Marcel Duchamp, Fountain, 1917; photograph by Alfred Stieglitz
During this time Duchamp began exhibiting "readymades" (everyday objects found or purchased and declared art)
such as a bottle rack, and was active in the Society of Independent Artists. In 1917 he submitted the now famous Fountain,
a urinal signed by (pseudonym) R. Mutt, to the Society of Independent Artists exhibition but they rejected the piece.
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Dada or Dadaism was an art movement of the European avant-garde in the early 20th century. It began in Zurich,
Switzerland in 1916, spreading to Berlin shortly thereafter. Dada was born out of negative reaction to the horrors
of World War I :
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dada .