Biochem High Points: Carb Metabolism
What enzyme shuts down gluconeogenesis?
fructose 1,6 phosphate
shuts down gluconeo when F6P or F26P concentrations rise
What two enzymes begin the process of breaking down glucose?
hexokinase in muscle and glucokinase in liver
What other sugar can hexokinase work on?
d-fructose from diet-->F-6-P in glycolysis lineup
What enyzme splits fructose 1,6 bisphosphate into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate?
aldolase A or B
What byproduct is created when alanine is converted to pyruvate?
NH3 (urea)
What is THE rate limiting enzyme in glycolysis?
phosphofructokinase
What inhibits PFK function?
ATP and citrate
fatty acids, ketone bodies, glucagon, cAMP
What induces PFK?
insulin
What activates PFK?
AMP, F6P, Pi, F2,6bisP
What's the ATP breakeven point in glycolysis?
PEP
What enzyme converts PEP to pyruvate?
pyruvate kinase
What enzyme converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA?
pyruvate dehydrogenase
What are the 3 top substrates for gluconeogenesis?
alanine, lactate, glycerol
What four enzymes are key in gluconeogenesis?
hints:
py box, py box kin, f-1,6 diP, glu-6P
translated:
pyruvate carboxylase
pyruvate carboxykinase
F-1,6 diphosphatase
glucose-6 phosphatase
Which one of those enyzmes converts oxaloacetate to PEP?
pyruvate carboxykinase
Which one converst pyruvate to oxaloacetate?
pyruvate carboxylase
Which one converts F-1,6-P to F-6-P?
F-1,6 diphosphatase
Which one makes glucose from G6P?
glucose-6-phosphatase
What enzyme interconverts pyruvate and lactate?
LDH, I think that's lactate dehydrogenase
Which member of the TCA cycle can cross the mitochondrial membrane?
malate
What is formed by fatty acid breakdown that can join the TCA cycle?
acetyl CoA
fructose 1,6 phosphate
shuts down gluconeo when F6P or F26P concentrations rise
What two enzymes begin the process of breaking down glucose?
hexokinase in muscle and glucokinase in liver
What other sugar can hexokinase work on?
d-fructose from diet-->F-6-P in glycolysis lineup
What enyzme splits fructose 1,6 bisphosphate into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate?
aldolase A or B
What byproduct is created when alanine is converted to pyruvate?
NH3 (urea)
What is THE rate limiting enzyme in glycolysis?
phosphofructokinase
What inhibits PFK function?
ATP and citrate
fatty acids, ketone bodies, glucagon, cAMP
What induces PFK?
insulin
What activates PFK?
AMP, F6P, Pi, F2,6bisP
What's the ATP breakeven point in glycolysis?
PEP
What enzyme converts PEP to pyruvate?
pyruvate kinase
What enzyme converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA?
pyruvate dehydrogenase
What are the 3 top substrates for gluconeogenesis?
alanine, lactate, glycerol
What four enzymes are key in gluconeogenesis?
hints:
py box, py box kin, f-1,6 diP, glu-6P
translated:
pyruvate carboxylase
pyruvate carboxykinase
F-1,6 diphosphatase
glucose-6 phosphatase
Which one of those enyzmes converts oxaloacetate to PEP?
pyruvate carboxykinase
Which one converst pyruvate to oxaloacetate?
pyruvate carboxylase
Which one converts F-1,6-P to F-6-P?
F-1,6 diphosphatase
Which one makes glucose from G6P?
glucose-6-phosphatase
What enzyme interconverts pyruvate and lactate?
LDH, I think that's lactate dehydrogenase
Which member of the TCA cycle can cross the mitochondrial membrane?
malate
What is formed by fatty acid breakdown that can join the TCA cycle?
acetyl CoA