Encyclopedia of Psychology Alan E. Kazdin, PhD, Editor-in-Chief
PUBLIC POLICY. Public policy refers generally to the formulation, implementation, and evaluation of the distribution of public resources.
...Some psychologists serve as members of the legislative staffs and committees that formulate decisions about the allocation of public funds, the nature of public services, and the definition of individual and public responsibility.
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The American Psychological Association and its state counterparts, through their staff and lobbyists, for example, advocated strongly for states to regulate who can be called a “psychologist” and to limit the use of psychological methods (e.g., psychodiagnostic assessment, psychotherapy) to appropriately qualified individuals. Because of these efforts, licensing and certification of psychologists occurs in all 50 states.
...Passage of freedom-of-choice legislation contributed substantially to the economic viability of the independent practice of professional psychologists. Relative to the public welfare, it also substantially expanded the number and diversity of mental health providers available to the population.
...Responding to Albee’s (1959) analysis that critical shortages of mental health personnel would compromise full implementation of the community mental health movement, psychologists advocated to Congress for the continuation and expansion of federal support for doctoral training in clinical psychology begun in response to the large number of mental health casualties following World War II and the Korean conflict (Phares & Trull, 1997). Support from the Veteran’s Administration for such training clearly increased the number of psychologists and other mental health professionals available to meet the nation’s needs.
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... By expanding the number and diversity of mental health professionals and shaping their expertise to respond to identified national needs, the discipline can argue that its efforts also served the public welfare by increasing its awareness of, access to, and use of mental health services
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...Throughout the past decade, psychology has increased its efforts to convince policy makers and the public that the salience of behaviors and attitudes for the nation’s health must be reflected in their fiscal support for research on social and behavioral factors. A recent report by the National Academy of Science’s Institute of Medicine (Mrazek & Haggerty, 1994) underscores this point even further. In their analysis, the nation’s capacity to reduce death, disability, and emotional distress resulting, for example, from addictive behaviors, unprotected sexual intercourse, violence in families and in communities, and parenting limitations, depends on the findings of social and behavioral scientists focused on disease prevention and health promotion.
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