unopened letter to a world that never shall reply
Just reviewing myself. Don't mind this entry unless you actually want to read about Bio and History. This is incomplete but it's what I remember. And what I'm not too lazy to type. Hehehe. I know the rest but I'm not in a typing mood. I just need to preserve the info. :)
So yah. There.
Hahaha.
Ok. Off the top of my head...
BIOLOGY
Organic Compounds - with Carbon
Inorganic Compounds - without Carbon
**Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is an exception and is considered INORGANIC because normally Organic Compounds are more complex in chemical makeup. Since CO2 has relatively simple composition, it is considered inorganic.
Importance of Studying Carbon
1. Most of life is Carbon-based
2. Organic Chemistry is a branch of science that mainly focuses on studies that deal with generally carbon-based substances
3. Carbon is the most versatile building block in molecules
What is a Macromolecule? A macromolecule is also known as a biomolecule or a polymer. It's composed of thousands of monomers linked together, most commonly because of dehydration synthesis. A polymer is made by linkages between many monomers (building blocks made of similar chem. composition).
**Polymers are separated back into Monomers through the process of adding water which is called Hydrolisis.
Classes of Carbon
Carbohydrates
- source of energy
- basic composition: CH2O
- Monosaccharides - basic structure of Monosacchardies C6H12O6!!!; Glucose, Fructose, Galactose
- Disaccharides - Sucrose = Glucose + Fructose; Maltose = Glucose + Glucose; Lactose = Glucose + Galactose
- Polysaccharides - Structural - Starch, Glycogen; Storage - Cellulose, Chitin
Lipids
- warmth
- main source of metabolic fuel
- membrane components
- like starch but have less O
- contain Phosphorous
- HYDROPHOBIC
- cushions vital organs
- can dissolve in non-polar substances (ex. chlorophorm)
- made up of fatty acids
- basic composition: CHO
- sperm cell look hahaha! hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails
- Simple Lipids -- Fats (Saturated) and Oils (Unsaturated)
- Phospholipids - PO4
- Steroids -- Cholesterol, Estrogen, Testosterone
- ESTER BONDS -- Lypase: destroys ester bonds; enzyme; Hydrogenation -- adding of H-atoms to Unsat to make them Sat
Proteins
- CHO, with Nitrogen
- made up of amino-acids
- for rebuilding, growth, building and revitalizing of the cells
- facilitates enzymatic chem reactions
- Levels of protein structure --- Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary
Enzymes
- special protein
- speeds up rate of chem reaction in cells
- lock and key theory; the enzyme pieces must fit perfectly in the active site to work efficiently
- process of stopping the whole enzyme whatever thing: denaturalization (ex. EGGS! DANIE! EGGS! HAHAHA!)
- Factors of Enzymatic Reaction: pH, Temperature, Concentration
The Microscope
- Leeuwenhoek
- Hooke
- Janssen Bros
- Kinds - Stereoscopic, Electron, Metallurgical, Polarizing, Phase Contrast, Darkfield, Differencial Interference Contrast, Scanning Tunnel
**THE REST I'M TOO LAZY TO TYPE...
HISTORY
Harappa and Mohenjo Daro
- Peaceful
- Citadels, great baths, granaries, etc
- Clay seals, potteries, clay toys for recreation (the kids)
- Indus Valley civs
- Harmonious
- Had order
Aryans
- Nomadic
- Not peaceful
- No order
Mohenjo-Daro people left their land for fear of getting dragged into the war of the surrounding tribes
Harappans left their land because the Aryans bombarded it. Harappans who could not get away ended up slaves to the Aryans.
Caste System
Brahmin
Kshatriyas
Vaisyas
Sudras
Harijan/Pariah/Untouchables
Discrimination
Chinese Dynasties
Hsia - Yu found a way to stop the rivers from overflowing so he gained the Mandate of Heaven; there was goodness until things got unjust and Shang people overthrew the Hsia leaders
Shang - was ok at first. Fu Hao, Wu Ti. But then it turned into a dynasty based on Human Sacrifice. Chaos. Death. Rebellion. Lost Mandate of Heaven. Fu Hao died. Wu Ti became alcoholic. Bronze + Alcohol = something that makes people RUTHLESS.
Chou - longest dyansty; 900 years; golden age of philosophy (Confucius, Mencius, Hsun Tzu, Lao Tzu, etc)
Chin - built Great Wall; Chin = China (name derived from...); lots of developments; first book burning and killing of scholars; terra cota men; Emperor Shin Hwang Ti died because he was looking for the elixir of life...drank gun powder...died (IRONIC!!)
Han - Civil Service System; Kao Tzu; Wu Ti; Silk Road/Grand Caravan; trade; return of Confucianism
Sui - agriculture
T'ang - Golden Age in China; strengthening educ, arts, culture; T'ai Tsung (leader) strengthened gov't, more liberal Civil Service System --> open to ALL even MERCHANTS...
So yah. There.
Hahaha.
Ok. Off the top of my head...
BIOLOGY
Organic Compounds - with Carbon
Inorganic Compounds - without Carbon
**Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is an exception and is considered INORGANIC because normally Organic Compounds are more complex in chemical makeup. Since CO2 has relatively simple composition, it is considered inorganic.
Importance of Studying Carbon
1. Most of life is Carbon-based
2. Organic Chemistry is a branch of science that mainly focuses on studies that deal with generally carbon-based substances
3. Carbon is the most versatile building block in molecules
What is a Macromolecule? A macromolecule is also known as a biomolecule or a polymer. It's composed of thousands of monomers linked together, most commonly because of dehydration synthesis. A polymer is made by linkages between many monomers (building blocks made of similar chem. composition).
**Polymers are separated back into Monomers through the process of adding water which is called Hydrolisis.
Classes of Carbon
Carbohydrates
- source of energy
- basic composition: CH2O
- Monosaccharides - basic structure of Monosacchardies C6H12O6!!!; Glucose, Fructose, Galactose
- Disaccharides - Sucrose = Glucose + Fructose; Maltose = Glucose + Glucose; Lactose = Glucose + Galactose
- Polysaccharides - Structural - Starch, Glycogen; Storage - Cellulose, Chitin
Lipids
- warmth
- main source of metabolic fuel
- membrane components
- like starch but have less O
- contain Phosphorous
- HYDROPHOBIC
- cushions vital organs
- can dissolve in non-polar substances (ex. chlorophorm)
- made up of fatty acids
- basic composition: CHO
- sperm cell look hahaha! hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails
- Simple Lipids -- Fats (Saturated) and Oils (Unsaturated)
- Phospholipids - PO4
- Steroids -- Cholesterol, Estrogen, Testosterone
- ESTER BONDS -- Lypase: destroys ester bonds; enzyme; Hydrogenation -- adding of H-atoms to Unsat to make them Sat
Proteins
- CHO, with Nitrogen
- made up of amino-acids
- for rebuilding, growth, building and revitalizing of the cells
- facilitates enzymatic chem reactions
- Levels of protein structure --- Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary
Enzymes
- special protein
- speeds up rate of chem reaction in cells
- lock and key theory; the enzyme pieces must fit perfectly in the active site to work efficiently
- process of stopping the whole enzyme whatever thing: denaturalization (ex. EGGS! DANIE! EGGS! HAHAHA!)
- Factors of Enzymatic Reaction: pH, Temperature, Concentration
The Microscope
- Leeuwenhoek
- Hooke
- Janssen Bros
- Kinds - Stereoscopic, Electron, Metallurgical, Polarizing, Phase Contrast, Darkfield, Differencial Interference Contrast, Scanning Tunnel
**THE REST I'M TOO LAZY TO TYPE...
HISTORY
Harappa and Mohenjo Daro
- Peaceful
- Citadels, great baths, granaries, etc
- Clay seals, potteries, clay toys for recreation (the kids)
- Indus Valley civs
- Harmonious
- Had order
Aryans
- Nomadic
- Not peaceful
- No order
Mohenjo-Daro people left their land for fear of getting dragged into the war of the surrounding tribes
Harappans left their land because the Aryans bombarded it. Harappans who could not get away ended up slaves to the Aryans.
Caste System
Brahmin
Kshatriyas
Vaisyas
Sudras
Harijan/Pariah/Untouchables
Discrimination
Chinese Dynasties
Hsia - Yu found a way to stop the rivers from overflowing so he gained the Mandate of Heaven; there was goodness until things got unjust and Shang people overthrew the Hsia leaders
Shang - was ok at first. Fu Hao, Wu Ti. But then it turned into a dynasty based on Human Sacrifice. Chaos. Death. Rebellion. Lost Mandate of Heaven. Fu Hao died. Wu Ti became alcoholic. Bronze + Alcohol = something that makes people RUTHLESS.
Chou - longest dyansty; 900 years; golden age of philosophy (Confucius, Mencius, Hsun Tzu, Lao Tzu, etc)
Chin - built Great Wall; Chin = China (name derived from...); lots of developments; first book burning and killing of scholars; terra cota men; Emperor Shin Hwang Ti died because he was looking for the elixir of life...drank gun powder...died (IRONIC!!)
Han - Civil Service System; Kao Tzu; Wu Ti; Silk Road/Grand Caravan; trade; return of Confucianism
Sui - agriculture
T'ang - Golden Age in China; strengthening educ, arts, culture; T'ai Tsung (leader) strengthened gov't, more liberal Civil Service System --> open to ALL even MERCHANTS...