The great epic Mahabharata describes vivid combat stress reactions exhibited by the ancient worriers.
http://www.lankaweb.com/news/items/2011/01/07/the-history-of-ptsd/ http://io9.com/5898560/from-irritable-heart-to-shellshock-how-post+traumatic-stress-became-a-disease http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13674670903101218 (Check this out: PTSD in the Book of Job. Not a bad case, but they are clearly reaching in some parts. The "feelings of detachment or estrangement from others" is more about the person's own feelings than, as in the verse they site, others literally ditching the person.)
Some nice sources here to look into, but one thing I'm noticing is that a lot of people are citing the same 20 or so primary sources, often without quotes. I'm sure there's much more out there that could be turned up with original research.
Crossposted to
http://rachelmanija.dreamwidth.org/1048148.html. Comment here or there.