There are a number of excellent introductions to Indian philosophical theory. For more
advanced treatment of the theory, the work of Bimal Matilal is highly recommended.
Bimal Krishna Matilal, Epistemology, Logic and Grammar in Indian Philosophical Analysis
(Oxford, 2005) A recently re-printed classic.
Jonardon Ganeri, Philosophy in Classical India: The Proper Work of Reason (Routledge,
2001). A study of rationality and analysis in Indian philosophical theory.
J. N. Mohanty, Classical Indian Philosophy (Rowman and Littlefield, 2002). A short but
wide-ranging and engaging book.
The volumes of Karl Potter’s Encyclopaedia of Indian Philosopiers contain useful
introductions and surveys of the primary literature. This is an ongoing project with different
volumes being devoted to different philosophical schools. So far eight volumes have been
published. Volume 1 is a comprehensive bibliography (it is available online at
http://faculty.washington.edu/kpotter/).
Others.
Bimal Krishna Matilal, Perception. The best single volume in Indian epistemology, scholarly
and reliable.
Bimal Krishna Matilal, Collected Essays (Oxford, 2002). Volume 1: Mind, Language and
World. Volume 2: Ethics and Epics. A collection of fine essays on a great variety of
philosophical and methodological topics.
Bimal Krishna Matilal, Logic, Language and Reality (Motilal Banarsidass, 1985). Difficult
but definitive treatment of many important issues.
J.N. Mohanty, Reason and Tradition in Indian Thought (Oxford, 1998). Challenging
interpretations of many key doctrines.
Stephen Phillips, Classical Indian Metaphysics (Open Court, 1995). Modern and engagingly
written.
S.N. Dasgupta, A History of Indian Philosophy (Cambridge, 1922-55). An old and
monumental classic, quite dated but still useful.