GAELIC SELF-TAUGHT - LEASAN a CEITHIR DEUG - na Gnathan-cainnt airson gnìomhar Beurla "to know"
(Lesson 14 - Idioms for the English verb " TO KNOW")
Aithris-àichidh (Disclaimer) :--
Tha an leasan seo (agus leasanan sam bith a leanas) às an leabhar Gaelic Self-Taught le Alexander MacLaran (1923). Tha na mìneachaidhean gràmair agus na obair-lesanan agus na cuidichean fuaimneachaidh às an leabhar gu buileach. Tha mi a' sgrìobhadh na òrduighean a bha anns a' Ghàidhlig.
This lesson (and any lessons that follow) are from the book Gaelic Self-Taught by Alexander MacLaran (1923). The grammar explanations, the work-exercises and the pronunciation tips are entirely from the book. I am writing the instructions in Gaelic.
Leugh na mìneachaidhean a tha anns na roinnean 127 gu 131. Ath-sgrìobh na arbairtean air a bha an loidhne fodha anns an leabhar-sgrìobhaidh agat. {Read the explanations in sections 127 through 131. Copy the passages that are underlined into your notebook.}
GAELIC SELF-TAUGHT - LEASAN a CEITHIR DEUG - na Gnathan-cainnt : A BHITH FIOS AIG, AITHNE, agus EOLACH
127.
The English verb "know," is translated by the Gaelic noun fios "knowledge," and is used in the idiomatic form illustrated in the preceding lesson. Tha fios aig (ha feess ak) "to have knowledge" {knowledge is at}.
128.
We use fios when the verb "know" means to "recollect," "be aware of," "be sensible of," or when we ask or give information or intelligence, &c. It is always used when "know" is followed by "who, what, where" or any other dependent clause.
Ath-sgrìobh na eisimpleirean seo
Tha fios agad na thuirt e. * = You know what he said
Tha fios agad dè thuirt e. agus Tha fios agad gu dè thuirt e! ** = You know what he said.
Tha fios agam far an robh e. = I know where he was.
Tha fios agad càit' an robh e. = You know where (in what place) he was.
Tha fios aice cò tha aig an doras. = She knows who is at the door.
A bheil fios agad ma tha bàta aige? = do you know if he has a boat?
Chan eil fios agam. = I don't know.
Mur an robh fios aige far an robh am bàta, ciamar a bha fios aige an robh i agaibh? = Unless he knowswhere the boat was, how does he know you had it (her)?
Cuin a fhuair thu fios? = When did you know? When did you get the information?
Bheir mi fios. = I'll inform (give notice)
Is beag fios dhomh-sa = Little do I know.
{Nota Bene: FIOS is a noun, masculine in gender. As a noun, it it considered possible to have it, Tha fios aig or to carry it Bheir mi fios. The last example given used the copula verb IS which will be discussed in Lesson 17.
I consider it worth repeating that fios is always used when "know" is followed by "who, what, where" or any other dependent clause.}
Notes on the translations above
* {"na" is an interrogative particle used to introduce a relative clause (TAIC Lesson 21) and can be interpreted as "what" or "all that"}
** {"gu dè" is an traditional form of the interrogative "dè - what" now used for emphatic impact.
129.
In the same construction aithne is the "knowledge" by which we "recognise” or “acknowledge acquaintance,” “to know by sight” a person, place or thing, &c.
An aithne dhuit an leabhar seo? = Do you know this book (by sight)? Have you heard of this book?
Chan eil aithne agam air. = I have no knowledge of it.
Tha aithne agam air. = I know it. (lit. = There is knowledge at me on it/ of it}
An aithne dhuit Domhnull? = Do you know Donald?
Is aithne dhomh Domhnull. = I know Donald (by sight).
{Nota Bene: AITHNE is a noun, feminine in gender, and means something like recognition. Because aithne is a noun, it is considered a thing that one can have (tha aithne aig). The other examples of aithne employ the copula verb IS which will be discussed in Lesson 17.}
130.
When “to know” means to be well versed in the subject or well acquainted with it - to know a fact; that a thing is ; to know by heart; we use eòlach (yolach).
A bheil thu eòlach air an leabhar seo? = Do you know (all about) this book?
A bheil tha fada eòlach air Domhnull? = Do you know Donald well? Are you long acquainted with Donald?
Tha mi fada eòlach air Domhnull. = I know Donald well. I am long acquainted with Donald.
An robh thu eòlcach air an tìr bhur n-eòlais? = Did you know him in your own country? (lit. = Were you acquainted with him in the country you {both} know best)
Tha e na dhuine eòlach. = He is a man well acquainted. He is an intelligent man.
{Nota Bene: EÒLACH is an adjective meaning “knowledgeable” so the literal gloss of A bheil thu eòlach air ...? would be “Are you knowlegeable on ...?”. Tha mi eòlach air ... would be “I am knowledgeable on ...”}
Ath-sgrìobh na faclan anns an leabhar-sgrìobhaidh agat.
131. Faclan
ainmearan boireannta - (feminine nouns)
aithne - recognition, acquaintance
sgillinnean (skilleen-nin) - pl of sgillinn penny, cent (shilling) {used in singular with numerals requiring plural nouns}
tastain (ttasttan) - pl of tastan - old currency replaced by sgillinn
ainmearan fireanta - (masculine nouns)
fios (feess) = knowledge, awareness
buadhairean - {adjectives}
còig (ko-yk) = five
eòlach (yolach) = knowledgeable
fada (fata) = long (in time and space)
toilichte (tolychtcheh) = pleased
glè thoilichte (klay holychtcheh) = very pleased
gnìomhairean - {verbs}
a bhith fios aig = to know (with clause)
a bhith aithne aig = to know, be aware of, able to recognise, (with prep. air)
eòlach air = knowledgeable of (know completely)
co-gnìomhairean - (adverbs)
an uiridh (an oor-y) = last year
gu cinnteach (goo keeun-tchach) = certainly
naisgearan - {conjunctions}
far = where {non-interrogative context}
roimhearan - {prepositions agus abairtean roimhearaichte}
dhomh, dhuit (gov, gootch) = to me, to you
abairtean ceisteach - (interrogatives)
Cò aig a bheil ...? (ko ak a val) = who has ... ?
Cò aig an robh ... ? (ko ak an ro) = who had ... ?
Cleachdaidhean
Leugh na seantansan a tha anns an roinn 132 a-mach anns a’ Ghàidhlig. Ath-sgrìobh iad anns an leabhar-sgrìobhaidh agat agus chuir Beurla orra (na sgrìobh iad anns a’ Bheurla ge-tà). Leugh na seantansan a-mach a-rithist anns a’ Ghàidhlig fhad ‘s a saoil dè a tha iad a’ ciallachadh.
{Read the sentences in section 132 out loud in Gaelic. Copy them into your notebook and translate them into English (do not write them in English, though). Read the sentences outload again in Gaelic while thinking of what they are meaning.}
132.
1. An aithne dhuit Seamus?
2. Chan eil aithne agam air.
3. Tha an t-each aig an tuathanach.
4. Cò aig a bheil an t-airgead?
5. Tha e aig an duine.
6. Cò aig an robh am bàta?
7. Bha i aig an iasgair.
8. Bha am bàta aig Seumas ach chan eil i aige a-nis.
9. Ma bhios an t-airgead aig a’ chaileig bidh an taigh aig a’ ghille.
10. Tha cu aig a’ chiobair.
11. Nach eil leabhar agaibh?
12. Chan eil.
13. Bidh sgian aig a’ ghille.
14. Bha còig sgillinn aig a’ chaileig.
15. Bha sgian aig an iasgair an-dè ach chan eil i aige an-diugh.
16. Na’n robh sgian aig an duine biodh e glè thoilichte.
17. Cha robh fios agam gu’n robh sibh an sin.
18. Mur eil fios aig an tuathanach gu’n robh an gille an sin bidh fios aige a-nis.
19. Tha taigh aige anns a’ bhaile.
20. Chan eil aithne agam air.
21. Cuin a fhuair thu fios?
22. Bha fios agam far an robh an taigh aige.
Chuir Gàidhlig air na seantansan a tha anns an roinn 133 a' cleachdadh na seantansan a tha anns an roinn 132 mar eisimpleirean. Abair na seantansan ùra a-mach agus sgrìobh iad anns an leabhar-sgrìobhaidh agat.
{Translate the sentences in section 133 into Gaelic using the sentences in section 132 as examples. Speak the new sentences out loud and write them (down) in your notebook.}
133.
1. Do you know (aithne) this book?
2. I do not know it.
3. I don’t have that book.
4. Don’t you have this book? No.
5. Who had it?
6. James had the book yesterday.
7. I want that book.
8. The fisherman doesn’t have a boat now, but he will have it tomorrow.
9. I didn’t have five cents.
10. The boy doesn’t have the knife.
11. Who has it?
12. Do you know who had it?
13. I know (that) the girl had it last night.
14. Do you know if the farmer has the money now?
15. I know that he will not have it.
16. Will he have it tomorrow?
17. Yes, certainly.
18. Do you know if he wants a horse?
19. Do you know if that man has a dog?
20. I do not know if he has a dog now, but he had a dog last year.
21. Do you know the shepherd well?
22. I am well acquainted with him.
23. He is an intelligent man.
24. He was at the house yesterday.
25. Was he there this morning?
Aithris-àichidh (Disclaimer) :--
Tha an leasan seo (agus leasanan sam bith a leanas) às an leabhar Gaelic Self-Taught le Alexander MacLaran (1923). Tha na mìneachaidhean gràmair agus na obair-lesanan agus na cuidichean fuaimneachaidh às an leabhar gu buileach. Tha mi a' sgrìobhadh na òrduighean a bha anns a' Ghàidhlig.
This lesson (and any lessons that follow) are from the book Gaelic Self-Taught by Alexander MacLaran (1923). The grammar explanations, the work-exercises and the pronunciation tips are entirely from the book. I am writing the instructions in Gaelic.
Leugh na mìneachaidhean a tha anns na roinnean 127 gu 131. Ath-sgrìobh na arbairtean air a bha an loidhne fodha anns an leabhar-sgrìobhaidh agat. {Read the explanations in sections 127 through 131. Copy the passages that are underlined into your notebook.}
GAELIC SELF-TAUGHT - LEASAN a CEITHIR DEUG - na Gnathan-cainnt : A BHITH FIOS AIG, AITHNE, agus EOLACH
127.
The English verb "know," is translated by the Gaelic noun fios "knowledge," and is used in the idiomatic form illustrated in the preceding lesson. Tha fios aig (ha feess ak) "to have knowledge" {knowledge is at}.
128.
We use fios when the verb "know" means to "recollect," "be aware of," "be sensible of," or when we ask or give information or intelligence, &c. It is always used when "know" is followed by "who, what, where" or any other dependent clause.
Ath-sgrìobh na eisimpleirean seo
Tha fios agad na thuirt e. * = You know what he said
Tha fios agad dè thuirt e. agus Tha fios agad gu dè thuirt e! ** = You know what he said.
Tha fios agam far an robh e. = I know where he was.
Tha fios agad càit' an robh e. = You know where (in what place) he was.
Tha fios aice cò tha aig an doras. = She knows who is at the door.
A bheil fios agad ma tha bàta aige? = do you know if he has a boat?
Chan eil fios agam. = I don't know.
Mur an robh fios aige far an robh am bàta, ciamar a bha fios aige an robh i agaibh? = Unless he knowswhere the boat was, how does he know you had it (her)?
Cuin a fhuair thu fios? = When did you know? When did you get the information?
Bheir mi fios. = I'll inform (give notice)
Is beag fios dhomh-sa = Little do I know.
{Nota Bene: FIOS is a noun, masculine in gender. As a noun, it it considered possible to have it, Tha fios aig or to carry it Bheir mi fios. The last example given used the copula verb IS which will be discussed in Lesson 17.
I consider it worth repeating that fios is always used when "know" is followed by "who, what, where" or any other dependent clause.}
Notes on the translations above
* {"na" is an interrogative particle used to introduce a relative clause (TAIC Lesson 21) and can be interpreted as "what" or "all that"}
** {"gu dè" is an traditional form of the interrogative "dè - what" now used for emphatic impact.
129.
In the same construction aithne is the "knowledge" by which we "recognise” or “acknowledge acquaintance,” “to know by sight” a person, place or thing, &c.
An aithne dhuit an leabhar seo? = Do you know this book (by sight)? Have you heard of this book?
Chan eil aithne agam air. = I have no knowledge of it.
Tha aithne agam air. = I know it. (lit. = There is knowledge at me on it/ of it}
An aithne dhuit Domhnull? = Do you know Donald?
Is aithne dhomh Domhnull. = I know Donald (by sight).
{Nota Bene: AITHNE is a noun, feminine in gender, and means something like recognition. Because aithne is a noun, it is considered a thing that one can have (tha aithne aig). The other examples of aithne employ the copula verb IS which will be discussed in Lesson 17.}
130.
When “to know” means to be well versed in the subject or well acquainted with it - to know a fact; that a thing is ; to know by heart; we use eòlach (yolach).
A bheil thu eòlach air an leabhar seo? = Do you know (all about) this book?
A bheil tha fada eòlach air Domhnull? = Do you know Donald well? Are you long acquainted with Donald?
Tha mi fada eòlach air Domhnull. = I know Donald well. I am long acquainted with Donald.
An robh thu eòlcach air an tìr bhur n-eòlais? = Did you know him in your own country? (lit. = Were you acquainted with him in the country you {both} know best)
Tha e na dhuine eòlach. = He is a man well acquainted. He is an intelligent man.
{Nota Bene: EÒLACH is an adjective meaning “knowledgeable” so the literal gloss of A bheil thu eòlach air ...? would be “Are you knowlegeable on ...?”. Tha mi eòlach air ... would be “I am knowledgeable on ...”}
Ath-sgrìobh na faclan anns an leabhar-sgrìobhaidh agat.
131. Faclan
ainmearan boireannta - (feminine nouns)
aithne - recognition, acquaintance
sgillinnean (skilleen-nin) - pl of sgillinn penny, cent (shilling) {used in singular with numerals requiring plural nouns}
tastain (ttasttan) - pl of tastan - old currency replaced by sgillinn
ainmearan fireanta - (masculine nouns)
fios (feess) = knowledge, awareness
buadhairean - {adjectives}
còig (ko-yk) = five
eòlach (yolach) = knowledgeable
fada (fata) = long (in time and space)
toilichte (tolychtcheh) = pleased
glè thoilichte (klay holychtcheh) = very pleased
gnìomhairean - {verbs}
a bhith fios aig = to know (with clause)
a bhith aithne aig = to know, be aware of, able to recognise, (with prep. air)
eòlach air = knowledgeable of (know completely)
co-gnìomhairean - (adverbs)
an uiridh (an oor-y) = last year
gu cinnteach (goo keeun-tchach) = certainly
naisgearan - {conjunctions}
far = where {non-interrogative context}
roimhearan - {prepositions agus abairtean roimhearaichte}
dhomh, dhuit (gov, gootch) = to me, to you
abairtean ceisteach - (interrogatives)
Cò aig a bheil ...? (ko ak a val) = who has ... ?
Cò aig an robh ... ? (ko ak an ro) = who had ... ?
Cleachdaidhean
Leugh na seantansan a tha anns an roinn 132 a-mach anns a’ Ghàidhlig. Ath-sgrìobh iad anns an leabhar-sgrìobhaidh agat agus chuir Beurla orra (na sgrìobh iad anns a’ Bheurla ge-tà). Leugh na seantansan a-mach a-rithist anns a’ Ghàidhlig fhad ‘s a saoil dè a tha iad a’ ciallachadh.
{Read the sentences in section 132 out loud in Gaelic. Copy them into your notebook and translate them into English (do not write them in English, though). Read the sentences outload again in Gaelic while thinking of what they are meaning.}
132.
1. An aithne dhuit Seamus?
2. Chan eil aithne agam air.
3. Tha an t-each aig an tuathanach.
4. Cò aig a bheil an t-airgead?
5. Tha e aig an duine.
6. Cò aig an robh am bàta?
7. Bha i aig an iasgair.
8. Bha am bàta aig Seumas ach chan eil i aige a-nis.
9. Ma bhios an t-airgead aig a’ chaileig bidh an taigh aig a’ ghille.
10. Tha cu aig a’ chiobair.
11. Nach eil leabhar agaibh?
12. Chan eil.
13. Bidh sgian aig a’ ghille.
14. Bha còig sgillinn aig a’ chaileig.
15. Bha sgian aig an iasgair an-dè ach chan eil i aige an-diugh.
16. Na’n robh sgian aig an duine biodh e glè thoilichte.
17. Cha robh fios agam gu’n robh sibh an sin.
18. Mur eil fios aig an tuathanach gu’n robh an gille an sin bidh fios aige a-nis.
19. Tha taigh aige anns a’ bhaile.
20. Chan eil aithne agam air.
21. Cuin a fhuair thu fios?
22. Bha fios agam far an robh an taigh aige.
Chuir Gàidhlig air na seantansan a tha anns an roinn 133 a' cleachdadh na seantansan a tha anns an roinn 132 mar eisimpleirean. Abair na seantansan ùra a-mach agus sgrìobh iad anns an leabhar-sgrìobhaidh agat.
{Translate the sentences in section 133 into Gaelic using the sentences in section 132 as examples. Speak the new sentences out loud and write them (down) in your notebook.}
133.
1. Do you know (aithne) this book?
2. I do not know it.
3. I don’t have that book.
4. Don’t you have this book? No.
5. Who had it?
6. James had the book yesterday.
7. I want that book.
8. The fisherman doesn’t have a boat now, but he will have it tomorrow.
9. I didn’t have five cents.
10. The boy doesn’t have the knife.
11. Who has it?
12. Do you know who had it?
13. I know (that) the girl had it last night.
14. Do you know if the farmer has the money now?
15. I know that he will not have it.
16. Will he have it tomorrow?
17. Yes, certainly.
18. Do you know if he wants a horse?
19. Do you know if that man has a dog?
20. I do not know if he has a dog now, but he had a dog last year.
21. Do you know the shepherd well?
22. I am well acquainted with him.
23. He is an intelligent man.
24. He was at the house yesterday.
25. Was he there this morning?