Peroxynitrite damage & reduction?
ok,well, I found that if I take 120 mg of COq10 and Idebenone 90 mg with my Provigil, it works very well...I can even do it 2 days in a row without suffering major down time after...there still is a recovery period but it's much less and less intense. But, the Provigil does make large quantities of Peroxynitrite - and that's not good. Now I have to find out if the Q10 & Idebenone is enough of an antioxidant to combat the Peroxynitrite production.
from Wikipedia-"Peroxynitrite (ONOO-) is a strong oxidant and nitrating agent,which damages DNA, proteins and other cellular structures.Formation of peroxynitrite in vivo has been ascribed to the reaction of superoxide with nitric oxide.
The conjugate acid of ONOO- is peroxynitrous acid (ONOOH), which has a pKa of ~6.8. ONOOH can homolyze to form nitrogen dioxide and hydroxyl radical as a pair of caged radicals. Approximately 66% of the time, these two radicals recombine to form nitronium ion and hydroxide. The other 33% of the time, these two radicals escape the solvent cage and become free radicals.
ONOO- can react nucleophilically with carbon dioxide. In vivo, the concentration of carbon dioxide is about 1 mM, and the reaction of ONOO- with carbon dioxide occurs very quickly. Thus, under physiological conditions, the reaction of ONOO- with carbon dioxide to form nitrosoperoxycarbonate (ONOOCO2-) is by far the predominant pathway for ONOO- reaction. ONOOCO2- homolyzes to form carbonate radical and nitrogen dioxide as a pair of caged radicals. Approximately 66% of the time, these two radicals recombine to form carbon dioxide and nitrate. The other 33% of the time, these two radicals escape the solvent cage and become free radicals. It is these radicals (carbonate radical and nitrogen dioxide) that are believed to cause peroxynitite-related cellular damage."
from Wikipedia-"Peroxynitrite (ONOO-) is a strong oxidant and nitrating agent,which damages DNA, proteins and other cellular structures.Formation of peroxynitrite in vivo has been ascribed to the reaction of superoxide with nitric oxide.
The conjugate acid of ONOO- is peroxynitrous acid (ONOOH), which has a pKa of ~6.8. ONOOH can homolyze to form nitrogen dioxide and hydroxyl radical as a pair of caged radicals. Approximately 66% of the time, these two radicals recombine to form nitronium ion and hydroxide. The other 33% of the time, these two radicals escape the solvent cage and become free radicals.
ONOO- can react nucleophilically with carbon dioxide. In vivo, the concentration of carbon dioxide is about 1 mM, and the reaction of ONOO- with carbon dioxide occurs very quickly. Thus, under physiological conditions, the reaction of ONOO- with carbon dioxide to form nitrosoperoxycarbonate (ONOOCO2-) is by far the predominant pathway for ONOO- reaction. ONOOCO2- homolyzes to form carbonate radical and nitrogen dioxide as a pair of caged radicals. Approximately 66% of the time, these two radicals recombine to form carbon dioxide and nitrate. The other 33% of the time, these two radicals escape the solvent cage and become free radicals. It is these radicals (carbonate radical and nitrogen dioxide) that are believed to cause peroxynitite-related cellular damage."