Monday Night Irish Class -- November 26, 2007
Irish Class. November 26, 2007
Checked against Nick's Official version.
agallamhinterview piógpief2 cuairteoirvisitorpl -í bochtpoor(a1), poor personn is m1 saibhirrich teaghlachfamilym1 pron TIE-lach aostaelderly Review of the copula
First form to link a predicate describing a general category with a specific subject.
General form:
Previously: Is + {General noun} + {Pronoun} + {Optional clarifying information for third person pronouns}
Is dlíodóir í Síle.Sheila is a lawyer. An dlíodoir í Síle?Is Sheila a lawyer? Sea/Ní heayes/no
Question and Answers An feirmeoir é Séamas. Is Séamas a farmer? Is ea/'sea Yes Ní hea No
The neuter form ea is used because it refers back to the category feirmeoir, not the specific person Séamas.
Second Form: Identifying a specific person/thing/group as the particular instance of collection. Usage:
Is + {Pronoun} + {Optional clarifying information for third person pronouns} + {Definite noun with article} + (Optional) additional information. The additional information at the end can say more about the person or thing, making this a more useful statement.
Is í Síle an dlíodóir atá anseo. Síle is the lawyer that is here. Is mise an mac léinn atá álainn. I am the student that is handsome.
[Nick's example]
Is é Seán an muinteoir.Sean is the teacher Is é Seán an muinteoir.Sean is it. An í Síle an dlíodoir?Is Sheila the lawyer? Is Síle í é.Sheila is it. Is í (sí)/Ní híYes/NoNot Sea/Ní hea Is é (sé)/Ní héYes/No
Contractions Is íSí Is séSé Is iadSiad The Genitive Case
Whenever you have more than one noun together, all but the first must be in the genitive case.
With the definite article, in the genitive case:
Consider seolta an bháid "The boat's sail"/"The sail of the boat". From bád "boat" (m). Note that the article an is not repeated: It applies to both seolta and bád.
seolta an bháid has a lot of information. It tells you that bád is masculine, because it is lenited after the article, as well as (obviously) giving the form of the genitive. You can see that the genitive is báid. If you did not know the form of the nominative, you still might guess that it is bád.
teach an shagairt. "The house of the priest."/"The priest's house"
teach an fhirThe man's housenominative fear m1 teach an bhuachaillThe boy's housenominative buachaill m1 ainm an fhirThe man's name
i rithduringlit. "in the running of" ar fudthroughout
A feminine noun: Consider i rith na seachtaine. "During the week." (Contrast nominative an tseachtain)
Similarly: ar fud na tíre. "throughout the land"
Vocabulary with genitives méidsize, quantity, amount piobarpepperm1 giotárguitarm1 urlárfloorm1 méid an urláirsize of the floornote nom.an t-urlár plátaplatem4 méid an phlátasize of the platepláta ends in a vowel, so ending does not change málabagm4 méid an mhálasize of the bagmála ends in a vowel, so ending does not change aránbreadm1 méid an aráinsize of the bread cupáncupm1 méid an chupánsize of the cup solaslightm1 gloineglassf4 méid na gloinesize of the glass i rith na maidineduring the morning óráidspeech i rith na hóráidduring the speech cisbasketf2 pl -eanna méid na cisesize of the basket méid na fuinneogesize of the window méid na hamharclainnesize of the theateramharclann f2 irisjournal, magazinef2 méid na hirisesize of the magazine méid na mnásize of the woman[Nick's example] nom. an bhean méid na mbansize of the womennote eclipsis méid an úillsize of the applenote nom. an t-úll méid an taesize of the teat is a dental, so no lenition. Ends in a vowel, so no inflection.
Checked against Nick's Official version.
agallamhinterview piógpief2 cuairteoirvisitorpl -í bochtpoor(a1), poor personn is m1 saibhirrich teaghlachfamilym1 pron TIE-lach aostaelderly Review of the copula
First form to link a predicate describing a general category with a specific subject.
General form:
Previously: Is + {General noun} + {Pronoun} + {Optional clarifying information for third person pronouns}
Is dlíodóir í Síle.Sheila is a lawyer. An dlíodoir í Síle?Is Sheila a lawyer? Sea/Ní heayes/no
Question and Answers An feirmeoir é Séamas. Is Séamas a farmer? Is ea/'sea Yes Ní hea No
The neuter form ea is used because it refers back to the category feirmeoir, not the specific person Séamas.
Second Form: Identifying a specific person/thing/group as the particular instance of collection. Usage:
Is + {Pronoun} + {Optional clarifying information for third person pronouns} + {Definite noun with article} + (Optional) additional information. The additional information at the end can say more about the person or thing, making this a more useful statement.
Is í Síle an dlíodóir atá anseo. Síle is the lawyer that is here. Is mise an mac léinn atá álainn. I am the student that is handsome.
[Nick's example]
Is é Seán an muinteoir.Sean is the teacher Is é Seán an muinteoir.Sean is it. An í Síle an dlíodoir?Is Sheila the lawyer? Is Síle í é.Sheila is it. Is í (sí)/Ní híYes/NoNot Sea/Ní hea Is é (sé)/Ní héYes/No
Contractions Is íSí Is séSé Is iadSiad The Genitive Case
Whenever you have more than one noun together, all but the first must be in the genitive case.
With the definite article, in the genitive case:
- For masculine nouns, the article is an and the noun is lenited.
- For feminine nouns, the article is na and the noun is not lenited
- The article is not repeated.
Consider seolta an bháid "The boat's sail"/"The sail of the boat". From bád "boat" (m). Note that the article an is not repeated: It applies to both seolta and bád.
seolta an bháid has a lot of information. It tells you that bád is masculine, because it is lenited after the article, as well as (obviously) giving the form of the genitive. You can see that the genitive is báid. If you did not know the form of the nominative, you still might guess that it is bád.
teach an shagairt. "The house of the priest."/"The priest's house"
- sagart "priest" is masculine--The article is an and the noun is lenited.
- The genitive is formed by slenderizing the final consonant (-irt).
teach an fhirThe man's housenominative fear m1 teach an bhuachaillThe boy's housenominative buachaill m1 ainm an fhirThe man's name
i rithduringlit. "in the running of" ar fudthroughout
A feminine noun: Consider i rith na seachtaine. "During the week." (Contrast nominative an tseachtain)
- The genitive is formed by -e.
- The article na and the absence of lenition tell you that the noun is feminine.
Similarly: ar fud na tíre. "throughout the land"
Vocabulary with genitives méidsize, quantity, amount piobarpepperm1 giotárguitarm1 urlárfloorm1 méid an urláirsize of the floornote nom.an t-urlár plátaplatem4 méid an phlátasize of the platepláta ends in a vowel, so ending does not change málabagm4 méid an mhálasize of the bagmála ends in a vowel, so ending does not change aránbreadm1 méid an aráinsize of the bread cupáncupm1 méid an chupánsize of the cup solaslightm1 gloineglassf4 méid na gloinesize of the glass i rith na maidineduring the morning óráidspeech i rith na hóráidduring the speech cisbasketf2 pl -eanna méid na cisesize of the basket méid na fuinneogesize of the window méid na hamharclainnesize of the theateramharclann f2 irisjournal, magazinef2 méid na hirisesize of the magazine méid na mnásize of the woman[Nick's example] nom. an bhean méid na mbansize of the womennote eclipsis méid an úillsize of the applenote nom. an t-úll méid an taesize of the teat is a dental, so no lenition. Ends in a vowel, so no inflection.