The Theory of Psychological Systems: C
The Theory of Psychological Systems: The Seven Laws of Psychology
© Leonard d’Ural and Zulfiya Khalilova
In view of the theory of psychological functions, the individual and the collective unconscious psychologist Carl Gustav Jung (XX c.), seven basic laws of psychology that determine the behavior of psychological systems in inertial and noninertial psychological space have been suggested, as well as the procedure of inversion of the principal axes of psychological functions (features)
Key words: psychological functions, rational, irrational, logic, intuition, R, S - chirality, femininity and masculinity, inertial and noninertial psychological space, the psychological system, model L, the inversion of psychological functions, individual and collective conscious and unconscious.
(Translated from Russian by Google Translator)
Previously [1] provides a definition of inertial psychological space in five-dimension as the following description: http://leonardural.livejournal.com/7058.html.
In order to identify the psychological individuals apply an orthogonal coordinate system to describe the psychological space. The introduction of "crystallographic axes of the system" [2 (c.602), 3] allows us to construct the following visual model (Fig. 1).
In Fig. 1. The orientation of the type of personality in five-dimensional space of psychological function ¬ tions XYZL (R / S) (Model L):
Blue arrow - logical and intuitive introvert type male LIIM «Systematics - Robespierre" in the R-configuration, the red arrow - its full dual pair: the ethical-sensory extravert female type ESEFS «Madonna La Gioconda" in the opposite S-chirality.
On the X axis is a rational arrange for the participation of sensible activity of the individual, including a logic function L in the conventional positive direction and ethical skuyu function E in the opposite direction.
Irrational Y-axis is represented by relatively positive and relatively intuitive I touch the negative S directions. Ver ¬ sion Scale, which is located on the axis Z, also has two directions: extroversion E in the upper half-introversion I - at the bottom.
The fourth coordinate that characterizes the vitality of the individual, we shall denote the color and the red (positive) part of the spectrum we choose the charge of femininity F, and blue (negative), the region is taken as symbol of masculinity M.
The fifth coordinate psychological responsible mutual orientation of the axes in psychological space, the so-called chirality - incompatibility with its mirror image. For dextro R (Rectus - right) take the element clockwise rotation of the logical element L ¬ skogo to the intuitive element of I under the supervision of the origin toward introversion I. The rotation of the element in the opposite direction indicates its antipode S (Sinister - left), it is incompatible with mirroring.
Chirality is shown to determine the order of the master and slave functions with respect to the orientation of the individual to others or themselves. Chirality of the individual may be given an indication of belonging to the order of X and Y axes with respect to the axis Z, as it is implemented in Jungian model of the division of individuals on the rational and irrational types (X or Y, numeric codes 1 or 2), the logic or ethics (+ or - on a rational-axis, digital codes 3 or 4), intuitive or sensing (+ or - on the axis of the irrational, the digital codes of 5 or 6), extroverts and introverts (+ or - on the axis vertnosti codes 7 or 8). By the previously described elements are added only a function of the vital force: feminine (the red part of the spectrum, +, code 0) or masculine (the blue region of the spectrum - code 9).
Psychological feature of an inertial space is to comply with the three basic laws of psychology in this area of psychological functions.
Thus, the definition of the first law of psychology:
Psychological space is called inertial if in that space of psychological functions observed three basic laws of psychology.
The First Law of psychology refers to the conservation law is formulated as follows.
Psychological system remains in a psychological space as long as it does not affect internal or external incentive forces.
In real life, obviously, it is more appropriate saying: "What was he - that was!"
To formulate the second law introduced the concept of psychological mass M, which was proposed to evaluate using conventional psychological classification proposed in IV century BC Greek physician Hippocrates. He distinguished four basic temperaments: choleric, sanguine, melancholic and phlegmatic, which were based on different dynamic characteristics of the emotional perception of the outside world, its affectivity as more psychological mass.
All clear that the phlegmatic with a very large psychological weight is very difficult to stir, but if it awaken and provoke, it is impossible to stop!
But do not wake the choleric. He may be the first to inflict a blow as the lightest weight boxer, ahead so to speak.
Sanguine have had mixed success as a symbol of Beeline, melancholic but hardly suffer psychological blow, and very likely to experience. Often unable to get out of difficult situations. Among them, a higher risk of suicide.
Since human behavior and his reaction is quite observable, then such a classification has been used successfully for the diagnostitics of human temperament, and for this reason, there remains to this day. However, the predictive power of the affectness classification is limited to situations of human behavior under extreme and exceptional circumstances (of passion). And reflects the individual's response to the psychological impact. In general, the second law of psychology is as follows.
The reaction of individual is proportional to the intensity of the psychological impact on him, and inversely proportional to its psychological weight.
The third law describes the behavior of the psychology of the psychological systems in interaction with each other and stated as follows.
Force psychological impact of systems on each other are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.
This law is easily explained became popular in the political life of the last time saying: "The action of equal and opposite reaction."
There are many beneficial effects, according to which you can track the behavior of psychological systems in inertial space, where the coordinate system is either at rest or moves uniformly in a straight line in a certain direction.
However, according to the laws of logic can be assumed that psychological space can vary, with some acceleration. Then, the concept of non-inertial psychological space can be formulated as follows.
Noninertial psychological space is a space where not met the first three fundamental laws of psychology.
So, now noninertial psychological space is easily identified by non-compliance with the fundamental laws of psychology. Where there is not met at least one of the laws of psychology, this space will, by definition, noninertial.
Then the fourth law of psychology is as follows.
In a noninertial psychological space inversion can occur for at least a psychological system along one axis describing paired psychological functions.
For example, an individual with a "feminine" psycho in a critical situation turns into his opposite - "masculine-male" psycho: http://leonardural.livejournal.com/16064.html
If the situation changes to the normal inertial psychological type is returned to its original state, then this transition is reversible transition and the sustainability of the system.
If you are not going to return the system to its original state, when removing the extreme loads, such a system is unstable, and the processes occurring in this case - irreversible.
However, the formulation of the first four of the laws of psychology are not touched upon the nature of psychological functions or features, their origin, heredity and other laws of their manifestation. We proceed according to the experience of constructing genetic laws Mendel [Wikipedia: Methods and progress Mendel].
• Mendel studied how individual traits are inherited.
• Mendel chose from all the evidence, or only fundamental alternative - those who were his grades two distinct variants (seeds or smooth or wrinkled, intermediate versions does not happen). Such deliberate restriction of the research problem clearly possible to establish common patterns of inheritance.
Psychogenetics (Greek psyche - the soul and the Greek. Genesis - origin) - the science of heredity and variation in mental health and psycho-physiological properties, which arose at the intersection of psychology and genetics [4,5]. In Western literature often uses the term "behavioral genetics» (behavioral genetics) [6]. Psychogenetics - Wikipedia -ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Психогенетика
The subject is psychogenetics interaction of heredity and environment in shaping interindividual variability properties of human psychology (cognitive and motor functions, temperament). In recent years, are actively developing sectors such as genetic psychogenetics psychophysiology, which investigates genetic and environmental determinants of bioelectrical activity of the brain and genetics of individual development [7], as well as the behavior of genomics, which studies the influence of genetic effects on behavior and various types of psychopathology [5].
To study the inheritance patterns of psychological characteristics, we choose the basic attributes of alternatives in pairs, called by Jung [Jung, Carl Gustav - Wikipedia] psychological functions. Then, the fifth law of psychology is formulated as follows:
The fundamental psychological functions (features) are genetically determined.
This implies the important corollary.
Corollary 1. For each sign of the fundamental psychological certain genes are responsible, but for the whole psychological system of the individual - a set of genes.
Corollary 2. For the clean lines of psychological characteristics to be observed three basic laws of Mendel: The law of uniformity of the first generation of hybrids, the Law and the Law of segregation of characters independent of inheritance of traits.
In today's [8] The main interpretation of the theory of heredity Mendel read as follows:
• For the fundamental hereditary or psychological symptoms respond discrete (separate, not mixing), hereditary factors - genes (the term "gene" was proposed in 1909 V.Iogannsenom)
• Each diploid organism has a pair of alleles of the gene responsible for this fundamental psychological feature: one of them received from his father, the other - from the mother.
• Heritable psychological traits are passed to descendants through the reproductive cells.
Obviously, in a psychological space for the non-inertial behavior of the individual responsible other parts of the genome of the individual. Then suggest the following wording for the Sixth law of psychology.
Psychological space in a noninertial activated "recessive" genes responsible for alternative psychological functions (features)
• Corollary 1. The dominance of alternative (especially recessive) paired psychological traits lead to a reversal of the psychological type of the individual in non-inertial psychological space.
• Corollary 2. Individuals with inverted psychological types are unstable in inertial space, psychological and returned to its original state with the leading role of the dominant psychological traits. Such systems are called persistent psychological systems.
• Corollary 3. Unstable psychological systems with inverted psychological symptoms are not capable of self-resetting the psychological state of the transition to the inertial psychological space.
Unstable psychological systems lose their ability to orient in time, subject to the risks to life, require external forces to determine their coordination in the psychological space and adequate medical care, the so-called mental health care.
Psychiatry - Wikipedia ru.wikipedia.org / wiki / Psychiatry.
Psychiatry (in German from the Greek psychiatrie. Ψυχή - soul and Greek. Ιατρός - a doctor, Gr. Ιατρικός - medical, medical) - a branch of clinical medicine that studies the psychological (mental) disorder, dealing with their treatment, prevention and assistance to the mentally ill, and and isolation of persons with mental disorders and those with behavioral problems [9], posing a potential danger to themselves or others, or violating certain social norms.
Has received wide recognition proposed by German psychiatrist Griesinger W. (1845) definition of psychiatry as a doctrine of recognition and treatment of mental illness [10]. According to some modern authors, this definition, "contains the most significant features of this medical discipline," [11] "precisely formulated problems facing psychiatry" [12] if we consider that: recognition means not only diagnosis but also the study of etiology, pathogenesis , course and outcome of mental disorders. The treatment, besides the therapy involves the organization of mental health care, prevention, rehabilitation and social aspects of psychiatry. (SG Obukhov Psychiatry / ed. JA Alexander. M. GEOTAR Media, 2007. C. 8.)
The term "psychiatry" was proposed in 1803 by German physician Johann Christian Reilly (German: Johann Reil; 1759-1813) [13, 14] in his famous book "Rhapsody» (Rhapsodien. 1803, 2nd ed. 1818), where, characterization of V. Kannabiha, "the fundamentals" of the present mental health ", that is (taking the word literally) - the treatment of mental diseases" [15].
The Seventh Law of psychology associated with the state of mind or psychological processes that occur within the individual, determined individual unconscious according to Jung [3]. In the case of the individual unconscious processing of information flows differently, different from the conventional way of thinking in inertial space, psychologically, that is in non-inertial state remains the individual himself.
The entry of the individual in non-inertial state in two possible ways: by an external non-inertial psychological space outside or internal forces, with the participation of the individual, including painful conditions and diseases of the individual.
For example, the logical and intuitive introvert in the inertial state becomes intuitive logical extrovert, inclined to the flight of scientific thought: "Pathfinder - Einstein." This state is shown in detail in the LiveJournal http://psychological-s.livejournal.com/3169.html. Here are some conclusions from this description.
First, in Unconsciousness people come in different ways: natural or artificial. The above link describes the natural way. He also carried out in a dream. As an artificial method of entry into the unconscious state can result in widespread alcohol or drugs. In a partially unconscious state can easily enter their own by a long swinging on a swing or long-term rotation around when you can almost lose control of yourself, lose your balance and even fall. In this case, man creates for the acceleration of the internal psychological state, his own psychological state of the vortex, which becomes a noninertial relative to an external inertial space.
In a state of unconscious people are in a dream, natural or artificial coma.
Second, the unconscious man is capable of receiving, recording and processing of information in any other way than it is in normal conditions: different speed, volume and depth of information processing.
For example, if an individual in the normal state in inertial space has as a leading mental functions - Logic, then removed in an unconscious state inhibition of the logical channel. Now, he gains the ability to receive and process information on the Intuitive type. At the same time changing the type of vert. Deep "introvert" in everyday life dealing with an individual, becomes the "extravert", refers to external information sources connected to the conventional "universal mind", to a certain prototype of the modern Internet.
Thus, in an unconscious state changes the order of the major psychological axes X and Y in the XY plane, and by inversion of the two alternative psychological functions located on the axis vertnosti. It should be noted that the chirality of the psychological system is conserved. That is the order of rotation of the basic psychological functions of the rational to the irrational toward introversion [1], in the above case, R (rectus - right), does not change.
Then, the Seventh Law of psychology states as follows:
In non-inertial (as defined by Jung in the individual unconscious) state of an individual under the action of intense external influences or internal sources may change the order of the major functions on the principal axes X and Y of the psychological space of XYZ, and can also be an inversion of the two alternative psychological functions: introversion and extroversion.
In the poetic or artistic terms, you can also assume that the unconscious manifests a kind of "soul" of the individual, which is conditional "working" outside the ordinary consciousness.
Deeper "insanity" comes with the manifestation of natural biological instincts, for example, during orgasm, when the work "touch" sensations partner, and consciousness is in "a pass" to the extent that the "male" at this time and "not afraid of death" .
Individual conscious and unconscious, and are fully reflected in the interaction of individuals with each other to form social systems.
In the case of the collective conscious people, forming a connection, are grouped in families, communities, "collective", the party on their specific goals and objectives.
The collective unconscious is defined as a set of certain "archetypes" of Jung, and reflects the collective processes underlying the transfer of information transmitted genetically from generation to generation. As typical examples are the "psychology" of the crowd, which, despite the loss, can sweep away any barrier, such as football fans.
It may be a collective spirit, drive of the people of Gumilev [16] (ru.wikipedia.org / wiki / Gumilev _Lev_Nikolaevich). Ideas that take possession of the masses are able to defeat fascism and restructure society.
In a remarkable statement by one of the participants in World War II, fought on the German side, and look for the very Russian spirit after an injury and captivity for ten years in Russia, was: "If the head of Russia 'will come some worthwhile idea - he was ready to give for her most precious life. "
In the "collective unconscious" state of society or group can work "archetypal instincts" that go beyond cultural universal values.
For example, there are pirates, terrorists, mafia and criminal gangs, which can be derived within the law only on a global scale.
Thus, the laws of interaction of psychological systems with each other in social systems, as well as with external psychological space have their own characteristics and will be discussed later.
References:
1. Leonard Khalil. Psychological systems. Classification and basic laws. Ufa: Monograph. 2005. 191 p.
2.. CG Jung, Psychological Types / / Trans. with it. / Ed. VV Zelensky. - Minsk: "Potpourri", 1998. - 656 p.; For him. edition: Gesammelte Werke. Rascher Verlag, Zurich, 1960. - Bd. 6.
3. Jung, CG // Psychology of the Unconscious / Trans. with it. - "AST-Publishing Ltd", "Canon", 1998. - 400 c.
4. Trubnikov Psychogenetics. Unit 1. - M.: Modern University for the Humanities, 2000. - 71 p.
Five. Psychogenetics: Textbook. Aleksandrov AA - St. Peter, 2007. - 192 p. Ill. - (Series "Textbook») ISBN 5-94723-662-1
6. Ravich-Scherbo, Maryutina TM, Grigorenko EL, ed. IV Ravich-Scherbo Psihogentika. Tutorial. - Moscow: Aspect Press, 2000. - 447 p. - ISBN 5-7567-0232-6 http://www.pedlib.ru/Books/1/0187/1_0187-1.shtml
7. Psychogenetics // Kondakov I. Psychological Dictionary, 2000
Eight. Dubinin, NP // General Genetics. - Moscow: "Nauka", 1986. - 560 p.
9. Deviant behavior
10. Griesinger W. Mental illness. Petersburg VA Cherkasova and Co., 1875. C. 1.
11. Handbook of Psychiatry. Ed. A. Tiganova. In 2 vols. Moscow: Medicine, 1999. - T. 1. S. 17.
12. Smetannikov PG Psychiatry: A Guide for Physicians. - Ed-e 5th, revised. and add. - M.: Medical Book, Nizhny Novgorod: NGMA, 2002. C. 6. The Internet is available only to e-mail. Version 1 of the first edition of this guide: Smetannikov PG Psychiatry: A brief guide for physicians. - St. Univ MAPS, 1994.
13. Psychiatry: A textbook for medical students. Ed. VP Samokhvalova. - Rostov n / D.: Phoenix, 2002. - S. 13.
14. "History of Psychiatry" Kannabiha V., ch. 18:2 (see Kannabikh V. History of Psychiatry. - Moscow: AST, MN.: Harvest, 2002. - S. 235). Kannabikh transcribes the name as a German psychiatrist, "O'Reilly." Kannabikh V. History of Psychiatry. - Moscow: AST, MN.: Harvest, 2002. - S. 235.
15. Korkina MV, Lakosina ND, Licko AE Psychiatry: A Textbook. - Moscow: Meditsina, 1995. - C. 5.
16. Gumilev LN "Ancient Rus and the Great Steppe." - Astrel, ACT, 2004. ISBN 5-17-026279-5, 5-271-09769-2 (http://turkportal.ru/scientpopbooks/48-gumilev-rus-step.html)
(Translated by Google)