Gmail can't always prevent you from sending emails you might later regret, but recently they launched a new Labs feature called Mail Goggles which may help.
When you enable Mail Goggles, it will check that you're really sure you want to send that late night Friday email. And what better way to check than by making you solve a few simple math problems after you click send to verify you're in the right state of mind?
By default, Mail Goggles is only active late night on the weekend - as that is the time you're most likely to need it, genius. Once enabled, you can adjust when it's active in the General settings.
Hopefully Mail Goggles will prevent many of you out there from sending messages you wish you hadn't cause we know we all had them. Now to solve the problem of sending drunken text messages.