О погоде в Дрездене 13/14 февраля 1945: вікі.де вс. вікі.ен
Сравнил снова вики.де с вики.ен на предмет погоды при начале бомбардировок Дрездена 13/13 февраля 45го. Ничего нового: "а воз и ныне там":-/ В немецкой вики сказано, что при начале бомбардировок было ясное безоблачное небо. В английской вики сказано про плохую погоду вообще ....
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luftangriffe_auf_Dresden
Erste Angriffswelle in der Nacht vom 13. auf den 14. Februar
Am Faschingsdienstag, 13. Februar 1945 um 21:45, wurde in Dresden der 175. Fliegeralarm ausgelöst.[8] Die Menschen begaben sich in die Keller ihrer Häuser oder Wohnblocks und die wenigen vorhandenen Luftschutzbunker.
Die Angriffe begannen bei aufgeklartem, wolkenlosem Nachthimmel. Um 22:03 wurde die Innenstadt mit Lichtkaskaden („Christbäumen“) ausgeleuchtet, zwei Minuten darauf warfen neun britische De Havilland Mosquitos rote Zielmarkierungen auf das gut sichtbare DSC-Stadion im Ostragehege nordwestlich des Stadtkerns. Von 22:13 Uhr bis 22:28 fielen die ersten Bomben. 244 britische Bomber einer „Pfadfinder“-Einheit der No. 5 Bomber Group zerstörten die Gebäudedächer mit 529 Luftminen und 1800 Spreng- und Brandbomben, insgesamt 900 Tonnen. Sie gingen südwestlich des Zielpunktes in einem 45-Grad-Fächer zwischen der großen Elbschleife im Westen der Stadt, dem industriell bebauten „Ostragehege“ (heute Messegelände) und dem Hauptbahnhof, etwa 2,5 km Luftlinie entfernt, nieder.
In diesen 15 Minuten wurde bereits eine Fläche von etwa drei Vierteln der Dresdner Altstadt in Brand gesetzt. Gezielte Treffer einzelner Gebäude waren bei diesen Nachtangriffen der RAF weder beabsichtigt noch möglich. Vielmehr sollte ein Bombenteppich die gesamte Innenstadt großflächig zerstören.
Die Flammen der brennenden Innenstadt nach der ersten Angriffswelle waren im weiten Umkreis am Himmel zu sehen. Manche Brände loderten noch vier Tage.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dresden_bombing
The night of 13/14 February
The Dresden attack was to have begun with a USAAF Eighth Air Force bombing raid on 13 February 1945. The Eighth Air Force had already bombed the railway yards near the centre of the city twice in daytime raids: once on 7 October 1944 with 70 tons of high-explosive bombs killing more than 400,[37] then again with 133 bombers on 16 January 1945, dropping 279 tons of high-explosives and 41 tons of incendiaries.[2]
On 13 February 1945, bad weather over Europe prevented any USAAF operations, and it was left to RAF Bomber Command to carry out the first raid. It had been decided that the raid would be a double strike, in which a second wave of bombers would attack three hours after the first, just as the rescue teams were trying to put out the fires.[38] Other raids were carried out that night to confuse German air defences. Three hundred and sixty heavy bombers (Lancasters and Halifaxes) bombed a synthetic oil plant in Böhlen, 60 miles (97 km) from Dresden, while de Havilland Mosquito medium bomber attacked Magdeburg, Bonn, Misburg near Hannover, and Nuremberg.[39]
The first of the British aircraft took off at around 17:20 hours CET for the 700-mile (1,100 km) journey.[40] This was a group of Lancasters from Bomber Command's 83 Squadron, No. 5 Group, acting as the Pathfinders or flare force, whose job it was to find Dresden and drop magnesium parachute flares to light up the area for the bombers. The next set of aircraft to leave England were the twin-engined Mosquito marker planes who would identify the target areas and drop 1,000-pound target indicators (TIs), known to the Germans as "Christmas trees,"[41] which gave off a red glow for the bombers to aim at.[42] The attack was to be centered on the sports stadium, next to the city's medieval Altstadt (old town), with its congested, and highly combustible, timbered buildings.[43]
The main bomber force, called "Plate Rack", took off shortly after the Pathfinders. This was a group of 254 Lancasters carrying 500 tons of high explosives and 375 tons of incendiaries, or fire bombs. There were 200,000 incendiaries in all, with the high-explosive bombs ranging in weight from 500 pounds to 4,000 pounds - the so-called two-ton "cookies,"[43] also known as "blockbusters," because they had the power to destroy a city block. The high explosives were intended to rupture water mains, and blow off roofs, doors, and windows, creating an air flow that would feed the fires caused by the incendiaries that followed.[44][45][46]
The Lancasters crossed into French airspace near the Somme, then into Germany just north of Cologne. At 22:00 hours, the force heading for Böhlen split away from Plate Rack, which turned south east toward the Elbe. By this time, 10 of the Lancasters were out of service, leaving 244 to continue to Dresden.[47]
The sirens started sounding in Dresden at 21:51 (CET)[48][49] Wing Commander Maurice Smith, flying in a Mosquito, gave the order to the Lancasters: "Controller to Plate Rack Force: Come in and bomb glow of red target indicators as planned. Bomb the glow of red TIs as planned.".[50] The first bombs were released at 22:14, the Lancasters flying in low at 8,000 feet (2,400 m),[51] with all but one Lancaster's bombs released within two minutes, and the last one releasing at 22:22. The fan-shaped area that was bombed was one-and-a-quarter miles long, and at its extreme about one-and-three-quarter miles wide.[52]
The second attack, three hours later, was by Lancaster aircraft of 1, 3, 6 and 8 (Pathfinder Force) Groups, 8 Group being the Pathfinders. By now, the thousands of fires from the burning city could be seen more than 60 miles (97 km) away on the ground, and 500 miles (800 km) away in the air, with smoke rising to 15,000 feet (4,600 m).[53] The Pathfinders therefore decided to expand the target, dropping flares on either side of the firestorm, including the Hauptbahnhof, the main train station, and the Großer Garten, a large park, both of which had escaped damage during the first raid. The German sirens sounded again at 01:05, but as there was practically no electricity, these were small hand-held sirens that were heard within only a block.[47] Between 01:21 and 01:45, 529 Lancasters dropped more than 1,800 tons of bombs.
...
De Bruhl, Marshall (2006). Firestorm: Allied Airpower and the Destruction of Dresden. Random House.
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luftangriffe_auf_Dresden
Erste Angriffswelle in der Nacht vom 13. auf den 14. Februar
Am Faschingsdienstag, 13. Februar 1945 um 21:45, wurde in Dresden der 175. Fliegeralarm ausgelöst.[8] Die Menschen begaben sich in die Keller ihrer Häuser oder Wohnblocks und die wenigen vorhandenen Luftschutzbunker.
Die Angriffe begannen bei aufgeklartem, wolkenlosem Nachthimmel. Um 22:03 wurde die Innenstadt mit Lichtkaskaden („Christbäumen“) ausgeleuchtet, zwei Minuten darauf warfen neun britische De Havilland Mosquitos rote Zielmarkierungen auf das gut sichtbare DSC-Stadion im Ostragehege nordwestlich des Stadtkerns. Von 22:13 Uhr bis 22:28 fielen die ersten Bomben. 244 britische Bomber einer „Pfadfinder“-Einheit der No. 5 Bomber Group zerstörten die Gebäudedächer mit 529 Luftminen und 1800 Spreng- und Brandbomben, insgesamt 900 Tonnen. Sie gingen südwestlich des Zielpunktes in einem 45-Grad-Fächer zwischen der großen Elbschleife im Westen der Stadt, dem industriell bebauten „Ostragehege“ (heute Messegelände) und dem Hauptbahnhof, etwa 2,5 km Luftlinie entfernt, nieder.
In diesen 15 Minuten wurde bereits eine Fläche von etwa drei Vierteln der Dresdner Altstadt in Brand gesetzt. Gezielte Treffer einzelner Gebäude waren bei diesen Nachtangriffen der RAF weder beabsichtigt noch möglich. Vielmehr sollte ein Bombenteppich die gesamte Innenstadt großflächig zerstören.
Die Flammen der brennenden Innenstadt nach der ersten Angriffswelle waren im weiten Umkreis am Himmel zu sehen. Manche Brände loderten noch vier Tage.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dresden_bombing
The night of 13/14 February
The Dresden attack was to have begun with a USAAF Eighth Air Force bombing raid on 13 February 1945. The Eighth Air Force had already bombed the railway yards near the centre of the city twice in daytime raids: once on 7 October 1944 with 70 tons of high-explosive bombs killing more than 400,[37] then again with 133 bombers on 16 January 1945, dropping 279 tons of high-explosives and 41 tons of incendiaries.[2]
On 13 February 1945, bad weather over Europe prevented any USAAF operations, and it was left to RAF Bomber Command to carry out the first raid. It had been decided that the raid would be a double strike, in which a second wave of bombers would attack three hours after the first, just as the rescue teams were trying to put out the fires.[38] Other raids were carried out that night to confuse German air defences. Three hundred and sixty heavy bombers (Lancasters and Halifaxes) bombed a synthetic oil plant in Böhlen, 60 miles (97 km) from Dresden, while de Havilland Mosquito medium bomber attacked Magdeburg, Bonn, Misburg near Hannover, and Nuremberg.[39]
The first of the British aircraft took off at around 17:20 hours CET for the 700-mile (1,100 km) journey.[40] This was a group of Lancasters from Bomber Command's 83 Squadron, No. 5 Group, acting as the Pathfinders or flare force, whose job it was to find Dresden and drop magnesium parachute flares to light up the area for the bombers. The next set of aircraft to leave England were the twin-engined Mosquito marker planes who would identify the target areas and drop 1,000-pound target indicators (TIs), known to the Germans as "Christmas trees,"[41] which gave off a red glow for the bombers to aim at.[42] The attack was to be centered on the sports stadium, next to the city's medieval Altstadt (old town), with its congested, and highly combustible, timbered buildings.[43]
The main bomber force, called "Plate Rack", took off shortly after the Pathfinders. This was a group of 254 Lancasters carrying 500 tons of high explosives and 375 tons of incendiaries, or fire bombs. There were 200,000 incendiaries in all, with the high-explosive bombs ranging in weight from 500 pounds to 4,000 pounds - the so-called two-ton "cookies,"[43] also known as "blockbusters," because they had the power to destroy a city block. The high explosives were intended to rupture water mains, and blow off roofs, doors, and windows, creating an air flow that would feed the fires caused by the incendiaries that followed.[44][45][46]
The Lancasters crossed into French airspace near the Somme, then into Germany just north of Cologne. At 22:00 hours, the force heading for Böhlen split away from Plate Rack, which turned south east toward the Elbe. By this time, 10 of the Lancasters were out of service, leaving 244 to continue to Dresden.[47]
The sirens started sounding in Dresden at 21:51 (CET)[48][49] Wing Commander Maurice Smith, flying in a Mosquito, gave the order to the Lancasters: "Controller to Plate Rack Force: Come in and bomb glow of red target indicators as planned. Bomb the glow of red TIs as planned.".[50] The first bombs were released at 22:14, the Lancasters flying in low at 8,000 feet (2,400 m),[51] with all but one Lancaster's bombs released within two minutes, and the last one releasing at 22:22. The fan-shaped area that was bombed was one-and-a-quarter miles long, and at its extreme about one-and-three-quarter miles wide.[52]
The second attack, three hours later, was by Lancaster aircraft of 1, 3, 6 and 8 (Pathfinder Force) Groups, 8 Group being the Pathfinders. By now, the thousands of fires from the burning city could be seen more than 60 miles (97 km) away on the ground, and 500 miles (800 km) away in the air, with smoke rising to 15,000 feet (4,600 m).[53] The Pathfinders therefore decided to expand the target, dropping flares on either side of the firestorm, including the Hauptbahnhof, the main train station, and the Großer Garten, a large park, both of which had escaped damage during the first raid. The German sirens sounded again at 01:05, but as there was practically no electricity, these were small hand-held sirens that were heard within only a block.[47] Between 01:21 and 01:45, 529 Lancasters dropped more than 1,800 tons of bombs.
...
De Bruhl, Marshall (2006). Firestorm: Allied Airpower and the Destruction of Dresden. Random House.