(no subject)
Can't trust the sketchy computers in the lab here so I'm posting some work here so I don't lose. My sincerest apoligies. DO NOT read on...
John Peter Zenger was arrested in New York in 1734 and charged with libel for publishing criticism of the governor. In the groundbreaking trial that followed, Andrew Hamilton, Zenger’s lawyer, argued that libel was justified if supported by truth. This novel concept became the primary defense against charges of libel.
At the close of the 15th century, the Spanish and Portuguese hired Amerigo Vespucci to confirm Columbus’ discovery of a new route to “Asia.” Instead, Vespucci determined that the continent extended too far south to be Asia. After Columbus’ death, the cartographer Martin Wuldseemüller labeled the new continent “America.”
John Mill’s publications influenced philosophy, science, economy and politics of 19th century England. His economic works defined, in detail, how government should control its economy, while his books on logic provided concepts essential to the scientific method. Beyond his literary works, Mill promoted Utilitarian principles and agitated for political reforms.
Political Figures
Lee Quan Yew, a Chinese politician and lawyer, was partly responsible for negotiating self-rule for the British colony of Singapore, serving as its prime minister from 1950 to 1990. Lee industrialized Singapore and made it the most prosperous nation in Southeast Asia while improving health and social-welfare services and raising the standard of living for workers. (56)
Benazir Bhutto was the first woman in modern history to become leader of a Muslim country, serving two terms as prime minister of Pakistan, from 1988-90 and 1993-96. Her government was twice dismissed by the Pakistani president - Mohammad Zia-Ul-Hag in 1990 and Farhooq Leghari in 1996 - under charges of corruption, economic mismanagement, and declining law and order. (57)
Joseph McCarthy, a Republican senator from 1946 and until his death in 1957, was responsible for the “McCarthyism” of the early 1950’s, during which he accused hundreds of officials of Communist ties and incited a nation-wide anti-communist crusade. He failed to prove any legitimate Communist infiltration and the senate officially censured him for unbecoming conduct in 1954. (57)
Religion/Philosophy
Confucius was a Chinese teacher, philosopher, and political theorists of the 5th and 6th [check] century B.C. whose humanistic ideas on life, religion, politics, and education formed the belief system of many modern East Asian cultures. His philosophy, called Confucianism, is based on the idea of self-cultivation - that all human beings are able to improve themselves through learning - and promotes universal education, government for the benefit of the people, and human brotherhood. (71)
Lao Tzu was a Chinese philosopher of the 6th century BC whose ideas, published in the Tao-te ching, became the basis of Taoism. This semi-religious philosophy, which was based on the idea of the tao or “the Way,” a basic universal principle of accepting one’s nature, supplemented the teachings of Confucius and led to the growth of Buddhism. (58)
Muhammad (c. 570-632), born in Mecca in modern-day Saudi Arabia, founded the religion of Islam, practiced by over six million adherents world-wide. His teachings, found in the Qur’an, emphasize a strict monotheism and stringent adherence to exact worship practices and are the basis of many modern middle-eastern governments. (48)
Military Leaders
Karl von Clausewitz (1780-1831), a Prussian general who fought twice against Napolean, is best known for his timeless war philosophies found in On War and other works, mostly published after his death. His books defined war as a “continuation of policy” and emphasized the importance of psychological and moral factors in victory. (52)
John Peter Zenger was arrested in New York in 1734 and charged with libel for publishing criticism of the governor. In the groundbreaking trial that followed, Andrew Hamilton, Zenger’s lawyer, argued that libel was justified if supported by truth. This novel concept became the primary defense against charges of libel.
At the close of the 15th century, the Spanish and Portuguese hired Amerigo Vespucci to confirm Columbus’ discovery of a new route to “Asia.” Instead, Vespucci determined that the continent extended too far south to be Asia. After Columbus’ death, the cartographer Martin Wuldseemüller labeled the new continent “America.”
John Mill’s publications influenced philosophy, science, economy and politics of 19th century England. His economic works defined, in detail, how government should control its economy, while his books on logic provided concepts essential to the scientific method. Beyond his literary works, Mill promoted Utilitarian principles and agitated for political reforms.
Political Figures
Lee Quan Yew, a Chinese politician and lawyer, was partly responsible for negotiating self-rule for the British colony of Singapore, serving as its prime minister from 1950 to 1990. Lee industrialized Singapore and made it the most prosperous nation in Southeast Asia while improving health and social-welfare services and raising the standard of living for workers. (56)
Benazir Bhutto was the first woman in modern history to become leader of a Muslim country, serving two terms as prime minister of Pakistan, from 1988-90 and 1993-96. Her government was twice dismissed by the Pakistani president - Mohammad Zia-Ul-Hag in 1990 and Farhooq Leghari in 1996 - under charges of corruption, economic mismanagement, and declining law and order. (57)
Joseph McCarthy, a Republican senator from 1946 and until his death in 1957, was responsible for the “McCarthyism” of the early 1950’s, during which he accused hundreds of officials of Communist ties and incited a nation-wide anti-communist crusade. He failed to prove any legitimate Communist infiltration and the senate officially censured him for unbecoming conduct in 1954. (57)
Religion/Philosophy
Confucius was a Chinese teacher, philosopher, and political theorists of the 5th and 6th [check] century B.C. whose humanistic ideas on life, religion, politics, and education formed the belief system of many modern East Asian cultures. His philosophy, called Confucianism, is based on the idea of self-cultivation - that all human beings are able to improve themselves through learning - and promotes universal education, government for the benefit of the people, and human brotherhood. (71)
Lao Tzu was a Chinese philosopher of the 6th century BC whose ideas, published in the Tao-te ching, became the basis of Taoism. This semi-religious philosophy, which was based on the idea of the tao or “the Way,” a basic universal principle of accepting one’s nature, supplemented the teachings of Confucius and led to the growth of Buddhism. (58)
Muhammad (c. 570-632), born in Mecca in modern-day Saudi Arabia, founded the religion of Islam, practiced by over six million adherents world-wide. His teachings, found in the Qur’an, emphasize a strict monotheism and stringent adherence to exact worship practices and are the basis of many modern middle-eastern governments. (48)
Military Leaders
Karl von Clausewitz (1780-1831), a Prussian general who fought twice against Napolean, is best known for his timeless war philosophies found in On War and other works, mostly published after his death. His books defined war as a “continuation of policy” and emphasized the importance of psychological and moral factors in victory. (52)