The Berlin Wall
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As a result from the currency reform that was sided by the Western Allies and materialized by printing the bills overseas from September 1947 (shipping to Bremerhaven was from February 1948 until April 1948), the Soviet Military Administration in Germany ordered the mayor of Berlin to execute the currency reform of the Soviet occupation zone, originally scheduled for June 23 1948, applying to all four sectors in the town. The reigning mayor at this time was Willy Brandt, Friedrich Ebert started in East Berlin by November 30 in 1948.
From June 24 in 1948 the Soviet Union established the Berlin Blockade, which lasted until May 12th in 1949, but lead to no success.
In 1952, establishing of the inner German border began to be realized. Before that, possible dissidents were layed to forced movement to the inland, based upon reliable and semi-reliable information.
Also since 1952, there already have been thoughts in the SED party leader ship to close the border to the Western sectors, but due to the fact needing the agreement of the Soviet Union, which was missing, and running railway logistics in Berlin the idea could not be realized then.
In May 1961, the Berlin Ringbahn was completed, which allowed to drive around the Western Berlin sectors and so allowed for traffic to get along entirely without them.
Because of the Deutschmark circulating in Berlin since its introducing in 1948 (people who worked in Western Berlin got their income partly paid in Deutschmark, regardless of their place of living, so people from the East got hold of the more valuable currency), the Eastern concept of raising up society got into danger. The Deutschmark allowed its holders to afford themselves luxury that other citizens of the GDR could not, such as travelling to West Germany and Western foreign countries as well as purchasing Western wares.
In the longterm, developments threatened and started to undermine the concept of East Germany and the Soviet Union, which have seperated because they've felt like turned over the barrel at the currency reform and at raising a non-fascistic Germany.
A last trial to settle things with the people carrying the West German currency peacefully was undertaken in 1961 as the magistrate of East Berlin tried to form a commission with the city administration of the Western sectors, but then ruling mayor of West Berlin Willy Brandt refused the idea. - As in 1958/59 with Khrushchew's Berlin Ultimatum in November 1958, where Berlin should turn into a demilitarized Free City, otherwise the Soviet Union would transfer control over the pathways from West-Berlin to West-Germany to the GDR in half a year.
At the beginning of August 1961, during a meeting of Khrushchew and Ulbricht in Moscow was settled. A few days later, on a conferrence of the leaders of the countries of the Warsaw Pact the plan was finally decided, in order to fight the brain drain and "voting with one's feet" that took place in the GDR, East Berlin and other states of the Eastern bloc.
From the year of 1945 until the errection of the Berlin wall in August 1961, 3.5 million people fled to Western countries, mostly young and well-educated skilled workers.
As a result from the currency reform that was sided by the Western Allies and materialized by printing the bills overseas from September 1947 (shipping to Bremerhaven was from February 1948 until April 1948), the Soviet Military Administration in Germany ordered the mayor of Berlin to execute the currency reform of the Soviet occupation zone, originally scheduled for June 23 1948, applying to all four sectors in the town. The reigning mayor at this time was Willy Brandt, Friedrich Ebert started in East Berlin by November 30 in 1948.
From June 24 in 1948 the Soviet Union established the Berlin Blockade, which lasted until May 12th in 1949, but lead to no success.
In 1952, establishing of the inner German border began to be realized. Before that, possible dissidents were layed to forced movement to the inland, based upon reliable and semi-reliable information.
Also since 1952, there already have been thoughts in the SED party leader ship to close the border to the Western sectors, but due to the fact needing the agreement of the Soviet Union, which was missing, and running railway logistics in Berlin the idea could not be realized then.
In May 1961, the Berlin Ringbahn was completed, which allowed to drive around the Western Berlin sectors and so allowed for traffic to get along entirely without them.
Because of the Deutschmark circulating in Berlin since its introducing in 1948 (people who worked in Western Berlin got their income partly paid in Deutschmark, regardless of their place of living, so people from the East got hold of the more valuable currency), the Eastern concept of raising up society got into danger. The Deutschmark allowed its holders to afford themselves luxury that other citizens of the GDR could not, such as travelling to West Germany and Western foreign countries as well as purchasing Western wares.
In the longterm, developments threatened and started to undermine the concept of East Germany and the Soviet Union, which have seperated because they've felt like turned over the barrel at the currency reform and at raising a non-fascistic Germany.
A last trial to settle things with the people carrying the West German currency peacefully was undertaken in 1961 as the magistrate of East Berlin tried to form a commission with the city administration of the Western sectors, but then ruling mayor of West Berlin Willy Brandt refused the idea. - As in 1958/59 with Khrushchew's Berlin Ultimatum in November 1958, where Berlin should turn into a demilitarized Free City, otherwise the Soviet Union would transfer control over the pathways from West-Berlin to West-Germany to the GDR in half a year.
At the beginning of August 1961, during a meeting of Khrushchew and Ulbricht in Moscow was settled. A few days later, on a conferrence of the leaders of the countries of the Warsaw Pact the plan was finally decided, in order to fight the brain drain and "voting with one's feet" that took place in the GDR, East Berlin and other states of the Eastern bloc.
From the year of 1945 until the errection of the Berlin wall in August 1961, 3.5 million people fled to Western countries, mostly young and well-educated skilled workers.