GAELIC SELF-TAUGHT - LEASAN a TRÌ - an Gnìomhair "A BHITH"; an Tràth Làithaireach EISIMEALACH (1)
(Lesson 3 - the Verb "TO BE"; Present Dependent Tense)
Aithris-àichidh (Disclaimer) :--
This lesson, and any which may follow, is from MacLaran's Gaelic Self-Taught which I noticed in the library this morning and picked up wondering what it was. The language instructions, exercises and pronunciation tips are all from MacLaran's Gaelic Self-taught which was published in 1923 by Alexander MacLaran and Sons, Gaelic Publishers. The directions in Gaelic (and English) which accompany the lesson are mine.
A bheil an leabhar-sgrìobhaidh agaibh? Glè mhath; leig leinn thòiseachadh.
(Do you have your notebook? Very good; let us begin.)
Fosgail an leabhar-sgrìobhaidh air duilleag ùr. (Open your notebook to a new page.)
Sgrìobh an seo a leanas (roinn #49). (Write down the following (section 49)).
49. an GNÌOMHAIR "A BHITH"; Pàtran de Làithaireach Tràith
(the VERB '"TO BE" ; Paradigm of the Present Tense)
Independent tha (ha)
Dependent bheil (val)
tha mi (ha mee) - I am
am bheil mi? (um val mee) - am I?
cha'n eil mi (chan yal mee) - I am not
nach eil mi? (nak al mee) - am I not?
ma tha mi (ma ha mee) - if I am
mur eil mi (mur yal mee) - if I am not
ged a tha mi (ket ah ha mee) - though I am
ged nach eil mi (ket nak al mee) - though I am not
gu'm bheil mi (kum val mee) - that I am
nach eil mi (nak al mee) - that I am not
Leugh an gràmar mu dheidhinn an tràth làthaireach dhen ghnìomhair "A BHITH" (roinnean #50 - 55). (Read the grammar about the present tense of the verb "TO BE" (sections 50 - 55)
50. As the verb is the same for each person in both numbers, it is unnecessary to print the same words six times over. The learner has only to repeat the pronouns in their order after every temporal change of the verb.
51. "nach" occurs twice in the list with different meanings. As the interrogative particle, it comes at the beginning of the sentence or clause. As the relative negative it is in the middle and follows it's antecedent.
52. "I am tired" in Gaelic is Tha mi sgìth but "He says that I am tired." = Tha e ag ràdh gum bheil mi sgìth. It is NOT Tha e ag ràdh a tha mi sgìth.
"Tha" is only used in the direct present to make a definite and independent statement about the subject.
"bheil" (or "eil") is employed when the verbs "am, art, is, etc." follow another verb upon which they are dependent, or when a question is being asked or something is denied.
53. The aspirated form of the verb, "bheil" (that is to say, "eil"), is always used after one of the dependent form particles of the present tense. "Cha'n eil" is used for "cha bheil", "bh" is thrown out for euphony's sake and an organic "n" ia placed between "cha" and "eil" to prevent a hiatus.
54. The sign of the participle (verb form ending in "-ing") is "ag". The "ag" is abbreviated to "a'" in front of most v erbs wheich beginn with a vowel or vowel sound, except for "ràdh". This participle (the verb form using "-ing" in English or "ag/ a'" in Gaelic) follows the subject when using Gaelic.
55. When we wish to answer "yes" or "no" we repeat the verb in the same tense as is used in the questioning sentence. The nounr or pronoun is not required.
Ex. Am bheil an gille fliuch? ... Tha. (Yes.) .. or .. Chan eil. (No.)
Sgrìobh na faclan a leanas. (Write the following words.)
56. FACLAN
* * buadhairean (adjectives) * *
crùbach (kroobuc) = lame
mall (maull) = slow
òg (ogk) = young
* * ainmearan (nouns) * *
dachaigh (tach-y) = home
don baile (ton valeh) = to the town
an t-each (an tchyac) = the horse
* * gnìomhairean (verbs) * *
a ' dol (eh dawl) = going
ag ràdh (ug ra) = saying
a' tighinn (eh cheeun) = coming
* * naisgearan conjunctions * *
ach (ac) = but
agus (a-ghus) = and
* * co-gnìomhairean (adverbs) * *
an-diugh (an joo) = today
fathast (fa-hust) = yet
Leum loidhne. (Skip a line.)
Sgrìobh na seantansan Gàidhlig a leanas (roinn 57). Leugh a-mach agus cuir Beurla orra. (Write the following Gaelic sentences (section 57). Read aloud and translate into English.)
57.
1. Am bheil an là fuar?
2. Chan eil an là fuar, the e blàth.
3. Ged a tha e blàth tha e fliuch.
4. Tha an t-each crùbach ma tha e mall.
5. Nach eil an duine an-sin a-nis?
6. Chan eil, tha e an-seo a-nis.
7. Mur eil an gille fuar tha e fliuch.
8. Tha an gille an-seo an-diugh.
9. Tha an gill sgìth, ach chan eil e fuar.
10. Tha e ag ràdh gum bheil e òg, ach tha mise ag ràdh nach eil.
11. Am bheil thu 'dol dhachaigh a-nis?
12. Chan eil, tha mi a' dol dhan bhaile.
13. Am bheil iad a' dol dhan bhaile? Tha.
14. Tha i a' tighinn dhachaigh a-nis.
15. Nach eil an là blàth? Tha.
Cuir Gàidhlig air na seantansan a leanas (roinn 58). Sgrìobh na seantansan ùra agus leugh iad a-mach. (Translate the following sentences into Gaelic (section 58). Write down the new sentences and read them aloud.)
58.
1. You are going to the town today.
2. Are you not ready yet?
3. No, he is ready but I am not.
4. The horse is lame today.
5. It is not here yet.
6. The boy is young.
7. If the man is not wet, he is cold.
8. The day is warm.
9. The horse is swift, but the dog is slow.
10. Isn't the man coming home?
11. No, he is going to the town.
12. You are not coming to the town today.
13. The boy is cold and wet.
14. If the man is not there, the boy here.
15. Though the boy is not young.
16. If the horse is not tired, he is lame.
17. She says that the man is coming here, but they say that he isn't.
18. Aren't you going home now?
Aithris-àichidh (Disclaimer) :--
This lesson, and any which may follow, is from MacLaran's Gaelic Self-Taught which I noticed in the library this morning and picked up wondering what it was. The language instructions, exercises and pronunciation tips are all from MacLaran's Gaelic Self-taught which was published in 1923 by Alexander MacLaran and Sons, Gaelic Publishers. The directions in Gaelic (and English) which accompany the lesson are mine.
A bheil an leabhar-sgrìobhaidh agaibh? Glè mhath; leig leinn thòiseachadh.
(Do you have your notebook? Very good; let us begin.)
Fosgail an leabhar-sgrìobhaidh air duilleag ùr. (Open your notebook to a new page.)
Sgrìobh an seo a leanas (roinn #49). (Write down the following (section 49)).
49. an GNÌOMHAIR "A BHITH"; Pàtran de Làithaireach Tràith
(the VERB '"TO BE" ; Paradigm of the Present Tense)
Independent tha (ha)
Dependent bheil (val)
tha mi (ha mee) - I am
am bheil mi? (um val mee) - am I?
cha'n eil mi (chan yal mee) - I am not
nach eil mi? (nak al mee) - am I not?
ma tha mi (ma ha mee) - if I am
mur eil mi (mur yal mee) - if I am not
ged a tha mi (ket ah ha mee) - though I am
ged nach eil mi (ket nak al mee) - though I am not
gu'm bheil mi (kum val mee) - that I am
nach eil mi (nak al mee) - that I am not
Leugh an gràmar mu dheidhinn an tràth làthaireach dhen ghnìomhair "A BHITH" (roinnean #50 - 55). (Read the grammar about the present tense of the verb "TO BE" (sections 50 - 55)
50. As the verb is the same for each person in both numbers, it is unnecessary to print the same words six times over. The learner has only to repeat the pronouns in their order after every temporal change of the verb.
51. "nach" occurs twice in the list with different meanings. As the interrogative particle, it comes at the beginning of the sentence or clause. As the relative negative it is in the middle and follows it's antecedent.
52. "I am tired" in Gaelic is Tha mi sgìth but "He says that I am tired." = Tha e ag ràdh gum bheil mi sgìth. It is NOT Tha e ag ràdh a tha mi sgìth.
"Tha" is only used in the direct present to make a definite and independent statement about the subject.
"bheil" (or "eil") is employed when the verbs "am, art, is, etc." follow another verb upon which they are dependent, or when a question is being asked or something is denied.
53. The aspirated form of the verb, "bheil" (that is to say, "eil"), is always used after one of the dependent form particles of the present tense. "Cha'n eil" is used for "cha bheil", "bh" is thrown out for euphony's sake and an organic "n" ia placed between "cha" and "eil" to prevent a hiatus.
54. The sign of the participle (verb form ending in "-ing") is "ag". The "ag" is abbreviated to "a'" in front of most v erbs wheich beginn with a vowel or vowel sound, except for "ràdh". This participle (the verb form using "-ing" in English or "ag/ a'" in Gaelic) follows the subject when using Gaelic.
55. When we wish to answer "yes" or "no" we repeat the verb in the same tense as is used in the questioning sentence. The nounr or pronoun is not required.
Ex. Am bheil an gille fliuch? ... Tha. (Yes.) .. or .. Chan eil. (No.)
Sgrìobh na faclan a leanas. (Write the following words.)
56. FACLAN
* * buadhairean (adjectives) * *
crùbach (kroobuc) = lame
mall (maull) = slow
òg (ogk) = young
* * ainmearan (nouns) * *
dachaigh (tach-y) = home
don baile (ton valeh) = to the town
an t-each (an tchyac) = the horse
* * gnìomhairean (verbs) * *
a ' dol (eh dawl) = going
ag ràdh (ug ra) = saying
a' tighinn (eh cheeun) = coming
* * naisgearan conjunctions * *
ach (ac) = but
agus (a-ghus) = and
* * co-gnìomhairean (adverbs) * *
an-diugh (an joo) = today
fathast (fa-hust) = yet
Leum loidhne. (Skip a line.)
Sgrìobh na seantansan Gàidhlig a leanas (roinn 57). Leugh a-mach agus cuir Beurla orra. (Write the following Gaelic sentences (section 57). Read aloud and translate into English.)
57.
1. Am bheil an là fuar?
2. Chan eil an là fuar, the e blàth.
3. Ged a tha e blàth tha e fliuch.
4. Tha an t-each crùbach ma tha e mall.
5. Nach eil an duine an-sin a-nis?
6. Chan eil, tha e an-seo a-nis.
7. Mur eil an gille fuar tha e fliuch.
8. Tha an gille an-seo an-diugh.
9. Tha an gill sgìth, ach chan eil e fuar.
10. Tha e ag ràdh gum bheil e òg, ach tha mise ag ràdh nach eil.
11. Am bheil thu 'dol dhachaigh a-nis?
12. Chan eil, tha mi a' dol dhan bhaile.
13. Am bheil iad a' dol dhan bhaile? Tha.
14. Tha i a' tighinn dhachaigh a-nis.
15. Nach eil an là blàth? Tha.
Cuir Gàidhlig air na seantansan a leanas (roinn 58). Sgrìobh na seantansan ùra agus leugh iad a-mach. (Translate the following sentences into Gaelic (section 58). Write down the new sentences and read them aloud.)
58.
1. You are going to the town today.
2. Are you not ready yet?
3. No, he is ready but I am not.
4. The horse is lame today.
5. It is not here yet.
6. The boy is young.
7. If the man is not wet, he is cold.
8. The day is warm.
9. The horse is swift, but the dog is slow.
10. Isn't the man coming home?
11. No, he is going to the town.
12. You are not coming to the town today.
13. The boy is cold and wet.
14. If the man is not there, the boy here.
15. Though the boy is not young.
16. If the horse is not tired, he is lame.
17. She says that the man is coming here, but they say that he isn't.
18. Aren't you going home now?