So apparently, you can attach certain classes of chemo drugs to peptide chains, and you can make them water soluble. This means they can get into tumors easier. So you get better poison delivery and less drug needed.
http://futurity.org/health-medicine/nano-scale-delivery-may-offer-less-toxic-chemo/#more-5366 I wonder if it will pan out. There seems to be a three-sided battle going on between people who want radically different ways to treat cancer - like delivering gold particles to tumors and then microwaving them, people who want to improve conventional chemo therapies, and people who want to find some kind of overall cure for cancer. The cure folks seem to be losing out to the other camps - as long as the widely looked-for "increasingly early diagnosis" shows up on time.
I'm excited by all of this, but disappointed it isn't happening faster.