Who Really Rules the USA?
Researchers Martin Gilens and Benjamin Page of Princeton recently published the results of a careful review of more than 1,800 different US policy initiatives from 1981 to 2002.
They found that:
“economic elites and organized groups representing business interests have substantial independent impacts on US government policy,
while mass-based interest groups and average citizens have little or no independent influence.”
To some, this may seem unremarkable, even unobjectionable. After all, who cares what the average person wants? Isn’t it better to focus on the needs of businesses and corporations, which bear the weight of driving our economy?
Think again. There’s a clear connection between concentration of political power in the hands of an economic oligarchy and the decline of our own liberties. It’s a decline that’s gone so far that many people have concluded that the time to abandon ship has arrived.
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Each of 4 theoretical traditions in the study of American politics - which can be characterized as theories of:
1. Majoritarian Electoral Democracy,
2. Economic-Elite Domination, and
two types of interest-group pluralism:
3. Majoritarian Pluralism and
4. Biased Pluralism
offers different predictions about which sets of actors have how much influence over public policy:
1. average citizens
2. economic elites
3. organized special interest groups
4. mass-based or
5. business-oriented
A great deal of empirical research speaks to the policy influence of one or another set of actors,
but until recently it has not been possible to test these contrasting theoretical predictions against each other within a single statistical model.
We report on an effort to do so, using a unique data set that includes measures of the key variables for 1,779 policy issues.
Multivariate analysis indicates that:
- economic elites and organized groups representing business interests have substantial independent impacts on US government policy, while
- average citizens and mass-based interest groups have little or no independent influence.
The results provide substantial support for:
- theories of Economic-Elite Domination and for
- theories of Biased Pluralism,
but not for:
- theories of Majoritarian Electoral Democracy or
- theories of Majoritarian Pluralism.
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Отсюда: http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=9354310
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Бонус - who controls the world?:
- real World Order: http://www.realworldorder.net
- capitalist network that runs the world: http://hojja-nusreddin.livejournal.com/3689478.html
- James Glattfelder "Who controls the world?": http://hojja-nusreddin.livejournal.com/3078849.html
- Who Really Rules the USA? http://hojja-nusreddin.livejournal.com/3550714.html
- Генрих Шнее "Ротшильды - история финансовой династии": http://hojja-nusreddin.livejournal.com/468874.html
- Мировая история коррупции: http://hojja-nusreddin.livejournal.com/3427145.html
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Бонусы - о Ротшильдах:
- Ротшильды и мир:
--- Ротшильды - история династии финансовых магнатов: http://hojja-nusreddin.livejournal.com/468874.html
--- Ротшильды - владельцы ФРС США:
----- как Ротшильды управляют США: http://hojja-nusreddin.livejournal.com/3547146.html
----- Who Really Rules the USA? http://hojja-nusreddin.livejournal.com/3550714.html
----- Владельцы ФРС: http://www.dollar-usd.ru/frs-owners.htm
----- Деньги, Банки и Федеральный резерв США: http://hojja-nusreddin.livejournal.com/3114828.html
----- правительство США потеряло право назначать главу Всемирного Банка: http://hojja-nusreddin.livejournal.com/3564250.html
--- как Ротшильды сколотили капиталец на работорговле: http://hojja-nusreddin.livejournal.com/3688956.html
--- генерал Нечволодов о главной тайне еврейских ростовщиков: http://hojja-nusreddin.livejournal.com/3320685.html
--- как Ротшильды финансировали Гитлера: http://hojja-nusreddin.livejournal.com/2766961.html
--- кому отдавал долги фюрер?: http://hojja-nusreddin.livejournal.com/3073733.html
- Ротшильды и Россия:
--- как Ротшильды убивали и грабили Романовых: http://hojja-nusreddin.livejournal.com/3685326.html
--- как Ротшильды спаивали Россию лафитом в 19 веке: http://hojja-nusreddin.livejournal.com/2799078.html
--- как банкстер Ротшильд троллил царя Николая I из-за писаки Герцена: http://hojja-nusreddin.livejournal.com/3685458.html
--- как Ротшильд вынес смертный приговор царю Николаю II: http://hojja-nusreddin.livejournal.com/3685747.html
--- как Ельцин продавал Россию Ротшильдам, под ширмой ходорков: http://hojja-nusreddin.livejournal.com/3689044.html
--- как Ротшильды слямзили золотишко хохла Полуботка: http://hojja-nusreddin.livejournal.com/3297334.html
--- как Ротшильды прихватизируют Украину: http://hojja-nusreddin.livejournal.com/3686285.html
- Крео о Ротшильдах:
--- Европа Ротшильдов: http://hojja-nusreddin.livejournal.com/3279370.html
--- Вротшильдизьм: http://hojja-nusreddin.livejournal.com/3669149.html
--- Ротшильд в роли Воланда: http://hojja-nusreddin.livejournal.com/3685981.html
--- "Америка в лапах евреев и политиканов", карикатура 1896: http://hojja-nusreddin.livejournal.com/2994768.html