Исследование "numeric". оценка оцифровки культурного наследия ЕС
Несколько материалов на англ. языке - исследование "numeric" - оценка прогресса в благородном деле оцифровки культурного наследия ЕС - (библиотеки, архивы, музеи..).
Сам отчет
Приложения
Рекомендации инициативной группы по улучшению исследования.
Кратко о самом исследовании
Несколько материалов в виде ppt-файлов (1,2)
Под катом - фрагменты из исследования - а также таблица, из коей видно разброс стоимости за лист
NUMERIC - STATISTICS ON DIGITISATION OF CULTURAL MATERIALS IN EUROPE
Developing a statistical framework for measuring the progress made in the digitisation of cultural materials and content
Study deliverable № 8:Study Report Study findings and proposals for sustaining the framework
The opinions expressed in this study are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect
the views of the European Commission.
Chartered Institute of Public Finance and Accountancy (CIPFA)
No 1 Croydon
CR0 0XT
United Kingdom
IPF May 2009
0.14 Against this background there was a very wide distribution in digitisation costs associated with each type of material. The unit
costs (per page / per item / per hour) reflected both the different range of processes included as well as the standards of digitisation
adopted in each institutional type. For example, the typical (median) costs reported by different institutional types for text only
documents ranged between €0.10 and €0.80 per page; and audio materials between €6.42 and €78.84 per hour. Regardless, the
data collected provides a useful base, where no previous information existed.
....
0.16 Taking these factors into consideration, the typical proportion of digitised material that has been made publicly available on the
internet by libraries is 70%, and nearly 50% by archives. However, we have found it impossible to gain an accurate picture of the
volume of requests made via the internet to access the materials. Instead, we have been able to gain an impression of the access
made to such materials by persons making physical visits to the institution. 95% of the volume of such requests was reported by
the national libraries and the archives. We estimate that this would translate to nearly 43 million annual requests to access digitised
materials made on the premises of all the relevant European cultural institutions.
.....
3.11 So, where the average part of the collections that do not need to be digitised for all survey responders was 30.2%, in column [2], the
weighted proportion reflecting the true average in column [e] would be the sum of the product of the survey responses in column [2]
and the weights, in column [a]. The sum of these products provides a more representative proportion of collections deemed not to
require digitisation (33.9%), since it is based on the distribution of relevant institutions in the EU reported by all national coordinators.
This process is also applied to the remaining survey responses (in columns [3] and [4]) to derive the weighted estimates.
.....
3.43 About €30 in every €100 spent on digitising materials was funded under specific government programmes. €62 was found from the
institutions’ own resources, and the remainder (€8) was met from other means (commercial activities, in-kind support and private
donations). The distribution by type of institution is set out in Table 13.
.....
3.44 About one-third of all digitisation work appears to have been undertaken by external contractors. The majority of the work has
been handled in-house (62%), although in a number of institutional types there appears to have been a significant amount undertaken
by lead partner institutions; notably among archives, film institutes and national libraries. Further information about the use of
contractors and partners is mapped in appendix IV (and described under Digitisation partners below.)
.....
Unit costs (per page/hour) of digitised materials
3.56 Two approaches were adopted in the survey to the measurement of digitisation costs: the cost per page/hour of materials already
processed, and rather more detailed estimates of the cost applying to the planned processing of specific types of material (see Cost of
planned digitisation work according to type of material, at 3.69).
3.57 Considering different circumstances and form of the analogue materials being processed, the cost will vary considerably between
projects even within the same institution. Therefore, it should be understood that the average cost represents a wide distribution of
values. Furthermore, the reported costs of digitisation varied considerably between institutions, in some part reflecting different
processes in the digitisation tasks and technology. This is demonstrated in the distribution of average costs for processing
materials combining text and images on the page, shown in figure 11.
3.58 Consequently, the values for the main types of institution, shown in Table 20, are only indicative of actual benchmarks that may be
drawn widely about the average. Keeping this in mind, the median cost of digitising pictures in art museums (€5) was rather more than
the cost of digitising images in national libraries (€1).
....
3.66 The data provided on the number of online (internet) user requests to access digitised materials were particularly inconsistent, despite
considerable time spent on validating the responses. Some data undoubtedly refer to site hits, and others to visitor episodes. An
example of high volume of user access was reported in one country, where 90 million internet user requests related to five archives.
However, upon investigation these figures appeared to be a count of the number of internet accesses. In another instance, an
institutional response of 18 million user requests was reported as false, and that it was not possible to count user requests. The
survey established that about three-quarters of all libraries operated a free access policy to digitised materials (see 3.60). The operation
of restricted or paid access policies tended to be more significant amongst other types of institution, and the overall volume of
internet requests for digitised materials needs to be regarded in this light.
3.67 Given the inconsistency in the data, the figures provided in the report of survey for the level of internet user requests to digitised
materials made over the internet need to be treated with extreme scepticism.
....
http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/ict/telearn-digicult/sig-stat_en.pdf
5. Calculation of costs
Review
Substantial variance was found in the Numeric survey concerning the recorded costs of digitisation.
Differences even occurred across projects within the same institution. As a consequence, one cannot
determine one proper price for the digitisation of a certain type of collection. As suggested above (see
the paragraph on definitions), the way questions about expenditure were phrased may have resulted in
too much ambiguity. Another explanation for these differences could lie in the inclusion or exclusion
of 'invisible costs', such as staffing costs, costs of making policy or project plans, etc. The SIG came to
the conclusion that it is not justified to make generalisations about digitisation costs solely based on
the responses in the Numeric survey. Calculating costs for digitisation projects is a very complicated
issue, yet for the management of institutions, policy makers and funding agencies a better insight in
these costs would be profitable.
Таблицы и графики из исследования (выборочно и из приложения)
Сам отчет
Приложения
Рекомендации инициативной группы по улучшению исследования.
Кратко о самом исследовании
Несколько материалов в виде ppt-файлов (1,2)
Под катом - фрагменты из исследования - а также таблица, из коей видно разброс стоимости за лист
NUMERIC - STATISTICS ON DIGITISATION OF CULTURAL MATERIALS IN EUROPE
Developing a statistical framework for measuring the progress made in the digitisation of cultural materials and content
Study deliverable № 8:Study Report Study findings and proposals for sustaining the framework
The opinions expressed in this study are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect
the views of the European Commission.
Chartered Institute of Public Finance and Accountancy (CIPFA)
No 1 Croydon
CR0 0XT
United Kingdom
IPF May 2009
0.14 Against this background there was a very wide distribution in digitisation costs associated with each type of material. The unit
costs (per page / per item / per hour) reflected both the different range of processes included as well as the standards of digitisation
adopted in each institutional type. For example, the typical (median) costs reported by different institutional types for text only
documents ranged between €0.10 and €0.80 per page; and audio materials between €6.42 and €78.84 per hour. Regardless, the
data collected provides a useful base, where no previous information existed.
....
0.16 Taking these factors into consideration, the typical proportion of digitised material that has been made publicly available on the
internet by libraries is 70%, and nearly 50% by archives. However, we have found it impossible to gain an accurate picture of the
volume of requests made via the internet to access the materials. Instead, we have been able to gain an impression of the access
made to such materials by persons making physical visits to the institution. 95% of the volume of such requests was reported by
the national libraries and the archives. We estimate that this would translate to nearly 43 million annual requests to access digitised
materials made on the premises of all the relevant European cultural institutions.
.....
3.11 So, where the average part of the collections that do not need to be digitised for all survey responders was 30.2%, in column [2], the
weighted proportion reflecting the true average in column [e] would be the sum of the product of the survey responses in column [2]
and the weights, in column [a]. The sum of these products provides a more representative proportion of collections deemed not to
require digitisation (33.9%), since it is based on the distribution of relevant institutions in the EU reported by all national coordinators.
This process is also applied to the remaining survey responses (in columns [3] and [4]) to derive the weighted estimates.
.....
3.43 About €30 in every €100 spent on digitising materials was funded under specific government programmes. €62 was found from the
institutions’ own resources, and the remainder (€8) was met from other means (commercial activities, in-kind support and private
donations). The distribution by type of institution is set out in Table 13.
.....
3.44 About one-third of all digitisation work appears to have been undertaken by external contractors. The majority of the work has
been handled in-house (62%), although in a number of institutional types there appears to have been a significant amount undertaken
by lead partner institutions; notably among archives, film institutes and national libraries. Further information about the use of
contractors and partners is mapped in appendix IV (and described under Digitisation partners below.)
.....
Unit costs (per page/hour) of digitised materials
3.56 Two approaches were adopted in the survey to the measurement of digitisation costs: the cost per page/hour of materials already
processed, and rather more detailed estimates of the cost applying to the planned processing of specific types of material (see Cost of
planned digitisation work according to type of material, at 3.69).
3.57 Considering different circumstances and form of the analogue materials being processed, the cost will vary considerably between
projects even within the same institution. Therefore, it should be understood that the average cost represents a wide distribution of
values. Furthermore, the reported costs of digitisation varied considerably between institutions, in some part reflecting different
processes in the digitisation tasks and technology. This is demonstrated in the distribution of average costs for processing
materials combining text and images on the page, shown in figure 11.
3.58 Consequently, the values for the main types of institution, shown in Table 20, are only indicative of actual benchmarks that may be
drawn widely about the average. Keeping this in mind, the median cost of digitising pictures in art museums (€5) was rather more than
the cost of digitising images in national libraries (€1).
....
3.66 The data provided on the number of online (internet) user requests to access digitised materials were particularly inconsistent, despite
considerable time spent on validating the responses. Some data undoubtedly refer to site hits, and others to visitor episodes. An
example of high volume of user access was reported in one country, where 90 million internet user requests related to five archives.
However, upon investigation these figures appeared to be a count of the number of internet accesses. In another instance, an
institutional response of 18 million user requests was reported as false, and that it was not possible to count user requests. The
survey established that about three-quarters of all libraries operated a free access policy to digitised materials (see 3.60). The operation
of restricted or paid access policies tended to be more significant amongst other types of institution, and the overall volume of
internet requests for digitised materials needs to be regarded in this light.
3.67 Given the inconsistency in the data, the figures provided in the report of survey for the level of internet user requests to digitised
materials made over the internet need to be treated with extreme scepticism.
....
http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/ict/telearn-digicult/sig-stat_en.pdf
5. Calculation of costs
Review
Substantial variance was found in the Numeric survey concerning the recorded costs of digitisation.
Differences even occurred across projects within the same institution. As a consequence, one cannot
determine one proper price for the digitisation of a certain type of collection. As suggested above (see
the paragraph on definitions), the way questions about expenditure were phrased may have resulted in
too much ambiguity. Another explanation for these differences could lie in the inclusion or exclusion
of 'invisible costs', such as staffing costs, costs of making policy or project plans, etc. The SIG came to
the conclusion that it is not justified to make generalisations about digitisation costs solely based on
the responses in the Numeric survey. Calculating costs for digitisation projects is a very complicated
issue, yet for the management of institutions, policy makers and funding agencies a better insight in
these costs would be profitable.
Таблицы и графики из исследования (выборочно и из приложения)