Уриноскописты.Анализы и определение беременности по моче.14-19 век
Анализы и определение беременности по моче.14-19 век.
Определение беременности по моче.
Старинные методы диагностики и лечения кажутся нам ужасными: лекарства, от которых запросто можно умереть, кровопускания и клистиры как панацея.
Анализы по моче известны много сотен лет.
По цвету и прозрачности определяли заболевания и беременность, пользовались этим методом очень часто.
Если приглядеться, на многих гравюрах и картинах визита к врачу или в аптеку можно увидеть бутылочку с анализом или футляр с ней.
Панацея держит в руках сосуд с мочой:
After Maarten van Cleef
Print made by Philips Galle
1574
Panacea personifying the medical profession; she is seated and holds aloft a urine flask? and a pill box?; she sits amongst a pestle and mortar and various medicinal ingredients; in a room beyond an anatomical dissection with surgeons operating on a body and at right a pharmacy with a physician presenting a pharmacist with a recipe outside his shop
The plague in Leiden in 1574: a doctor examines a urine flask surrounded by the ill, the dying and the dead. Line engraving.
------------Графика и миниатюры------------
======================================
Physician examining urine.
Miniature 14th century
From: Ellesmere Manuscript, Chaucer Society's edition.
Collection: Wellcome Images
Library reference no.: Slide number 1338
urine, examination
Doctor examining urine, assistants comparing contents of urine flasks, patients bringing urine for examination.
Woodcut
From: Ortus sanitatis
Published: Jacob MeydenbachMainz 1491
A physician using pomander, taking the pulse (?) of a man sick with plague; right., attendant with urine-flask basket.
Woodcut circa 1493
From: Fasciculus medicine
By: de Ketham, J.
Published: GregoriiVenice 1495
A sick man in bed being attended to by a serving woman and physician.
Woodcut
From: Der dritte Theil der grossen Wundartzeney
By: Paracelsus
Published: G. RabenFrankfort 1562 - 1563
Two physicians discussing contents of a urine flask held by one of them, other flasks and books standing on shelves behind.
Woodcut circa 1494
From: Fasciculus medicine
By: Johannes de Ketham
Published: Saragossa or Burgos 1494 - 1495
------
A physician lecturing to students about urinoscopy, he points to a flask held by an assistant. Heliotype.
Patient in bed, physician standing on his right examining urine flask.
Woodcut 16th century
Formerly attributed to Hans Holbein the Younger
1545-1546
Roundel with a half-length figure in profile to left, holding a urine bottle
Physician with urine flask, medieval manuscript; Bibliotheque nationale, Ms. 22, 534.
From: Encyclopedie Francaise d'Urologie
By: Pousson, A. & Desnos, E.
A king about to drink polluted water; in background, the same king in bed, attended by doctors practising uroscopy.
Engraving
From: Secretioris naturae secretorum scrutinium chymicum.
By: Michael Maier
Published: J.P. AndreaFrankfort 1687
A physician talking to a patient about his illness, the patient is holding a basket containing a urine flask. Engraving.
--------------Картины------------
========================================
------------Urine Doctor------
Wellcome Library, London
A quack examining a urine flask. Oil painting.
------------------
A Doctor Examining Urine, one of the most famous Baroque Oil Paintings painted by French Baroque painter Trophime Bigot.
Trophime Bigot (1579-1649/50), was a French painter of the Baroque era, active in Rome and his native Provence
The Charity of St. Cosmas and St. Damian, detail depicting scenes of medical treatment
Frans the Elder Francken
--------------------------
Wellcome Library, London
A physician examining a urine flask. Oil painting in the manner of Salomon de Koninck.Date earliest
about 1650
A physician (?) examining a urine-flask. Oil painting by an Hungarian (?) painter.
--------------Gerrit Dou-(1613- 1675)---------
The Urine Doctor
Gerrit or Gerard Dou
Wellcome Library, London
A physician examining a flask of urine brought by a young woman. Oil painting attributed to a German follower of Gerrit Dou.
The Physician
By: Gerrit Dou(1613- 1675).
A Quack Standing Small Three Quarter Length At A Draped Stone Window Inspecting The Urine Of A Woman Standing Nearby - Gerrit Dou
-----------------------------
Wellcome Library, London
A physician examining a urine-flask. Oil painting attributed to Jan Jansz. Buesem.
By: Jan Jansz. Buesem
Attributed to Brouwer, Adriaen (Flemish painter, born 1605 or 1606, died 1638)
Previous attributions Previously attributed to Bloot, Pieter de (Dutch painter, ca.1602-1658)
------------------
A physician examining a urine flask. Oil painting.
Anonymous painter from Haarlem from the 1630s
A doctor inspecting a flask of urine
Signed “Hals” on a small piece of paper bottom right
-
--------------David Teniers--------
A medical practitioner examining a urine flask. Oil painting after David Teniers the younger.
possibly 1650
A man examining a urine flask. Oil painting by a follower of David Teniers II.
A physician-alchemist examining a urine flask. Oil painting by a follower of David Teniers the younger.
--------------------
Wellcome Library, London
A physician examining his own urine in a flask and feeling his heart-beat.
In the Altes Museum (?), Berlin
Oil 1665 By: Adriaen van Ostade
---------------------------------------
Oudendijck, Evert "A doctor inspecting a flask of urine"
-----------------------
---------------Женщины-
---------------визит к доктору-------
Print made by Balthasar Anton Dunker
Date
1771
A urinoscopist examining a glass bottle, seen through an arched window, a peasant woman standing behind him, books and a globe on the window-sill; after Gerrit Dou
-----------------Картины-----
18 век
A physician examining a urine flask of a scantily dressed attractive woman who is in bed surrounded by her mother, lover and servant. Engraving by A.F. David after J.B. Leprince.
A physician examining a urine flask. Oil painting by Gerard Thomas.
------------------------------
A urinoscopist examining a glass bottle, a peasant woman standing behind him, anatomical books and jars on the window-sill, seen through an arched window of which the sill is decorated with a relief showing putti playing with a ram; after the 1653 painting by Gerrit Dou. c.1821-1828
The Charlatan
Gerard Thomas
A physician examining a urine-flask и кровопускание и анализ по моче.
Bossche, Balthasar van den,
1681-1715
-----------Аптеки----
Wellcome Library, London
A woman in a pharmacy with a urine flask and a monkey holding an empty flask at a casement. Oil painting by Willem Joseph Laquy.
After Gottfried Locher
Interior of a pharmacy with shelves full of bottles and boxes, corpulent chemist is sitting at the counter and observing a glass. 1774
--------------Визит доктора---------------
=======================================
A Dutch physician taking the pulse of a female patient, a urine flask in a wicker basket is on a table beside them. Engraving by P. Basan, 16--, after G. Ter Borch, the younger.
A young male physician stirring a medicinal mixture for a female patient, the patient's mother reassures her, a urine flask is on the table. Lithograph by A. Bida after G. Ter Borch, the younger.
The dropsical woman; rich interior with a woman seated on a chair at centre, attended by two girls, a doctor examining a bottle with urine at right; after Gerrit Dou. c.1804-1815
Etching and engraving
----------------Живопись-------
========================================
A Doctor Visiting a Young Lady in a Bedroom
Samuel van Hoogstraten
The Doctor's Visit
Frans van Mieris
A medical practitioner taking a girl's pulse and holding a flask of her urine, with four other figures on the left and a maid opening a door on the right. Oil painting after Richard Brakenburg.
Oil 17th century By: Richard Brakenburg
--------------
A physician holding a urine flask in the presence of a young woman and man.
Title: Doctor's Visit 1658-62
Artist: Jan Steen (1626-1679)
Apsley House, London
Steen made the point, a common motif of comedies, by giving the doctor an outmoded, perhaps theatrical costume, by letting the boy Cupid smile knowingly at the viewer.
The Doctor's visit; interior of a bedroom with an ill woman reclining in an arm-chair, assisted by her maid who pours medicine onto a spoon, a doctor standing at left and examining a bottle of urine, a lap-dog jumping against the woman's legs Gabriel Metsu. c.1845-1847
-------------Алхимики-------------
Тоже делали анализы, ставили диагнозы:
Chemistry’s colorful past
by Neil Gussman
Chemical Heritage Foundation, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Paintings of alchemists show them holding up flasks. The contents of those flasks are almost always golden in color. That’s because alchemists were obsessed with urine.
The Medical Chemist, 18th century, by Franz Christoph Janneck. (Oil on copper. Fisher Collection, Chemical Heritage Foundation Collections. FA 2000.001.275.) A shabby and dirty alchemist looking for cues of the maladies of the patient through urinoscopy
---------------Беременность----------
=======================================
------Рregnancy diagnose-------------
Очень распостранееным было определение беременности по моче.
На многих картинах и карикатурах обыгрывается сюжет, где молодую женщину приводит пожилая:
"Анализ" мочи у беременной
A physician examining a pregnant woman's urine specimen in his library. Mezzotint.
Published: Carrington BowlesLondon (St. Pauls Church Yard)
A physician examining a urine flask. Enamel after Caspar Netscher.
A physician examining a urine flask brought by a young woman. Oil painting, 19th century, after Hendrik Heerschop.
---------------------
A physician sitting before a table, holding a urine flask, with two women, a boy and several other figures in the room. Oil painting by Gerard Thomas.
Wellcome Library, London
A physician-virtuoso in his cabinet, examining a flask of urine brought by a lady. Oil painting by a painter in the circle of Gerard Thomas, early 18th century.
1700 By: Gerard Thomas
--------------
Wellcome Library, London
A physician examining a urine-flask brought by a woman. Oil painting after Caspar Netscher.
By: Caspar Netscher
A physician examining a urine flask. Oil painting.
A man examining a urine flask. Oil painting by Egbert van Heemskerck.
--------------------
Wellcome Library, London
A philosopher in his study, consulted by an old woman to determine from a flask of urine whether the young woman accompanying her is pregnant.
By: Egbert van Heemskerck
A physician examining a urine-flask. Oil painting in the style of Gerard Thomas.
A physician examining a urine-flask. Oil painting by Justus Juncker.
Contemporary jokes also ridiculed doctors for their inability to diagnose pregnancy, a condition here indicated by the mythic pregnancy test of a ribbon dipped in urine, smouldering in the brazier.
---------------Карикатуры-------
A broadside satirising Frederick V, plagued by the devil and Spanish mosquitos; with an etching showing a sick lion sitting on a table, surrounded by mosquitos, with three monkeys attending him, and one fox examining a glass with a urine sample, in which a devil is depicted; with engraved text in two columns. (n.p.:1621)
Дистилляция воды-
показывает сельского медицинского врача(?), используется собственная урина - для лекарства для натирания глаз.
Wellcome Library, London
A village doctress distilling eyewater
The watercolour shows a rural medical practitioner, a woman, not young, using her own urine to create a medicine which she offers for sale for rubbing on the eyes to dispel bad humours of the eye. She urinates in the right foreground into a funnel over a chemical vessel; another, younger woman urinates in the left background into a funnel placed in a barrel, and a cat urinates in the left foreground on to the ground.
Watercolour circa 1800 By: Thomas Rowlandson
Еще по теме:
---------------------------
РОДЫ и предохранение-ТУТ
Кровопускание.13-19 век-ТУТ
Мода на клистир. История клистира и картинки--ТУТ
-----------------------
Уриноскопия в истории, статья
"The Visual Image of Chemistry:
Perspectives from the History of Art and Science
Joachim Schummer & Tami I. Spector"
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uroscopy
http://images.wellcome.ac.uk/
http://www.britishmuseum.org/
http://www.jeanmoust.com/index.cfm?page=Home
http://www.nicepaintings.org/browse/artist/Teniers,%20David,%20II
http://www.staroilpainting.com/?page=shop/flypage_bulk&product_id=33561&PHPSESSID=a5treq01l8qioml2t4jc3f8t93
http://www.neatorama.com/2011/02/01/alchemy%E2%80%99s-shower-of-gold/
Определение беременности по моче.
Старинные методы диагностики и лечения кажутся нам ужасными: лекарства, от которых запросто можно умереть, кровопускания и клистиры как панацея.
Анализы по моче известны много сотен лет.
По цвету и прозрачности определяли заболевания и беременность, пользовались этим методом очень часто.
Если приглядеться, на многих гравюрах и картинах визита к врачу или в аптеку можно увидеть бутылочку с анализом или футляр с ней.
Панацея держит в руках сосуд с мочой:
After Maarten van Cleef
Print made by Philips Galle
1574
Panacea personifying the medical profession; she is seated and holds aloft a urine flask? and a pill box?; she sits amongst a pestle and mortar and various medicinal ingredients; in a room beyond an anatomical dissection with surgeons operating on a body and at right a pharmacy with a physician presenting a pharmacist with a recipe outside his shop
The plague in Leiden in 1574: a doctor examines a urine flask surrounded by the ill, the dying and the dead. Line engraving.
------------Графика и миниатюры------------
======================================
Physician examining urine.
Miniature 14th century
From: Ellesmere Manuscript, Chaucer Society's edition.
Collection: Wellcome Images
Library reference no.: Slide number 1338
urine, examination
Doctor examining urine, assistants comparing contents of urine flasks, patients bringing urine for examination.
Woodcut
From: Ortus sanitatis
Published: Jacob MeydenbachMainz 1491
A physician using pomander, taking the pulse (?) of a man sick with plague; right., attendant with urine-flask basket.
Woodcut circa 1493
From: Fasciculus medicine
By: de Ketham, J.
Published: GregoriiVenice 1495
A sick man in bed being attended to by a serving woman and physician.
Woodcut
From: Der dritte Theil der grossen Wundartzeney
By: Paracelsus
Published: G. RabenFrankfort 1562 - 1563
Two physicians discussing contents of a urine flask held by one of them, other flasks and books standing on shelves behind.
Woodcut circa 1494
From: Fasciculus medicine
By: Johannes de Ketham
Published: Saragossa or Burgos 1494 - 1495
------
A physician lecturing to students about urinoscopy, he points to a flask held by an assistant. Heliotype.
Patient in bed, physician standing on his right examining urine flask.
Woodcut 16th century
Formerly attributed to Hans Holbein the Younger
1545-1546
Roundel with a half-length figure in profile to left, holding a urine bottle
Physician with urine flask, medieval manuscript; Bibliotheque nationale, Ms. 22, 534.
From: Encyclopedie Francaise d'Urologie
By: Pousson, A. & Desnos, E.
A king about to drink polluted water; in background, the same king in bed, attended by doctors practising uroscopy.
Engraving
From: Secretioris naturae secretorum scrutinium chymicum.
By: Michael Maier
Published: J.P. AndreaFrankfort 1687
A physician talking to a patient about his illness, the patient is holding a basket containing a urine flask. Engraving.
--------------Картины------------
========================================
------------Urine Doctor------
Wellcome Library, London
A quack examining a urine flask. Oil painting.
------------------
A Doctor Examining Urine, one of the most famous Baroque Oil Paintings painted by French Baroque painter Trophime Bigot.
Trophime Bigot (1579-1649/50), was a French painter of the Baroque era, active in Rome and his native Provence
The Charity of St. Cosmas and St. Damian, detail depicting scenes of medical treatment
Frans the Elder Francken
--------------------------
Wellcome Library, London
A physician examining a urine flask. Oil painting in the manner of Salomon de Koninck.Date earliest
about 1650
A physician (?) examining a urine-flask. Oil painting by an Hungarian (?) painter.
--------------Gerrit Dou-(1613- 1675)---------
The Urine Doctor
Gerrit or Gerard Dou
Wellcome Library, London
A physician examining a flask of urine brought by a young woman. Oil painting attributed to a German follower of Gerrit Dou.
The Physician
By: Gerrit Dou(1613- 1675).
A Quack Standing Small Three Quarter Length At A Draped Stone Window Inspecting The Urine Of A Woman Standing Nearby - Gerrit Dou
-----------------------------
Wellcome Library, London
A physician examining a urine-flask. Oil painting attributed to Jan Jansz. Buesem.
By: Jan Jansz. Buesem
Attributed to Brouwer, Adriaen (Flemish painter, born 1605 or 1606, died 1638)
Previous attributions Previously attributed to Bloot, Pieter de (Dutch painter, ca.1602-1658)
------------------
A physician examining a urine flask. Oil painting.
Anonymous painter from Haarlem from the 1630s
A doctor inspecting a flask of urine
Signed “Hals” on a small piece of paper bottom right
-
--------------David Teniers--------
A medical practitioner examining a urine flask. Oil painting after David Teniers the younger.
possibly 1650
A man examining a urine flask. Oil painting by a follower of David Teniers II.
A physician-alchemist examining a urine flask. Oil painting by a follower of David Teniers the younger.
--------------------
Wellcome Library, London
A physician examining his own urine in a flask and feeling his heart-beat.
In the Altes Museum (?), Berlin
Oil 1665 By: Adriaen van Ostade
---------------------------------------
Oudendijck, Evert "A doctor inspecting a flask of urine"
-----------------------
---------------Женщины-
---------------визит к доктору-------
Print made by Balthasar Anton Dunker
Date
1771
A urinoscopist examining a glass bottle, seen through an arched window, a peasant woman standing behind him, books and a globe on the window-sill; after Gerrit Dou
-----------------Картины-----
18 век
A physician examining a urine flask of a scantily dressed attractive woman who is in bed surrounded by her mother, lover and servant. Engraving by A.F. David after J.B. Leprince.
A physician examining a urine flask. Oil painting by Gerard Thomas.
------------------------------
A urinoscopist examining a glass bottle, a peasant woman standing behind him, anatomical books and jars on the window-sill, seen through an arched window of which the sill is decorated with a relief showing putti playing with a ram; after the 1653 painting by Gerrit Dou. c.1821-1828
The Charlatan
Gerard Thomas
A physician examining a urine-flask и кровопускание и анализ по моче.
Bossche, Balthasar van den,
1681-1715
-----------Аптеки----
Wellcome Library, London
A woman in a pharmacy with a urine flask and a monkey holding an empty flask at a casement. Oil painting by Willem Joseph Laquy.
After Gottfried Locher
Interior of a pharmacy with shelves full of bottles and boxes, corpulent chemist is sitting at the counter and observing a glass. 1774
--------------Визит доктора---------------
=======================================
A Dutch physician taking the pulse of a female patient, a urine flask in a wicker basket is on a table beside them. Engraving by P. Basan, 16--, after G. Ter Borch, the younger.
A young male physician stirring a medicinal mixture for a female patient, the patient's mother reassures her, a urine flask is on the table. Lithograph by A. Bida after G. Ter Borch, the younger.
The dropsical woman; rich interior with a woman seated on a chair at centre, attended by two girls, a doctor examining a bottle with urine at right; after Gerrit Dou. c.1804-1815
Etching and engraving
----------------Живопись-------
========================================
A Doctor Visiting a Young Lady in a Bedroom
Samuel van Hoogstraten
The Doctor's Visit
Frans van Mieris
A medical practitioner taking a girl's pulse and holding a flask of her urine, with four other figures on the left and a maid opening a door on the right. Oil painting after Richard Brakenburg.
Oil 17th century By: Richard Brakenburg
--------------
A physician holding a urine flask in the presence of a young woman and man.
Title: Doctor's Visit 1658-62
Artist: Jan Steen (1626-1679)
Apsley House, London
Steen made the point, a common motif of comedies, by giving the doctor an outmoded, perhaps theatrical costume, by letting the boy Cupid smile knowingly at the viewer.
The Doctor's visit; interior of a bedroom with an ill woman reclining in an arm-chair, assisted by her maid who pours medicine onto a spoon, a doctor standing at left and examining a bottle of urine, a lap-dog jumping against the woman's legs Gabriel Metsu. c.1845-1847
-------------Алхимики-------------
Тоже делали анализы, ставили диагнозы:
Chemistry’s colorful past
by Neil Gussman
Chemical Heritage Foundation, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Paintings of alchemists show them holding up flasks. The contents of those flasks are almost always golden in color. That’s because alchemists were obsessed with urine.
The Medical Chemist, 18th century, by Franz Christoph Janneck. (Oil on copper. Fisher Collection, Chemical Heritage Foundation Collections. FA 2000.001.275.) A shabby and dirty alchemist looking for cues of the maladies of the patient through urinoscopy
---------------Беременность----------
=======================================
------Рregnancy diagnose-------------
Очень распостранееным было определение беременности по моче.
На многих картинах и карикатурах обыгрывается сюжет, где молодую женщину приводит пожилая:
"Анализ" мочи у беременной
A physician examining a pregnant woman's urine specimen in his library. Mezzotint.
Published: Carrington BowlesLondon (St. Pauls Church Yard)
A physician examining a urine flask. Enamel after Caspar Netscher.
A physician examining a urine flask brought by a young woman. Oil painting, 19th century, after Hendrik Heerschop.
---------------------
A physician sitting before a table, holding a urine flask, with two women, a boy and several other figures in the room. Oil painting by Gerard Thomas.
Wellcome Library, London
A physician-virtuoso in his cabinet, examining a flask of urine brought by a lady. Oil painting by a painter in the circle of Gerard Thomas, early 18th century.
1700 By: Gerard Thomas
--------------
Wellcome Library, London
A physician examining a urine-flask brought by a woman. Oil painting after Caspar Netscher.
By: Caspar Netscher
A physician examining a urine flask. Oil painting.
A man examining a urine flask. Oil painting by Egbert van Heemskerck.
--------------------
Wellcome Library, London
A philosopher in his study, consulted by an old woman to determine from a flask of urine whether the young woman accompanying her is pregnant.
By: Egbert van Heemskerck
A physician examining a urine-flask. Oil painting in the style of Gerard Thomas.
A physician examining a urine-flask. Oil painting by Justus Juncker.
Contemporary jokes also ridiculed doctors for their inability to diagnose pregnancy, a condition here indicated by the mythic pregnancy test of a ribbon dipped in urine, smouldering in the brazier.
---------------Карикатуры-------
A broadside satirising Frederick V, plagued by the devil and Spanish mosquitos; with an etching showing a sick lion sitting on a table, surrounded by mosquitos, with three monkeys attending him, and one fox examining a glass with a urine sample, in which a devil is depicted; with engraved text in two columns. (n.p.:1621)
Дистилляция воды-
показывает сельского медицинского врача(?), используется собственная урина - для лекарства для натирания глаз.
Wellcome Library, London
A village doctress distilling eyewater
The watercolour shows a rural medical practitioner, a woman, not young, using her own urine to create a medicine which she offers for sale for rubbing on the eyes to dispel bad humours of the eye. She urinates in the right foreground into a funnel over a chemical vessel; another, younger woman urinates in the left background into a funnel placed in a barrel, and a cat urinates in the left foreground on to the ground.
Watercolour circa 1800 By: Thomas Rowlandson
Еще по теме:
---------------------------
РОДЫ и предохранение-ТУТ
Кровопускание.13-19 век-ТУТ
Мода на клистир. История клистира и картинки--ТУТ
-----------------------
Уриноскопия в истории, статья
"The Visual Image of Chemistry:
Perspectives from the History of Art and Science
Joachim Schummer & Tami I. Spector"
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uroscopy
http://images.wellcome.ac.uk/
http://www.britishmuseum.org/
http://www.jeanmoust.com/index.cfm?page=Home
http://www.nicepaintings.org/browse/artist/Teniers,%20David,%20II
http://www.staroilpainting.com/?page=shop/flypage_bulk&product_id=33561&PHPSESSID=a5treq01l8qioml2t4jc3f8t93
http://www.neatorama.com/2011/02/01/alchemy%E2%80%99s-shower-of-gold/