Mount Sinai researchers identify potential therapeutic target for improving long-term memory -- "IGF-II [insulin-like growth factor II] is enriched in the adult brain in several areas, including the hippocampus and cortex, which are known to be important for memory formation. Researchers injected the hippocampus of rats with the protein and found that IGF-II significantly improved long-term memory. The team also found that IGF-II levels increased after learning, and that when that increase was blocked long-lasting memories could not form."