Hmm... I am not sure about the genetics about organ donation, if there are any, as I am not a doctor, but I assume that the genetics may not come into play all that much as organs are often donated by complete strangers. How close they have to be in blood type though, depends upon the blood type of the recipient.
Blood type is determined by the type of antigen found on the surface of one's red blood cells (the ones with the oxygen-carrying haemoglobin and no nucleus). Detection, and compatability, is based upon the antibodies formed on the present antigens. Take a look at the diagram below.
Meep! Sorry! XD I tried to make the explanation as comprehensible as possible, as in, I tried to not use science-speak and just typed colloquially. And I didn't know about the bone marrow stuff either - someone had just mentioned offhand before that it was different surface proteins and I went, "Oh...", but secretly 'MEH. *files away for later reference in cobwebbed area of brain*' XD.
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Blood type is determined by the type of antigen found on the surface of one's red blood cells (the ones with the oxygen-carrying haemoglobin and no nucleus). Detection, and compatability, is based upon the antibodies formed on the present antigens. Take a look at the diagram below.
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"- A person with blood type B can receive B, BO, or O.
- A person with blood type AB can receive AB, A, AO, B, BO or O."
I copy-pasted from the sentence above it, and forgot to change one the letters. Whoops.
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Ahh~ The wonders of Google.
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