logical fallacies
In Philosophy 101, we are told about the different logical fallacies - i.e., the slippery slope fallacy, the appeal to authority, the ad hominem argument, etc. All (or most) are listed at http://www.fallacyfiles.org.
Two questions:
1) What are the logical underpinnings of these logical fallacies? How were these specific thought patterns proven to be fallacies? I mean, it isn't like there is a way to empirically determine what is a fallacy and what is valid logic.
2) Is there any writing linking the concept of logical fallacies with cultural bias? Have any non-Western cultures had significantly different ideas of what logic is?
Two questions:
1) What are the logical underpinnings of these logical fallacies? How were these specific thought patterns proven to be fallacies? I mean, it isn't like there is a way to empirically determine what is a fallacy and what is valid logic.
2) Is there any writing linking the concept of logical fallacies with cultural bias? Have any non-Western cultures had significantly different ideas of what logic is?