voc.nom.gen.dat.loc.acc.
JintoJintònësJintònësJintònônJintònessiJintònziJintònas
CharinCharinësCharinësCharinônCharinëssiCharinziCharinas
WexWexësWexësWexôn*WexëssiWecëssiWecëzas
EmmaganEmmâgantësEmmâgantësEmmâgantônEmmâgantëssiEmmâganssiEmmâgantas
Tallit
woman's nameTallitësTallitësTallithônTallitëssiTallichi****
(or Tallissi)Tallithas
Lumy
woman's nameLûmîësLûmîësLûmîyônLûmîëssiLûmîsiLûmîyas
enkos
spearenkëzaenkëzaenkësônenkëzessienkëssienkëza
AtlantisAtlæntèsAtlæntèsAtlæntëônAtlæntessiAtlænssiAtlæntès**
karit
favor, grace,
source of joy
(woman's name)karitëskaritëskaritônkaritëssikaritsi
(or Karitasi)karitas
orneek
bird, theropod dinosaurornîkësornîkësornîkwônornîkëssiornîxi***ornès***
(or ornîs)
pharmakeus
medicine man,
doctor (male)pharmacêwispharmacêwëspharmacêwônpharmacêwëssipharmacêùshipharmacêwas
Treyidaze
Athosian surnameTrêïdëêssTrêïdëêssTrêïdëônTrêïdëêssiTrêïdêsiTrêïdëâss
taylus
woman
(as opposed to "man")têlèstêlèstêllôntêlèssitêlësitêlàs****
(a)nayr
man
(as opposed to "woman")anrësanërësanrôn
(or nerôn)anrëssianrasianras
suïus
sonsýùïyèssýùîëess
(or sýùyës)sýùïyëônsýùîessi
(or sýùyóìsi)sýùîasisýùîëas
(or sýùyas)
Taganiz
daughter of TaganTagânidësTagânidësTagânidônTagânidëssiTagânidziTagânidas*One would expect "Wecësôn," but it isn't.
**In i-stem nouns, the accusative plural ends in -ès rather than às, logic notwithstanding.
***Irregular: one would expect "ornîkshi" and "ornîkas." The first is due to the long i just preceding the consonants; the latter is just weird.
****More irregularities.
Other third-hand nouns include:
wekëes, wokos, wekëzos "wagon,"
burx, purgos, burxos "tower,"
thalamax, thalamacos "wife, husband, comrade" (contrast thalamàpolos "person marrying into the family," thalaméùtos "person who married in [as opposed to being born within it],"
konàoros, "conjoined," "wife, husband"),
worodz, woross, wordos "rosebush,"
strûttiz, -iss, idos "small sparrow-looking bird,"
Mormô, -n, -nos "Wraith Queen,"
and the family names Attaven (Ættaven, -ên), Norriten (Nòrriten, -ên), and Ossaring (Ossaring, -inx). While the patronymic -idas/-iz is more common, third-hand -idôn/-idonza is also well-attested.
In the epic Marta Irrylar has been working on since she left Athos, many of the aliens' given names are treated as vocatives of the first or second hand: viz. extended forms Elizabetha, -âs; Catherina, -às [and its diminutives Kétà, -às and Càtî, -îs]; Sòra, -âs; Chèya, -âs; Evanas, -âyo; Acæstas, -âyo; Áìdenos, -oyo; Carsonos, -oyo; and the form "Daniêlos, -oyo" was cheerfully contributed on the grounds that it was a perfectly good second-declension noun, look at Josephus.
Similarly, their family names were more or less well rendered as third-hand nouns (Cusanagi, -s, Lòrn, -s, Bekit, -s, Bekitos without undue violence; Fòrd, Fòrdz and Kellyr, Kellýùr nearly as well; Bàts, Bâts, Bàtos and Mârkam, Mârkans, Mârkamos taking a bit more work, Stækáùs, Stækáùs, Stækâwos requiring one to remember that on this occasion one does pronounce the h [remembering that in their writing system it would be Stækhaus], and Cavanâ would obviously be much happier if it could be numbered on the first hand rather than forced to the form Cavanâ, Cavanâ, Cavanäôs) as for that matter was Êârwyn, Êârwan, Êârwyntos.
So were many other proper nouns (Radnî, -s; Mico, Micôn, -onos; læbtop, læbtops; Tîr, Tîr, Tîros; choc'la, choc'lat, choc'latos; Jennifar, -fer, -faros; and the new gatespeech loanword stannulzaltris, -tris, -tricos which Marta has dutifully glossed both guronàüs, -nàüs, -nàwos and libadzâlmna, -a, -às "puddlejumper." The family names Jæckidon, -dôn, -dontos and 'mcKéìya, -ya, -yatos (lit. 'mcQéìya) were the result of some helpful person explaining Tellurian patronymic-derived surnames to her; the latter, however, takes its form from the traditional Athoio representation of Genii surnames from the old patrix families: cf. Còlya(, -ya, yatos), Fafya, Valesha.
(The Genii have been trading with the Athosians for a... very... long time, interrupted by long periods when they weren't talking to each other; in addition to the patrix names, plebenoble surnames and sometimes given names are traditionally rendered as their Athoio equivalents [Ladôn Vradinon, Ladôn Vradinôn, Ladônos Vradinonos, but Acæstas rather than Acastos, -oyo], although outright plebeian names like Cowan are rendered as straitly as the Athosian alphabet will let them.)
Most of the Johns in the city are first-hand Jannáì or Jonnáì depending on how they pronounce their name, but the sàgàtêr of Atlantis is always Dîwon Sheppard Êârwyn (Dîwôn Sheppardz Êârwan, Dîwonos Sheppardos Êârwyntos) due to influence from the adjective dîwos, -â, -o "shining, divine" and therefore "of the Ancestors" (cf. epithets dîwâ têllôn "Ancestral among women" of Teer, Miko, and most of the women in the city with the ATA gene, dîwos anrôn "Ancestral among men" of Daniel, Carson, and most of the men in the city with the ATA gene, dîwâ gwanaicôn "Ancestral among ladies" of Elizabeth, Sha`re, and on one occasion Teyla, and dîwâ näôn prostên "Ancestral among the Ancestors" of Chaya; nà "the [feminine]" from oina, "a certain," an old alternate word for smia, "one [f]", hence Ha d'Arla the Hoffan clara [female soprano] would be called in Athoio "Nà Arléìa").
Short VowelsLong VowelsShort DiphthongsLong Diphthongs
aâaiáì
à (ea)áù
eêè (ei)éì
iîoióì
oôò (ou)û (ou)
u (or y)ýùæéù
For instance, the language would properly be transcribed Athóìò.
Diphthongs from "ê-u" and "u-i" also exist, but are relatively rare. The diphthong æ, according to records, was a sound relatively recently borrowed from the Genii; also, short "a," "e," and "u/y" often go to the schwa when unstressed. In written Athoio, â, ê, î, ô, and ýù are written as ligatures of "aa," "ee," "ii," "oo," and "uu" respectively, as are "æ," "ai," and "oi." The long diphthongs are written as simple combinations of letters, and à, è, ò are either not distinguished from "a," "e," "o" or are underlined (the latter in manuscripts that also have tone changes written in and sometimes poem feet marked).
Transcription orthography reflects the tendency of "s" to go to "z" midword in some cases; this is not the case in the Athoyoan alphabet, which has a letter for "dz" but not for "z" itself. Final "s," when after an unstressed syllable and not before a word beginning with a consonant or hard vowel, can be pronounced as "z." "C/k" is hard before consonants and the hard vowels, and makes an "s" sound before the soft vowels "i," "e," and "y," and thus has been rendered as "c"; the diphthongs "e-u" and "ê-u" act as hard vowels, and so the "c/k" before them is rendered as "k" to avoid confusion. The combination "c/k"-"h" has lost its aspiration and is thus always pronounced as "k," and rendered as such. Similarly, "tsh" is represented as "ch" and "dzh" as "j." Their letter q, which originally represented a qoppa sound (the k^w phoneme), acts and is represented as "k" before a soft vowel and "kw" before a long one.
The diaresis (two dots over a vowel) signifies that it is not a diphthong. Ê is supposed to be held for a little longer than à, but if you pronounce them both the same you'll be doing as well as most of the Athosian speakers.
Among the translated Atlantean records is one that says that the Atlanteans peopling the terraformed worlds with humans taught many of them the Asgard or Nox languages; since it has been postulated that the Asgard taught the Proto-Indo-Europeans their language, it is not surprising that Athoio appears to be Indo-European. (The pronounced similarity to a particular branch may be due either to the same linguistic oddity that caused Alteran to go through a period of more complexity over the millennia, developing several extra tenses and having many simpler forms give way to diphthongs and consonant clusters before simplifying again, or to the ancient Athosian legend that the people of Murmeh, one of their earliest trading-partners, who spoke the same tongue as they did, were one day removed bodily from their world by a Returning Ancestor to a place where there were no Wraith. Since Ascended beings have been known to be able to act once before struck down by their fellows, this is not entirely impossible.)
The nouns decline in three numbers and three declensions, known in Athoio as "hands"; the Athoyoan cases "palm, thumb, forefinger, tallfinger, heartfinger, littlefinger" correspond very closely to Tellurian grammar's "vocative, nominative, genitive, dative, locative, accusative" and will be listed in that order.
("Athoio" is an irregular noun and declines funny: Athóìo, Athóìò, Athôyos, Athûi, Athóìò.)
While some nouns have been taken into Gatespeech by their thumb/nominative forms (bantos "bantos rod"/"fighting stick," paltos "paltos javelin," enkeia "spear-thrower"), most names come from their vocative forms (hence "Athos" from Athos rather than Athôs, and "Teyla Emmagan" Téìla Emmâgan rather than Téìlâ Emmâgên). The shift into Gatespeech-as-primary-language accelerated the trends of first-hand nouns' last syllable shortening and first- and second-hand nouns with n-stems swallowing their endings (Cylin, Halling, Toran) and caused third-hand nouns with ôn-stems to shorten the o and lose the n in most cases: "Jinto" derives from an earlier form "Dyintone" (Dyintôn) rhyming with "telephone."
First-hand nouns are largely feminine, except for a few masculine ones that kindly put an s on the end of their nominative and whose genitives end in -âo.
First Hand Singular:voc.nom.gen.dat.loc.acc.
TeylaTéìlaTéìlâTéìlâsTéìlâyiTéìláìhiTéìlân
MartaMârtaMârtaMârtàsMârtàyiMârtaihiMârtan
Cylin
woman's nameSáìlinSáìlinaSáìlinàsSáìlinàyiSáìlinaihiSáìlinan
enkeia
spear-throwerenkéìaenkéìaenkéìâsenkéìâyienkéìáìhienkéìan
satinay
war-cartsâtinàsâtinàsâtinàssâtinàyisâtináìhisâtinàn
Damia
woman's nameDâmiaDâmiâDâmiâsDâmiâyiDâmiáìhiDâmiân
Halling*HâllingHâllingasHâllingâyoHâllingâyiHâllingaihiHâllingan
corra**
daughter, girl,
young womancòrracorwàcorwàscorwàyicorwáìhicorwàn
One will only use locatives of people's names for medical matters ("Teyla has Wraith DNA" would literally be something like "[there] is Téìláìhi Wraith breeding") or with reference to intangibles: esti ocnos Martaihi "Marta's scared," and the poetic "there is joy/sorrow/rage in X" matches the prosaic "X is glad/sad/mad."
* Male given names ending in "-ling" or "-ing" are first-hand-masculine, and are loan-names ultimately derived from a non-Athoio patronymic.
**Irregular noun, apparently related to the Genii goddess Cora. Opinion is divided as to whether the Genii Confederacy included Athosian colonies or whether Athoio and one of the proto-Genii languages derived from a common root; the postulated date for either is between 3,000 and 1,000 B.C.E., and those few Genii records dating from within that window don't specify.
First Hand Dual:voc.nom.gen.dat.loc.acc.
TeylaTéìlâTéìlâTéìláìhinTéìláìhinTéìláìhinTéìlâ
MartaMârtâMârtâMârtáìhinMârtáìhinMârtáìhinMârtâ
CylinSáìlinâSáìlinâSáìlináìnSáìlináìnSáìlináìnSáìlinâ
enkeia
spear-throwerenkéìâenkéìâenkéìáìhinenkéìáìhinenkéìáìhinenkéìâ
satinay
war-cartsâtinâsâtinâsâtináìhinsâtináìhinsâtináìhinsâtinâ
HallingHâllingâHâllingâHâllingáìnHâllingáìnHâllingáìnHâllingâ
corra
daughter, girl,
young womancorwâcorwâcorwáìncorwáìncorwáìncorwâ
First Hand Plural:voc.nom.gen.dat.loc.acc.
TeylaTéìlaiTéìlaiTéìlâôn
(or Téìlahôn)Téìlâîs
(or Téìlahîs)TéìlâsiTéìlâns
MartaMârtaiMârtaiMârtäônMârtayîsMârtàsiMârtans
CylinSáìlinaiSáìlinaiSáìlinäônSáìlinayîsSáìlinasiSáìlinans
enkeia
spear-throwerenkéìaienkéìaienkéìâôn
(or enkéìahôn)enkéìâîs
(or enkéìahîs)enkéìâsienkéìâns
satinay
war-cartsâtinaisâtinaisâtinâôn
(or sâtinahôn)sâtinàyîssâtinàsisâtinâns
HallingHâllingaiHâllingaiHâllingäônHâllingayîsHâllingasiHâllingans
corra
daughter, girl,
young womancòrraicòrraicòrräôncòrrayîscorwàsicorwans
Most women's names, among the Athosians and even throughout the rest of the galaxy, fit on the first hand: Kina (-às), Shirrin (-a, às), Mara (-âs). So do a few men's names: Eyving (-as, -âo), and the usual patronymic -idas (Hâllingidâs). Many specifically feminine nouns are also first-hand: terapanyâ "(medical) nurse," tittànà, "wet-nurse," máìa "mom/ma'am," and the very irregular amma, -as, -âs "mother"; as are a few other collective or indefinite nouns: wordonyâ "rosebriar," Athòzia/Athòzya "new homeland of the Athosians," selkniâ "culling."
While Athoio has words for "son" and "daughter," often "child" or a patronymic is used instead: Téìlâ Emmâgên, Tagâniss.
Second-hand nouns are mostly either masculine (nominative ending in -os; some preserve the original vocative ending -ë) or neuter (vocative, nominative and accusative singulars ending in -o and plurals in -a). There are a very few feminine ones and some that can be masculine or feminine, but both of those decline exactly like the masculine. The masculine genitive ending -oyo should not be mistaken for the -io element in Athóìò; the first is from a primitive ending -osho (preserved in some words) and the second from an appositive enclitic (tack-on) added to the same primitive stem that with an s-ending became Athos.
Second Hand Singular:voc.nom.gen.dat.loc.acc.
bantos
fighting stickbantëbantosbantoyobantôyibantoihibanton
TaganTagânTagânosTagânoyoTagânôyiTagânoihiTagânon
ToranToranToranosToranoyoToranôyiToranoihiToranon
Nomar
man's nameNòmârNòmârosNòmâroyoNòmârôyiNòmâroihiNòmâron
tuttle*
plant whose root has
onion-garlic-carrot tastetatltatltatlòstatlôyitatloihitatl
wordo**
(blue) rosewordowordowordòswordôyiwordoihiwordo
struthos***
draft-birdstrûtëstrûthosstrûthoyo
(or strûtosho)strûthôyistrûthoihistrûthon
corwus****
youth, young man
(in poetry, "son")corrëcorwuscorroshcorwôyicorroihicorwyn
Second-hand-neuter nouns end in -o. Usually.
*Syllabic l became either syncopated or yl (just as syllabic r becomes either syncopated or yr and syllabic m and n become syncopated, yn, or an) in Middle Athoio; in Late Athoio, l often became syllabic again in some cases.
**In poetry, wordo sometimes becomes wrodo or 'rodo, poss. influenced by worodz "rosebush" or Alteran roza "rosebush" and rozal "rose." Between that and erýùdros, -a, o "red," "red/pink rose" is 'rodo or frodo.
***"Struthos" is feminine by default, but can be masculine when referring to a male bird. "Strutosh" would be "struthosh," but the th in front of the sh doesn't.
****Irregular, from "corwos."
Second Hand Dual:voc.nom.gen.dat.loc.acc.
bantos
fighting stickbantôbantôbantóìhinbantóìhinbantóìhinbantô
TaganTagânôTagânôTagânóìnTagânóìnTagânóìnTagânô
ToranToranôToranôToranóìnToranóìnToranóìnToranô
Nomar
man's nameNòmârôNòmârôNòmaróìhinNòmaróìhinNòmaróìhinNòmârô
tuttle
plant whose root has
onion-garlic-carrot tastetatlôtatlôtatlóìhintatlóìhintatlóìhintatlô
wordo
(blue) rosewordôwordôwordóìnwordóìnwordóìnwordô
struthos
draft-birdstrûthôstrûthôstrûthóìhinstrûthóìhinstrûthóìhinstrûthô
corwus
youth, young man
(in poetry, "son")corwô
(or corroi)corwô
(or corroi)corwóìncorwóìncorwóìncorwô
(or corroi)In "Tagan" and "Nomar," the last consonant of the root migrates from its home syllable to the beginning of the next in the genitive and dative cases.
Second Hand Plural:voc.nom.gen.dat.loc.acc.
bantos
fighting stickbantoibantoibantöônbantöîsbantoisibantons
TaganTagânoiTagânoiTagânöônTagânöîsTagânóìsiTagânons
ToranToranoiToranoiToranöônToranöîsToranóìsiToranons
tuttle
plant whose root has
onion-garlic-carrot tastetatlatatlatatl-ôn*tatl-îstatloisitatla
wordo
(blue) rosewordawordawordöônwordöîswordoisiworda
struthos
draft-birdstrûthoistrûthoistrûthöônstrûthöîsstrûthóìsistrûthons
corwus
youth, young man
(in poetry, "son")corroicorroicorröôncorröîscorwóìsicorwons*Syllabic l again.
Several male names are hidden second-hand nouns -- Geron, Daran, Strutharc -- but mostly the second hand is kept for things: rocks, rivers, danger, death, Ancestors, modern Athosians (Athozioi), ancient Athosians (Mirinoi), people from other places, presents, paltos javelins, and large animals. Cf. also Mormor, "Wraith" (singular or in general).
Third-hand nouns can be anything, and often are. All the Athosian family names are third-hand nouns, and are masculine or feminine as appropriate when referring to people and masculine when referring to, say, the family Emmagan.
Third Hand Singular:voc.nom.gen.dat.loc.acc.
JintoJintòJintôJintònosJintònëyiJintòniJintòna
CharinCharinCharanCharinosCharinëiChariniCharina
WexWexWecêsWecëzosWecëyiWexiWecëza
EmmaganEmmâganEmmâgénEmmâgantosEmmâgantëyiEmmâgantiEmmâganta
Tallit
woman's nameTallit(1)Tallits
(or Talliss)TallithosTallitëyiTallitiTâlitha
Irrylar
Athosian surnameIrrylârIrrylârIrrylârthosIrrylârttiIrrylârttiIrrylârtha
Lumy
woman's nameLûmîLûmîsLûmîosLûmîiLûmîi
(or Lûmî)Lûmîa
enkos
spearenkësenkosenkëzosenkëzëyienkëzienkos
Atlantis
(loanword)AtlæntiAtlæntisAtlænteôs(2)AtlæntéìAtlæntiAtlæntin
karit
favor, grace,
source of joy
(woman's name)karitkaritskaritoskaritëyikaritikarin
(or Karita)
orneek
bird, theropod dinosaur(3)ornîcornîxornîkwosornîkëyiornîkiornîkwa
pharmakeus
medicine man,
doctor (male)(4)pharmakéù(5)pharmakéùspharmacêwospharmacêùyi(6)pharmacêwipharmacêwa
Treyidaze
Athosian surnameTrêïdàs(7)TrêïdêssTrêïdëôsTrêïdëêyiTrêïdeyîTrêïdëâ
taylus
woman
(as opposed to "man")têlutêlustêléùòstêlëwéìtêléìtêlà
(a)nayr
man
(as opposed to "woman")nàranêr
(or nêr)anrosanrëyi
(or anréì)anëri
(or neri)anra
suïus(8)
sonsýùîussýùîos
(or sýùîus)sýùîëos
(or sýùyos)sýùîëfi(9)
(or sýùyéì)sýùîuti
(or sýùyî)sýùîon
(or sýùya)
Taganiz
daughter of TaganTagâniz(10)TagânissTagânidosTagânidëyiTagânidiTagânida
Athos(11)AthosAthôsAthozosAthozëyiAthoshiAthoza
(1) Can also be spelt Tâlit (and spelling carried through declensions); compare Tellurian Aiden/Aidan.
(2)"Atlantis" and "taylus" have genitive -eôs rather than -êos because it flows better that way. "Teyla," despite initial appearances, is probably related to "Atlantis" (variation of Atlansis, Old Alteran locative of atlas, Athoio atlâs, "dauntless enterprise"; téìla would then derive from "accomplish," being a milder variation on "make bold to do with great pain") rather than "taylus."
(3) Spelled "ornîq." Compare óìôn, -os "dinosaur, bird" and ornë, ornë, ornëòs "bird."
(4)Has feminine equivalent pharmaciz; pharmakeus, pharmaciz, and the compound noun pharmachâtêr "physician, doctor, surgeon" are all rendered by "medicin" in Gatespeech.
(5)In proper names, the vocative ending -éù is usually pronounced -ev.
(6) êù represents a diphthong.
(7)From the patronymic Trêïdâs, Trêïz, "son/daughter of Trev."
(8) "Taylus" and "nayr" are slightly irregular (the latter used to be syllabic n, syllabic r, and the first actually uses the rare Athosian contractions as a matter of course), but "suyïus" is really irregular.
(9) The -ti and -fi of the most common locative and dative for this word are properly not inflections (changes to the word itself) but enclitics (things tacked onto the word stem); -fi is irregular for -pi and usually denotes ablative or instrumental action (of a first-hand noun, more than one third-hand-noun, and can be singular/dual/plural when added to second-hand stems). While -ti is a locative enclitic, it functions differently from the locative case: sammes Atlænteti "we are (now) in Atlantis," Téìlâ snâyëti Atlænti "Teyla lives in Atlantis." Compare Téìlâ bantopi kratista Atlænteôs estin "Teyla is best with bantos rods in Atlantis," where location is expressed by the forefinger/genitive.
(10) Properly spelt Tagânidz, but in names and in the strutiz bird always pronounced -iz.
(11)Athoio contains a grand total of three third-hand os-stem nouns: two never occur in anything but the singular and the other steals its dual and plural forms from the second hand, and all have -oshi for -osi.
Third Hand Dual:voc.nom.gen.dat.loc.acc.
JintoJintònëJintònëJintònóìhinJintònóìhinJintònóìhinJintònë
CharinCharinëCharinëCharinóìnCharinóìnCharinóìnCharinë
WexWexëWexëWecëzóìnWecëzóìnWecëzóìnWexë
EmmaganEmmâgantëEmmâgantëEmmâgantóìhinEmmâgantóìhinEmmâgantóìhinEmmâgantë
Tallit
woman's nameTallitëTallitëTallithóìhinTallithóìhinTallithóìhinTallitë
Irrylar
Athosian surnameIrrylârtëIrrylârtëIrrylârthóìhinIrrylârthóìhinIrrylârthóìhinIrrylârtë
Lumy
woman's nameLûmîëLûmîëLûmîyóìnLûmîyóìnLûmîyóìnLûmîë
enkos
spearenkëzëenkëzëenkësóìnenkësóìnenkësóìnenkëzë
AtlantisAtlæntèAtlæntèAtlæntëóìnAtlæntëóìnAtlæntëóìnAtlæntè
karit
favor, grace,
source of joy
(woman's name)karitëkaritëkaritóìhinkaritóìhinkaritóìhinkaritë
orneek
bird, theropod dinosaurornîkëornîkëornîküóìhin*ornîküóìhinornîküwóìhinornîkë
pharmakeus
medicine man,
doctor (male)pharmacêüpharmacêüpharmacêwóìhinpharmacêwóìhinpharmacêwóìhinpharmacêü
Treyidaze
Athosian surnameTrêïdêTrêïdêTrêïdëóìnTrêïdëóìnTrêïdëóìnTrêïdê
taylus
woman
(as opposed to "man")têlètêlètêlëóìntêlëóìntêlëóìntêlè
(a)nayr
man
(as opposed to "woman")nàrëanërëneróìhinneróìhinneróìhinanërë
suïus
sonsýùîë
(or corroi)
(or sýùyë)sýùîë
(or corroi)sýùîëóìn
(or corróìn)sýùîëóìn
(or corróìn)sýùîëóìn
(or corróìn)sýùîë
(or corroi)
Taganiz
daughter of TaganTagânidëTagânidëTagânidóìhinTagânidóìhinTagânidóìhinTagânidë
*The potential qoppa-ness of the ornîq stem melds with the ë and turns it into a ü.
Third Hand Plural:voc.nom.gen.dat.loc.acc.
JintoJintònësJintònësJintònônJintònessiJintònziJintònas
CharinCharinësCharinësCharinônCharinëssiCharinziCharinas
WexWexësWexësWexôn*WexëssiWecëssiWecëzas
EmmaganEmmâgantësEmmâgantësEmmâgantônEmmâgantëssiEmmâganssiEmmâgantas
Tallit
woman's nameTallitësTallitësTallithônTallitëssiTallichi****
(or Tallissi)Tallithas
Lumy
woman's nameLûmîësLûmîësLûmîyônLûmîëssiLûmîsiLûmîyas
enkos
spearenkëzaenkëzaenkësônenkëzessienkëssienkëza
AtlantisAtlæntèsAtlæntèsAtlæntëônAtlæntessiAtlænssiAtlæntès**
karit
favor, grace,
source of joy
(woman's name)karitëskaritëskaritônkaritëssikaritsi
(or Karitasi)karitas
orneek
bird, theropod dinosaurornîkësornîkësornîkwônornîkëssiornîxi***ornès***
(or ornîs)
pharmakeus
medicine man,
doctor (male)pharmacêwispharmacêwëspharmacêwônpharmacêwëssipharmacêùshipharmacêwas
Treyidaze
Athosian surnameTrêïdëêssTrêïdëêssTrêïdëônTrêïdëêssiTrêïdêsiTrêïdëâss
taylus
woman
(as opposed to "man")têlèstêlèstêllôntêlèssitêlësitêlàs****
(a)nayr
man
(as opposed to "woman")anrësanërësanrôn
(or nerôn)anrëssianrasianras
suïus
sonsýùïyèssýùîëess
(or sýùyës)sýùïyëônsýùîessi
(or sýùyóìsi)sýùîasisýùîëas
(or sýùyas)
Taganiz
daughter of TaganTagânidësTagânidësTagânidônTagânidëssiTagânidziTagânidas*One would expect "Wecësôn," but it isn't.
**In i-stem nouns, the accusative plural ends in -ès rather than às, logic notwithstanding.
***Irregular: one would expect "ornîkshi" and "ornîkas." The first is due to the long i just preceding the consonants; the latter is just weird.
****More irregularities.
Other third-hand nouns include:
wekëes, wokos, wekëzos "wagon,"
burx, purgos, burxos "tower,"
thalamax, thalamacos "wife, husband, comrade" (contrast thalamàpolos "person marrying into the family," thalaméùtos "person who married in [as opposed to being born within it],"
konàoros, "conjoined," "wife, husband"),
worodz, woross, wordos "rosebush,"
strûttiz, -iss, idos "small sparrow-looking bird,"
Mormô, -n, -nos "Wraith Queen,"
and the family names Attaven (Ættaven, -ên), Norriten (Nòrriten, -ên), and Ossaring (Ossaring, -inx). While the patronymic -idas/-iz is more common, third-hand -idôn/-idonza is also well-attested.
In the epic Marta Irrylar has been working on since she left Athos, many of the aliens' given names are treated as vocatives of the first or second hand: viz. extended forms Elizabetha, -âs; Catherina, -às [and its diminutives Kétà, -às and Càtî, -îs]; Sòra, -âs; Chèya, -âs; Evanas, -âyo; Acæstas, -âyo; Áìdenos, -oyo; Carsonos, -oyo; and the form "Daniêlos, -oyo" was cheerfully contributed on the grounds that it was a perfectly good second-declension noun, look at Josephus.
Similarly, their family names were more or less well rendered as third-hand nouns (Cusanagi, -s, Lòrn, -s, Bekit, -s, Bekitos without undue violence; Fòrd, Fòrdz and Kellyr, Kellýùr nearly as well; Bàts, Bâts, Bàtos and Mârkam, Mârkans, Mârkamos taking a bit more work, Stækáùs, Stækáùs, Stækâwos requiring one to remember that on this occasion one does pronounce the h [remembering that in their writing system it would be Stækhaus], and Cavanâ would obviously be much happier if it could be numbered on the first hand rather than forced to the form Cavanâ, Cavanâ, Cavanäôs) as for that matter was Êârwyn, Êârwan, Êârwyntos.
So were many other proper nouns (Radnî, -s; Mico, Micôn, -onos; læbtop, læbtops; Tîr, Tîr, Tîros; choc'la, choc'lat, choc'latos; Jennifar, -fer, -faros; and the new gatespeech loanword stannulzaltris, -tris, -tricos which Marta has dutifully glossed both guronàüs, -nàüs, -nàwos and libadzâlmna, -a, -às "puddlejumper." The family names Jæckidon, -dôn, -dontos and 'mcKéìya, -ya, -yatos (lit. 'mcQéìya) were the result of some helpful person explaining Tellurian patronymic-derived surnames to her; the latter, however, takes its form from the traditional Athoio representation of Genii surnames from the old patrix families: cf. Còlya(, -ya, yatos), Fafya, Valesha.
(The Genii have been trading with the Athosians for a... very... long time, interrupted by long periods when they weren't talking to each other; in addition to the patrix names, plebenoble surnames and sometimes given names are traditionally rendered as their Athoio equivalents [Ladôn Vradinon, Ladôn Vradinôn, Ladônos Vradinonos, but Acæstas rather than Acastos, -oyo], although outright plebeian names like Cowan are rendered as straitly as the Athosian alphabet will let them.)
Most of the Johns in the city are first-hand Jannáì or Jonnáì depending on how they pronounce their name, but the sàgàtêr of Atlantis is always Dîwon Sheppard Êârwyn (Dîwôn Sheppardz Êârwan, Dîwonos Sheppardos Êârwyntos) due to influence from the adjective dîwos, -â, -o "shining, divine" and therefore "of the Ancestors" (cf. epithets dîwâ têllôn "Ancestral among women" of Teer, Miko, and most of the women in the city with the ATA gene, dîwos anrôn "Ancestral among men" of Daniel, Carson, and most of the men in the city with the ATA gene, dîwâ gwanaicôn "Ancestral among ladies" of Elizabeth, Sha`re, and on one occasion Teyla, and dîwâ näôn prostên "Ancestral among the Ancestors" of Chaya; nà "the [feminine]" from oina, "a certain," an old alternate word for smia, "one [f]", hence Ha d'Arla the Hoffan clara [female soprano] would be called in Athoio "Nà Arléìa").