Совет директоров османского государственного долга
1881-ой год - фр. Conseil d’administration de la dette publique Ottoman (состояла из 5 членов, назначаемых на 5-летний срок: синдикатом держателей иностранных облигаций (англ. Foreign bondholders) в Лондоне, торговой палатой в Риме и синдикатами кредиторов Османской империи в Вене, Париже и Берлине), которая получила контроль над некоторыми
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1869. This route (через Боснию) was chosen over a more direct route through Belgrade in order to avoid building the line through Serbia, which was semi-independent. Austro-Hungary also was in favor of this route to increase their influence over Bosnia.
1873. Official opening of the Constantinople - Belovo railway line.
1874. Построена линия от Dobrljin до Banja Luka. The Dobrljin-Banja Luka line wasn't connected with the Austrian network yet so revenue on the line was low. The line later became a liability for the CO and was abandoned in 1876, until it was connected to the Austrian network.
1876. The National Liberation movement and railway revolutionaries in Bulgaria.
1878. The future of the CO was also decided in the Berlin congress. Due to the railway falling into multiple countries, the congress had the CO put under a special committee with delegates from Austria-Hungary, Serbia, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire to oversee the railway. This committee was dubbed the Quadruple Committee by Berlin.
1881 -1883. The newly established Kingdom of Serbia, under Austrian influence, looked to build a railway in its territory regardless to the Constantinople-Vienna railway. In 1881, King Milan awarded a concession to Paul Eugene Bontoux, a French entrepreneur, to construct a railway from Belgrade to Vranje via Nis. However his Catholic company General Union went bankrupt in April 1881. The concession was then split between German and French banks, which formed the Serbian National Railways. The Quadruple Committee finally met, after much delay, in Vienna in December 1882. After much negotiation, the committee signed an agreement on 9 May 1883. This new agreement changed the main line from its former southern route to a direct route through Serbia, something the Ottomans (???) wished to avoid since the 1860s. This new route would continue from Belovo to Sofia and connect to the Serbian National Railways (SDZ) at Nis and a branch line would be built to connect Skopje to Nis.
1884. The SDZ completed the Belgrade-Nis railway on 15 September 1884, which was under construction since 1881. The SDZ also connected to the Austrian railways north of Belgrade the same year.
1885. The CO continued construction west of Belovo but construction was halted again, when Bulgaria violated the Berlin protocol and moved in to occupy Eastern Rumelia in 1885. This forced a new agreement where Bulgaria would own and operate tracks within its territory, while the CO would be permitted trackage rights.
1888. Stefan Stambolov’s government expropriates the Vakarel - Belovo railway line (built and previously operated by Vitalis Pacha) and starts operating it. On 1 August, the whole of the Tsaribrod (Dimitrovgrad, Serbia) - Sofia - Belovo railway line is opened for international traffic.
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http://www.trainsofturkey.com/pmwiki.php/History/CO
Maurice de Hirsch
Gerson von Bleichröder
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