phonetic map of Brazil
Someone has come up with the following map:
I am trying to draw a linguistic map of Brazil based on phonological features (i.e. want to draw lines like the pronunciation of the "r" in Britain), but I also want to draw lexical lines (like the bucket-pail line in America). The most salient variations in Brazilian Portuguese are the following:
Phonetic Variations
s -> [sh] in Rio and Recife but [s] elsewhere. "casca": [kashka] vs [kaska]
s before t -> [sh] in most of the Northeast. "casca"[kaska], "bosta"[boshta]
ti, di -> [tshi], [dzhi] (like in Japanese) in most of Brazil, with exceptions in the Northeast and the South. "bom dia, tia": [bõ dzhía, tshía] vs [bõ día, tía]
intervocalic rr -> [h] in most of Brazil, except in the South, where it's [r] or [rr] (not sure). Where it becomes [h], it usually goes to -> [] (null) when at the end of a word (e.g. all verbs), with exceptions in some places if the next word begins with a vowel.
e, o at the end of a word -> [i], [u] except in the South e.g. "violino": [violínu] vs [violíno]
e, o in early syllables of late-accent words -> [i], [u] in some places in the Northeast. e.g. "violino": [viulínu] vs [violínu]
Nasalization of vowels preceding a nasal consonant: in most of Brazil, "banana"[bãnãna]. Some places in the South, including perhaps Mineiro and Fluminense dialects, would say [banãna]
inho, inha -> [i~o, i~a] in most of Brazil but [i~] in Mineiro.
[u~a] in most of Brazil vs [uma] in São Paulo
em at the end of a word -> [e~i~] in most of Brazil. "também"->[també~i~]
In São Paulo, this is taken further: "entender"[enteindér]
In Rio, schwas are often inserted after the vowel in the accented syllable. This feature of their speech is considered rather ridiculous by most Brazilians, and it's target of many jokes and impressions of Rio surfer dudes.
Lexical Variations:
macaxeira vs aipim
biscoito vs bolacha
farol vs sinal de trânsito
uma tapa vs um tapa
Variations in Intonation and Rhythm:
Northeasterns supposedly talk in a singing tone, especially when asking a question.
Variations in Grammar:
tu quer (Northeast), tu queres (Maranhão, Rio Grande do Sul)
Variations in Word Choice:
The polite forms "o senhor", "a senhora" may be the only respectful address of older people in some regions.
I am trying to draw a linguistic map of Brazil based on phonological features (i.e. want to draw lines like the pronunciation of the "r" in Britain), but I also want to draw lexical lines (like the bucket-pail line in America). The most salient variations in Brazilian Portuguese are the following:
Phonetic Variations
s -> [sh] in Rio and Recife but [s] elsewhere. "casca": [kashka] vs [kaska]
s before t -> [sh] in most of the Northeast. "casca"[kaska], "bosta"[boshta]
ti, di -> [tshi], [dzhi] (like in Japanese) in most of Brazil, with exceptions in the Northeast and the South. "bom dia, tia": [bõ dzhía, tshía] vs [bõ día, tía]
intervocalic rr -> [h] in most of Brazil, except in the South, where it's [r] or [rr] (not sure). Where it becomes [h], it usually goes to -> [] (null) when at the end of a word (e.g. all verbs), with exceptions in some places if the next word begins with a vowel.
e, o at the end of a word -> [i], [u] except in the South e.g. "violino": [violínu] vs [violíno]
e, o in early syllables of late-accent words -> [i], [u] in some places in the Northeast. e.g. "violino": [viulínu] vs [violínu]
Nasalization of vowels preceding a nasal consonant: in most of Brazil, "banana"[bãnãna]. Some places in the South, including perhaps Mineiro and Fluminense dialects, would say [banãna]
inho, inha -> [i~o, i~a] in most of Brazil but [i~] in Mineiro.
[u~a] in most of Brazil vs [uma] in São Paulo
em at the end of a word -> [e~i~] in most of Brazil. "também"->[també~i~]
In São Paulo, this is taken further: "entender"[enteindér]
In Rio, schwas are often inserted after the vowel in the accented syllable. This feature of their speech is considered rather ridiculous by most Brazilians, and it's target of many jokes and impressions of Rio surfer dudes.
Lexical Variations:
macaxeira vs aipim
biscoito vs bolacha
farol vs sinal de trânsito
uma tapa vs um tapa
Variations in Intonation and Rhythm:
Northeasterns supposedly talk in a singing tone, especially when asking a question.
Variations in Grammar:
tu quer (Northeast), tu queres (Maranhão, Rio Grande do Sul)
Variations in Word Choice:
The polite forms "o senhor", "a senhora" may be the only respectful address of older people in some regions.